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2004年1月大学英语四级试题2阅读理解及注释

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2021-02-20 12:55
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2021年2月20日发(作者:pentile)


* *




2004



1


月大学英语四级阅读理解



2004



1


月大学英语四级阅读理解第


1





Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:



I



m usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happier


or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago. While any of


these statements might be true, they are practically impossible to prove scientifically. Still, I was


struck by a report which concluded that today



s children are significantly more anxious than


children in the 1950s. In fact, the analysis showed, normal children age 9 to 17 exhibit a higher


level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago.



Why are America



s kids so stressed? The report cites two main causes: increasing physical


isolation




brought on by high divorce rates and less involvement in community, among other


things




and a growing perception that the world is a more dangerous place.



Given that we can



t turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generation


cope.



At the top of the list is


nurturing


(


培育


) a better appreciation of the limits of individualism.


No child is an island. Strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individuals


against stress.



To


help


kids


build


stronger


connections


with


others,


you


can


pull


the


plug


on


TVs


and


computers.


Your


family


will


thank


you


later.


They


will


have


more


time


for


face




to




face


relationships, ad they will get more sleep.



Limit the amount of


virtual


(


虚拟的


) violence your children are exposed to. It



s not just


video games and movies; children see a lot of murders and crimes on the local news.



Keep you expectations for your children reasonable. Many highly successful people never


attended Harvard or Yale.



Make exercise part of your daily routine. It will help you cope with your own anxieties and


provide a good model for your kids. Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable. But it doesn



t




have to


ruin your life.




21. The author thinks that the conclusions of any research about people



s state of mind are ____.



A) surprising



B) confusing


C) illogical


D) questionable



22. What does the author means when he says,



we cant




turn the clock back




(Line 1, Para.


3)?


A) It



s impossible to slow down the pace of change.



B) The social reality children are facing cannot be changed.



C) Lessons learned from the past should not be forgotten.



D) It



s impossible to forget the past.




23. According to an analysis, compared with normal children today, children treated as mentally


ill 50 years ago ____.



A) were less isolated physically


B) were probably less self-centered


C) probably suffered less from anxiety



* *


D) were considered less individualistic



24. The first and most important thing parents should do to help their children is ____.



A) to provide them with a safer environment



B) to lower their expectations for them



C) to get them more involved socially



D) to set a good model for them to follow




25. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?



A) Anxiety, though unavoidable, can be coped with.



B) Children



s anxiety has been enormously exaggerated.



C) Children



s anxiety can be eliminated with more parental care.



D) Anxiety, if properly controlled, may help children become mature.




2004



1


月大学英语四级阅读理解第


1




【参考译文】



我经常怀疑任何研究的结论说人们比


50


年前更快乐或更不快乐 和更相信自己或更不相信自己。即使


这些研究结论是正确的,也无法得到科学的验证。同 时我对一份报告感到很震惊,其中提到今天的孩子比


50


年代的 孩子有明显的焦虑感。实际上,有分析表明,现在


9



11


岁的正常孩子表现出的焦虑程度比


50


年前接受精神病治疗的孩子还要高。



为什 么美国的孩子们如此焦虑呢?报告中引证了两个原因:


由于较高的离婚率和较少的参与社 会和其


它事情而造成的与世隔绝;还有对世界是一个更加危险的环境的认知。

< p>


尽管我们不能使时钟逆转,成年人还是可以为下一代做许多事情的。



首先要培养孩子们更好地领会个人主义的局限性。


任何一个孩子都不是一座与世隔绝的孤岛。


加强社


会联 系能帮助他们更多地参与社交活动,使他们免受压力的困扰。



帮助孩子们与他人建立更多的联系。你可以毁掉电视和计算机,不久之后你的家庭会感谢你的。他们


可以有更多的时间建立一种面对面的关系并且睡得更香。


< br>限制你的孩子们接触到一些虚拟的暴力。


不仅录像和电影中有暴力场面,


孩子们也从当地的报纸上读


到了大量关于谋杀和犯罪的消息。

< p>


对你的孩子要有合理的期望。很多功成名就的人士也从未上过哈佛或耶鲁 。



使锻炼成为你日常生活的一部分。


这可以帮助你很好地解决你的焦虑并且为你的孩子提供一种好的榜


样。有时候焦虑是不可 避免的,但它还不至于会毁了你的生活。




21.


作者认为,关于人们精神状态的任何研究结论是



____





A)


令人吃惊的



B)


迷惑的



C)


不合逻辑的



D)


质疑的




22.


作者说“我们不能使时钟逆转”(第

< br>3


段第


1


行)是什么意思?




