-
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欢迎来到地球
Welcome to the planet Earth.
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--> 00:00:11,800
这个星球有蓝色的氮气天空
A
world of blue nitrogen skies,
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00:00:15,240
液态水的海洋
oceans of liquid water and
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和种类多到你无法想象的生物
more kinds of living things than you
can possibly imagine.
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00:00:21,430 --> 00:00:24,530
地球的生命之书有
40
亿年
You are the newest page in its four-
billion-year-old
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00:00:24,660 --> 00:00:26,400
你是最新的一页
book of
life.
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地球上的人都很年轻
We're
all very young here.
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和你一样
看不透宇宙的种种玄机
New,
like you, to the mysteries of the universe.
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--> 00:00:37,860
我们所知有限
希望你将来懂得更多
We hope
someday you will add to the little we know.
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看得出你的未来
I can see
a future for you that is,
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00:00:43,360
在许多方面
会比至今每一代的人
in many
ways, longer and brighter,
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更加长久
光明
也更自由
and more
free than any human generation has ever
experienced.
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00:00:50,530 --> 00:00:53,160
我也察觉到危险
I also
sense danger.
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这不是什么新鲜事
That's
nothing new here.
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地球一向危险
It's
always been that way.
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00:00:57,300 --> 00:01:00,030
活着就有某种程度的危险
To be
alive is to be in some measure of jeopardy.
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00:01:01,560
--> 00:01:03,830
生命是危险的
Life is dangerous.
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00:01:06,860
不分世代
不分时代
In every generation, in every time,
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--> 00:01:10,330
不分地点
everywhere on Earth.
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我们的物种和地球的其他生物
Our species, and our fellow Earthlings,
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--> 00:01:14,730
已经度过了
have gotten through the tough times,
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--> 00:01:17,260
前景黯淡的困顿时代
when the prospects for life looked
bleak.
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我们想办法熬过来了
Somehow, we manage to endure.
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00:01:22,160
--> 00:01:24,860
现在我们要保护你
And now, we want to protect you,
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00:01:25,700
--> 00:01:30,660
还有和你一起在今天诞生的
36
万兄弟姐妹
and your
360,000 brothers and sisters also born on this
day.
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我要告诉你许多这个世界的故事
I
have so much to tell you about our world.
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--> 00:01:39,060
有的故事很吓人
Some of
these stories are frightening.
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00:01:41,830
不过别怕
But don't be afraid.
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我们一定有办法
We'll find a way.
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00:02:36,200
贝壳字幕组正在招人啦
若你在片源翻译后期压制美工运营
等任意方面有兴趣或专长
并且喜欢影视剧
欢迎前来加入我们！
详情请见字幕组频道
:
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--> 00:02:44,900
贝壳字幕组译制
转载请注明出处
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00:02:44,360
翻译
:
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00:02:39,240 -->
00:02:44,360
校对
:
川大毕同学
后期：鲁卡
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00:02:39,240 -->
00:02:44,360
Sail
亡灵
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字幕组频道：
/bkzmz
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宇宙
未知世界
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从哪里说起呢
Where do I begin?
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你出生之前发生了很多事
So much has happened before you got
here.
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幸好我们的祖先想出办法
Fortunately, our ancestors figured out
a way to reach all
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00:02:58,360 --> 00:03:02,530
重新回到遥远的过去
the way
back in time to piece together the great story of
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--> 00:03:04,960
拼凑出地球本身精彩的童年故事
our planet's own childhood.
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00:03:08,060
和后来种种神奇的经历
And the amazing things that have
happened since.
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这个故事叫
科学
< br>也是你与生俱来的权利
It's called
science, and it's your birthright.
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很难相信这个壮观的世界曾经是一片火海
It's hard to believe that all of this
grandeur was once a sea of fire.
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来
我带你去看
Come, I'll
show you.
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00:03:29,930 --> 00:03:33,360
明年的此时
你就满周岁了
This time
next year, you'll have your first birthday.