A)


不能减缓变化的速度。



B)


孩子们面对的社会现状是不能改变的。



C)


过去的教训不能遗忘。



D)


不可能忘记过去。




23.


根据分析,与今天正常的孩 子相比,


50


年前接受精神病治疗的孩子



____





* *


A)


更少与世隔绝



B)


也许更少以自我为中心



C)


也许遭遇的焦虑更少



D)


被认为具有更少的个人主义




24.


为帮助孩子们,父母首要该做的是



____





A)


给孩子们提供一个更加安全的环境



B)


降低对孩子们的期望



C)


让孩子们更多的参与社会



D)


为孩子们树立一个学习的好榜样




25.


我们可以从文章中得出什么结论?



A )


焦虑,尽管不可避免,但能够被恰当处理。



B)


孩子们的焦虑被极度夸大了。


< /p>


C)


如果有更多的父母关爱,孩子们的焦虑可以被消除。



D)


如果恰当的控制焦虑,可以帮助孩子们变 得成熟。




【答案】



21


D



【注释】



本文属于果因分析性的文章 ,即“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”型。中心议题是孩子的焦



(anxious)


问题,作者开篇以一个研究的结果导出中心:对比


50


年前,现在的孩子比以前更感到有压力


和焦 虑。第


2


自然段分析造成孩子感到焦虑的原因,第


3


自然段至第


8


自然段阐述 解决方法:父母应该


如何帮助孩子减少压力和焦虑。




【答案解析】



21. (D)



本题考点出自第


1


自然段第


1


句。



I



m usually fairly skeptical about any research that


concludes


that


…”其 中,“


skeptical


”的意思是“怀疑的,有疑问的”, 也就是“


questionable


有问


题的”的意思。



22. (B)


。 本题考点出自第


3


自然段。根据上下文,“

we can



t turn the clock ba ck


”意思是“我


们无法把时针反调回去”,也就是说,目前孩 子有焦虑的这个现实已经无法改变了。



23. (C)



本题考点出自第


1


自然段。



In fact,



, normal children age 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level


of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years age.


对比


50


年前的有


精神病的孩子,正常的孩子比他们更忧虑。”反过来说,有精 神病的孩子比正常的孩子遭受的忧虑少。



24. (C)


。本题考点出自第


4


5


自然段。第


4


自然段“


At the top of the list is nurturing a better


appreciation


of

< p>
individualism.


父母首先要做的是让孩子更好地、更多地与 人交往、沟通。”第


5


自然


段“


stronger connections with others


与他人更多地接触”,也就是,父母首先要做的是让孩子更多地


融入到社会当中。



25.


(A)


。综合全文,作者开篇提出问题——现在的孩子比以前的孩子更加忧虑,接着分析原因,最


后阐述解决的方法——父母可以帮助孩子减少压力和忧虑。


所以根据文章我们可以得到


“虽然忧虑是不可


避免的,但可以通过各种方式来解决、对付。 ”




22


B


23


C


24


C


25


A


* *


【难句分析】



1.


【句型分析】


I



m usually fairly skeptical about any research that



that


引导限制性定语从句,


修饰前面的


research



concludes that



that

< p>
引导


conclude


的宾语从句)


people are either happier or


(连词


or


连接


happier


unhappier


,表示选择)


unhappier or


(连词


or


连接


happier or unhappier



more or less certa in


,与前面的


either


构成搭配 ,表示选择)


more or


(连词


o r


连接


more


less



表示选择)


less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago.


【参考译文】我经常怀疑任何研究的结论说人们比


50


年前更快乐或更不快乐和更相信自己或更不


相信自己。(注意连词


or


的用法以及


that

的用法。)



2.


【句型分析】


Still, I was struck by a report which



which

< br>引导限制性定语从句,修饰前面的


report



concluded that



that


引导


conclude


的宾语从句)< /p>


today



s children are significantly more


anxious than children in the 1950s.


【参考译文】同时我对一份报告感到 很震惊,其中提到今天的孩子比


50


年代的孩子有明显的焦虑< /p>


感。(注意定语从句的用法和翻译以及


that

< br>引导的宾语从句的用法。)



3.


【句型分析】


The report cites two main causes: increasing physical isolation


–(破折号引出


插入语)


brought


on


by


high


divorce


rates


and


(连词


and


连接

high


divorce


rates



less


involvement



less involvement in community, among other things




and a growing perception


that



t hat


引导



perception< /p>


的同位语从句)


the world is a more dangerous place.


【参考译文】


报告中引证 了两个原因:


由于较高的离婚率和较少的参与社会和其它事情而造成的与


世隔绝;还有对世界是一个更加危险的环境的认知。


(注意冒号的用法,表示一 般特殊型,并注意同位从


句的识别和翻译。)




2004



1


月大学英语四级阅读理解第


2





Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:




It


is


easier


to


negotiate


initial


salary


requirement


because


once


you


are


inside,


the


organizational


constraints


(


约束


) influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain: your


chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you don



t at least ask for it. Men


tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just pay


increases. Consider Beth



s story:


I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. we had


cubicle


(


小隔间


) offices and


window offices. I sat in the cubicle with several male colleagues. One by one they were moved


into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles, several males who were hired after me also


went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it had been


part of his negotiations for the job. I uses they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I


did not voice my opinion either way.



It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but



nice




isn



t a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay,


you



ll probably have to ask for it.



Performance is your best bargaining


chip


(


筹码


) when you are seeking a raise. You must be


able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can


give your boss something he or she needs (a new client or a sizable contract, for example) just


before merit pay decisions are being made, you are more likely to get the raise you want.



Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market.


What will someone else pay for your services?


Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time


and prepared to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.




* *


26. According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should ____.



A) demonstrate his capability


B) give his boss a god impression


C) ask for as much money as he can


D) ask for the salary he hopes to get



27. What can be inferred from Beth



s story?


A) Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations.



B) If people want what they deserve, they have to ask for it.



C) People should not be content with what they have got.



D) People should be careful when negotiating for a job.




28. We can learn from the passage that ____.



A) unfairness exists in salary increases


B) most people are overworked and underpaid


C) one should avoid overstating one



s performance



D) most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises




29. To get a pay raise, a person should ____.



A) advertise himself on the job market


B) persuade his boss to sign a long- term contract


C) try to get inside information about the organization


D) do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions



30. To be successful in negotiations, one must ____.



A) meet his boss at the appropriate time



B) arrive at the negotiation table punctually



C) be good at influencing the outcome of the interaction



D) be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikes



2004



1


月大学英语四级真题第


2


篇注释




参考译文




在进入一家公司之前就谈妥你的工资要求要容易些,


原因是你一 旦工作了,


公司组织的约束会影响你


的加薪。然而有一点是确定 的:如果你不主动要求,那么你觉得你有资格加薪的机会实际要少得多。人们


主动要求想 得到更多就会得到更多。这一点对于其它回报也同样适用,而并不只针对加薪。让我们看一下

Beth


的例子。



我没有主动要 求就得不到我想要的。


公司有小隔间的办公间和单个带窗户的办公室。

< br>我和很多男同事


一起做在小隔间里。当我还留在小隔间时,他们一个接一个甚至比 我晚到公司的都搬入了单间的办公室。


他们其中一个告诉我,


他 在谈工作的时候就主动要求有一个办公室。


既然我没有用任何方式表达我的想法,


我就像他们认为的一样满足于呆在小隔间。



如果能够根据表现好而主动加薪那就好了,


但多数公司没有这样的好心。


如果你觉得你的表现应得到


加薪,就要主动提出来。



表现业绩是你要求加薪的最好筹码。你必须表现出你值得加薪。同样时间也是一个好筹码 。在公司要


根据雇员业绩做出加薪的决定之前,


你如果能给老板 他想要的某个东西——譬如说一个新客户或是一个数


额可观的合同,你就更有可能得到你 想要的加薪。



信息也可以作为一种筹码。在开放的市场中找出 你的价值。别人将为你的服务提供什么样的回报?



与老板进行 谈判要准备好在适当时机把筹码放在谈判桌上,运用一定的交流方法引导谈判的发展方


向 。




* *


26.


根据文章,一个人得到工作之前首先应该



____





A)


展示他的能力



B)


给他的老板一个好印象



C)


尽可能索要更多的钱



D)


要求他希望得到的薪水




27.


我们可以从


Bath


的例子得出什么结论?


A)


对女性的偏见在一些公司中仍然存在。



B)


人们想得到什么就要主动要求。



C)


人们不应满足于已有的一切。



D)


人们商谈一项工作时应仔细。




28.


我们可以从文章推理出



____





A)


加薪中存在不公正



B)


多数人工作过度劳累而报酬甚少



C)


不应夸大自己的表现



D)


多数公司自动给员工加薪




29.


为了得到加薪,应该



____





A)


在劳务市场自我推销



B)


劝说老板签一份长期合同



C)


设法获得有关公司的内部情报


< /p>


D)


在根据业务做出加薪决定之前做些事加深老板对你的印象




30.