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00:03:33,860
--> 00:03:36,530
代表你已经完成了绕行太阳之旅
That means you will have completed one
whole trip
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00:03:36,660 --> 00:03:39,160
也就是一个地球年
around
the Sun, which is what an Earth year is.
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00:03:40,560
--> 00:03:43,050
为了了解宇宙巨大的时间刻度和我们这个小星球
To understand the vast time scale of
the cosmos,
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我们把整段历史
and our
little world, we've squished all of time into the
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--> 00:03:47,800
压缩成日历上的一年
scale of a single year.
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这就是我们脚下这块地方
And that's where we are now.
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--> 00:03:53,000
宇宙历
On the Cosmic
Calendar.
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00:03:53,660 --> 00:03:56,360
每个月代表十亿年稍多
Every
month is a little more than a billion years,
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--> 00:04:00,230
每一天代表将近四千万年
every day a little less than forty
million.
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00:04:01,260 --> 00:04:06,000
宇宙历的一小时差不多是两百万年
A
single hour on this calendar is almost two million
years.
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地球在火焰中诞生
Earth
was born in fire.
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炽热的核心是熊熊大火
Fires
within its seething heart.
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00:04:17,600 -->
00:04:22,400
巨大的岩石和冰块在猛烈撞击后爆炸
And great balls of rock and ice that
explode in fiery impact.
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00:04:24,600 --> 00:04:27,400
有一块岩石和火星差不多大
One
was almost as big as Mars,
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00:04:27,760 -->
00:04:30,230
它撞击地球的时候
形成了月亮
and when it
struck Earth, it formed the Moon.
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00:04:38,100
但别担心
小家伙
But not to
worry, little one
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00:04:38,250 --> 00:04:42,650
因为那些火球来自早期混乱的太阳系
because those fireballs were part of
the chaotic early solar system.
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00:04:43,130 -->
00:04:45,130
在后来的几十亿年里
In the billions of years since,
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00:04:45,260
--> 00:04:48,030
其他星球脱离了这些火球的轨道
the other worlds swept free the lanes
of their orbits.
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00:04:48,900 --> 00:04:52,760
所以现在的太阳系是相对平静的地方
So our solar system is a relatively
peaceful place now.
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00:04:56,030 --> 00:04:58,630
最初的
5
亿年过去
After its first half billion years,
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00:04:58,760
--> 00:05:01,630
当时地球转动的速度比现在快
Earth was spinning faster than it does
today.
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00:05:02,830 --> 00:05:06,560
那时的白昼很短
将近
6
小时
The days were shorter, merely six hours
long.
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00:05:09,330 --> 00:05:11,660
月地距离是现在的十分之一
The
Moon was ten times closer,
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对年轻星球的引力比现在大多了
and its gravitational grip on the young
planet was much stronger.
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00:05:19,330
地球有史以来最大的潮汐波
The shores of the land were battered by
the largest tidal
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剧烈拍打着陆地的海岸
waves
the world has ever known.
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00:05:22,130 -->
00:05:25,000
波浪比现在大一千倍
A thousand times greater than they are
today.
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幼年期的地球不适合我们居住
The
infant Earth was no place for us then.
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00:05:34,400
大气层主要是二氧化碳
甲烷和氨
The
atmosphere was mostly carbon dioxide, methane, and
ammonia,
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这个环境会毒害我们这种生物
a
toxic environment for our kind of life.
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00:05:38,830
--> 00:05:41,330
不知道当时的气候如何
We don't know what the climate was like
back then,
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00:05:41,460 --> 00:05:43,330
但科学家推测那时候
but
scientists reason that the thick,
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00:05:43,460 --> 00:05:46,700
浓厚
朦胧的大气层困住地球的热能
hazy atmosphere trapped the heat of the
Earth and
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让它炽热不已
made it
scorching hot.
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00:05:49,830 --> 00:05:53,430
另外一种生物
一种可以摆脱甲烷
Another
kind of life, tiny creatures that could shrug off
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把二氧化碳和阳光当早餐吃的小生物
the methane and eat carbon dioxide and
sunlight for breakfast,
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00:05:58,330 --> 00:06:01,200
找到了在海洋中的生存之道
found a way to make a living in the
ocean.
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00:06:03,100 --> 00:06:05,260
那些细小生物叫蓝细菌
And
those scrappy little cyanobacteria,
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00:06:05,400 -->
00:06:08,400
它们改造了整个地球
as they're known, remade the whole
planet.
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吸收二氧化碳
排出氧气
By gobbling
up the carbon dioxide,
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把天空变成蓝色
and
giving off oxygen, they turned the sky blue.
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00:06:16,560 --> 00:06:18,120
大量的氧气
All that
oxygen
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00:06:18,120 --> 00:06:21,500
摧毁了包裹地球的甲烷罩
destroyed the methane shroud that
enveloped our planet.
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00:06:21,630 --> 00:06:23,660
地球变得很凉爽
And it
was cool.
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00:06:24,160 --> 00:06:26,000
不像现在这么凉爽
Not as
cool as it is now,
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00:06:26,000 --> 00:06:29,760
应该说一年四季都是非常炎热的夏天
but more like a really hot summer day
year-round.
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00:06:29,900 --> 00:06:32,030
然后奇迹出现了
And then
something wonderful happened.
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00:06:33,230 -->
00:06:36,260
海洋里的小生物制造的氧原子
The atoms of oxygen that the tiny
creatures in the ocean
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开始在高高的天空聚集
produced began to gather high above the
world in the sky.
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制造出一种新分子
And a new kind of molecule
was made.
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00:06:45,060 --> 00:06:46,960
臭氧
Ozone.
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00:06:47,100
--> 00:06:49,700
臭氧创造了隐形的遮蔽
It created an invisible canopy against
those rays of
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00:06:49,830 --> 00:06:52,100
抵挡致命的太阳射线
the Sun
that were lethal.
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00:06:52,230 --> 00:06:54,450
这是史上第一次
Now, for
the first time
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生物可以离开海洋
登上陆地
life was
free to leave the oceans for the land.
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00:07:04,260
不久之后
生物掌握了这些新的契机
And
before long, life seized these new opportunities.
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00:07:11,800
--> 00:07:15,930
为了适应这些新的栖息地
A wild variety of shapes and sizes
evolved as adaptations
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00:07:16,060 --> 00:07:18,530
生物演化出各种各样的形状和大小
to these new habitats.
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00:07:18,860 -->
00:07:22,730
长出耳朵
鼻子
翅膀
And there were ears and noses and
wings.
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00:07:30,900 --> 00:07:33,500
介绍你认识另一种地球生物
I'd
like you to meet a fellow Earthling,
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00:07:34,200 -->
00:07:37,600
是和你八杆子打不着的远亲
a very distant relative of yours.
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00:07:37,960
--> 00:07:39,930
你只来到世上一天
You've only been here a day,
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00:07:40,060
--> 00:07:43,660
但甲虫已经活了三亿年
but beetles have been here for 300
million years.
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00:07:45,600 --> 00:07:48,160
目睹了这个世界的种种变化
And
the changes they've seen on this world...
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00:07:50,830
--> 00:07:54,300
比起甲虫
人类存在的时间微不足道
Our
kind has only been here for a fraction of that
amount of time,
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00:07:55,360 --> 00:07:58,900
在宇宙年的除夕晚上
11
点
11:00 on New Year's Eve of the cosmic
year.
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00:07:59,030 --> 00:08:02,660
我们的祖先第一次站起来
That's when our ancestors stood up for
the first time.
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00:08:02,800
--> 00:08:05,830
所以被称为直立人
We call them
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00:08:06,700 --> 00:08:10,200
他们再也不必被迫凝视脚底下的泥巴
They were no longer forced to stare at
the mud beneath their feet.
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00:08:10,730 -->
00:08:14,300
现在可以抬头仰望星辰
Now, they could look up and see the
stars,
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00:08:14,860 --> 00:08:17,330
可以空出双手来改变世界
and
their hands were free to change the world.