为了在谈判中成功,应该



____





A)


在恰当的时间与老板见面



B)


准时到谈判桌



C)


擅长影响谈判的结果



D)


熟悉老板的好恶




【答案】



26


D



【注释】



本文属于一般阐述性的文章。中心议题是提薪(


wages < /p>


increases


),作者借


Beth


的经历说明想要


加薪或升职,就应该明确地提出要求。作者开篇 提出中心


wages increases


,接着第

< p>
2


自然段以


Beth


的< /p>


经历说明中心。第


3


自然段阐述自动提薪 。第


4



5



6


自然段阐述如果你要求提薪或升职,就应该做好


可以被加薪的准备。




【答案解析】



26. (D)


。本题考点出自第


1


自然段。“


It is easier to negotiable salary requirement


…在工作之前


应该对自己期望的薪金提出要求。”



27. (B)


。本题考点出自第


2



3


自然段。第

< p>
2


自然段阐述了


Beth


要求提薪的经历,他没有说出自己


27


B


28


A


29


D


30


C


* *


的要求。而第

< p>
3


自然段针对


Beth


的例子说明了“想要加薪或升职,就应该明确地提出要求。”即原文中


的“


you



ll probably have to ask for it.


你应该提出要求。”



28. (A)



本题考点出自第


2



3


自然段。< /p>


根据第


2


自然段的具体阐述以及第


3


自然段的



It would be


nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit

< br>。如果我们都能得到等同于我们的


价值的自动提薪,那当然是好事。”作者使用了 虚拟语气,暗示了只有我们自己要求提薪,老板是不会主


动给你提薪的,也就是“在提薪 方面存在着不公平的现象”。



29.


(D)


。本题考点出自第


4


自然段。 本段阐述了如果你要求提薪或升职,就应该做好准备,也就是



Performance is your best bargaining chip when you are seeking a raise.


好的表现是你要求提薪或

< br>晋升的最好的谈判砝码。”所以要求提薪或升职,就应该“在你的价值被认定以前做一些让老板印象深刻< /p>


的事情”。



30. (C)

< p>


本题考点出自第


6


自然 段。


“…


place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and


prepared to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.


在适当是时间把你



‘砝码’


摆出来,


而且准备好运用交流方式去引导互动谈话的方向,


(使得其往你 所期待的结果发展。




所以,要想谈 判成功,必须很好地影响(谈话)互动的结果。




【难句分析】



1.


【句型分析】


One by one they were moved into window offices, while


(表示前后的对 比,比


较)


I remained in the cubicles, several males who



who


引导限制性定语从句,修饰前面的


several


males



were hired after me also went to offices.


【参考译文】当我 还留在小隔间时,他们一个接一个甚至比我晚到公司的都搬入了单间的办公室。


他们其中 一个告诉我,他在谈工作的时候就主动要求有一个办公室。


(对比和比较是英语中作者常 常使用


的写作方法,在理解时需要注意作者对比的目的是为了强调哪一个方面,对比的目 的是为了说明什么问


题。)



2. < /p>


【句型分析】


If


if


引导条件状语从句)


you can give your boss something


(省略了


that< /p>


,引


导限制性定语从句,修饰前面的


so mething



he or she needs (a new client or a sizable contract, for


example) just before



before


引导时间状语从句)


merit pay decisions are being made, you are more


likely to get the raise


(省略了< /p>


that


,引导限制性定语从句,修饰前面的

raise



you want.


【参考译文】


在公司要根据雇员业绩做出加薪的决定之前,


你 如果能给老板他想要的某个东西——


譬如说一个新客户或是一个数额可观的合同,你就更 有可能得到你想要的加薪。(注意省略了


that


的定


语从句的识别和翻译方法。)



3.




型分


析】


Go


into


the


negotiations


prepared


(过去分词作后置定语,修饰前面的


negotiations



to


place


your


chips


on


the


table


at


the


appropriate


time


and


(连词


and


连接


prepared



prepared



prepar ed


to


use


communication


style


to


guide


the


direction


of


the


interaction.


【参考译文】

与老板进行谈判要准备好在适当时机把筹码放在谈判桌上,


运用一定的交流方法引导


谈判的发展方向。(注意分词作后置定语的用法和翻译。)




2004



1


月大学英语四级阅读理解第


3




Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:




When families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal traditions dating back


to Grandma



s generation. Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver, and the dress


code will be Sunday




best.



But in many other homes, this china-and-silver elegance has given way to a


stoneware


(




)-and- stainless informality, with dresses assuming an equally casual-Friday look. For hosts and

-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



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