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00:08:17,460
--> 00:08:19,930
他们开始到处迁移
探索
They began to
move around, to explore,
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00:08:20,060 -->
00:08:24,100
不惜赔上全副家当
前往未知的世界
daring to
risk everything to get to unknown places.
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00:08:25,360
--> 00:08:27,400
他们很勇敢
They were brave.
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00:08:27,530 -->
00:08:30,330
你身上流着他们的血
And their blood runs in your veins.
123
00:08:32,160
--> 00:08:35,030
有人探索辽阔的非洲大陆
Some of them explored the vast
continent of Africa.
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00:08:35,960
--> 00:08:39,530
有人往北走
往左进入欧洲
Others
ranged north, taking a left turn into Europe.
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00:08:41,500
--> 00:08:44,330
证据显示
他们后来演化成消失的人类
There is evidence that they would later
evolve into the
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00:08:44,460 --> 00:08:47,100
尼安德塔人
lost people
we call Neanderthals.
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00:08:48,360 --> 00:08:50,500
不知道他们如何称呼自己
We
have no idea what they called themselves,
128
00:08:50,630
--> 00:08:52,960
但这个名称来自他们古老的遗骸
but we named them after the place in
Germany where
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00:08:53,100 --> 00:08:55,330
在他们于德国首次出土的地方
we
first discovered their ancient remains.
130
00:08:57,230
--> 00:09:00,360
人类另一个更神秘的支系
Another even more mysterious branch of
our family
131
00:09:00,500 --> 00:09:03,030
往右进入亚洲
took a
right turn into Asia.
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00:09:03,360 --> 00:09:06,630
演化成所谓的丹尼索瓦人
And
they evolved into people we call the Denisovans.
133
00:09:08,860 --> 00:09:10,130
但你和我
But you and
I,
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00:09:10,260 --> 00:09:12,930
还有其他人类的兄弟姐妹
and
all our other human brothers and sisters,
135
00:09:13,060
--> 00:09:15,060
我们的祖先主要是在非洲
were mainly descended from the people
who stayed in
136
00:09:15,200 --> 00:09:18,000
继续停留
150
万年的人
Africa for another million and a half
years.
137
00:09:19,100 --> 00:09:22,430
当然
我们和其他家族支系
大多有少许共同血缘
Sure,
most
of
us
have
a
little
blood
from
the
other
branches
of
the
family,
138
00:09:23,530 -->
00:09:26,300
但我们主要是非洲儿女
but we are mostly the children of
Africa.
139
00:09:27,000 --> 00:09:29,760
要看我们这种人类如何散播到全球
To see how our kind spread out around
the planet,
140
00:09:29,900 --> 00:09:31,860
要等到更接近午夜的时候
we
have to go even closer to midnight.
141
00:09:32,630 -->
00:09:34,230
11
点
5
5
分
11:55.
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00:09:34,360 --> 00:09:36,400
或者说是
15
万年前左右
Or about 150,000 years ago.
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00:09:39,660 -->
00:09:43,460
再过一分半钟就是午夜
It is now a minute and a half to
midnight.
144
00:09:49,700 --> 00:09:52,460
直到四万年前
Until
about 40,000 years ago,
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00:09:52,600 --> 00:09:56,600
尼安德塔亲戚的生活都和我们差不多
our Neanderthal relatives lived very
much as we did.
146
00:09:57,030 --> 00:09:59,230
他们的脑部比我们大
They
had bigger brains than we do,
147
00:09:59,360 -->
00:10:00,800
身体也更强壮
and were brawnier,
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00:10:00,930 -->
00:10:05,020
但依然有很多我们认为是人类的行为
but they did many of the things that we
think of as being human.
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00:10:06,100 -->
00:10:11,900
我们大多数人身上还有他们的少量基因
Most of us still carry some tiny
portion of their genes inside us.
150
00:10:12,660 -->
00:10:15,160
但现在尼安德塔人已经不存在
But
there are no more living Neanderthals today.
151
00:10:16,030
--> 00:10:17,700
我们另一帮亲戚
Nor are there any of our other cousins,
152
00:10:17,830
--> 00:10:19,660
丹尼索瓦人也灭绝了
the Denisovans.
153
00:10:20,200 -->
00:10:24,300
一旦发生这种事
整个物种消失
When this
happens, when a whole species vanishes...
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00:10:24,430
--> 00:10:26,900
我们称之为灭绝
we call it extinction.
155
00:10:27,860 -->
00:10:32,130
就此终结了
40
< br>亿年前
It's the end of a
road that began four billion years ago
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00:10:32,530 -->
00:10:34,930
生物起源所展开的旅程
with the origin of life.
157
00:10:37,860 -->
00:10:39,930
我们不知道他们为什么灭绝
We don't know why they died out.
158
00:10:40,460
--> 00:10:43,130
只知道他们从未跨出
We do know that they never ranged
beyond the ocean
159
00:10:43,260
--> 00:10:45,360
栖息地的海岸线
coastlines of their environment.
160
00:10:45,900
--> 00:10:49,600
也许这些原始人亲戚只是比我们知足一点
Maybe our hominid cousins were just a
bit more contented,
161
00:10:49,730 --> 00:10:52,800
没有我们焦虑
比我们更加平静
less
anxious and more at peace than we are.
162
00:10:53,800 -->
00:10:56,630
也许我们人类是因为内心的不安
Maybe it's a restlessness that prods us
humans to
163
00:10:56,760 --> 00:10:58,630
才选择了未知
choose the
unknown.
164
00:10:58,760 --> 00:11:02,530
某种强大的力量促使我们的祖先
Some powerful force moved our ancestors
to daring
165
00:11:02,660 --> 00:11:04,360
展开大无畏的壮举
feats of
courage.
166
00:11:04,500 --> 00:11:08,530
他们横越大洋
并不知道彼岸是什么世界
They
crossed great oceans with no idea of what lay on
the other side,
167
00:11:09,330 --> 00:11:13,000
把我们人类带到地球每一块大陆
carrying our people to every continent
on Earth.
168
00:11:13,530 -->
00:11:16,230
甚至上了月球
And even to the Moon.
169
00:11:16,500 -->
00:11:18,660
到了宇宙年的最后一秒
By the last second of the cosmic year,
170
00:11:18,800
--> 00:11:22,730
人类踏遍了地球的每一个角落
there was no place on Earth that we had
left untouched.
171
00:11:25,230 --> 00:11:28,960
自从几十亿年前
出现单细胞的蓝细菌以后
We
became the first species to remake the planet
since the
172
00:11:29,100 --> 00:11:33,100
我们是第一个改造世界的物种
one-celled cyanobacteria did billions
of years ago.
173
00:11:33,700 --> 00:11:37,260
改变海洋
陆地和大气层
To change
the oceans, the land and the atmosphere.
174
00:11:38,830
--> 00:11:43,230
这些改变带来新的大灭绝
And these changes have led to a new
mass extinction.
175
00:11:43,360 --> 00:11:46,200
科学界审视证据
The
scientific community has looked at the evidence,
176
00:11:46,330
--> 00:11:49,930
认为必须给我们的时代取一个新名字
and decided our age needs a new name.
177
00:11:50,300 --> 00:11:52,730
人类世
The
Anthropocene.
178
00:11:52,860 --> 00:11:55,400
人类
出自希腊文中的
人
179
00:11:55,400 -->
00:11:58,270
世
出自希腊文中的
最近
and
180
00:11:58,900 --> 00:12:01,700
它反映了人类对环境与生物
It
reflects our global impact on the environment and
181
00:12:01,830
--> 00:12:04,100
产生的全球性影响
the life it sustains.
182
00:12:04,230 -->
00:12:07,060
对于人类世的起点
各界意见不一
There's
disagreement about when it began,
183
00:12:07,200 -->
00:12:09,630
谁也不知道最后会如何发展
and nobody knows how it will turn out.
184
00:12:11,360
--> 00:12:13,400
新年快乐
小家伙
Happy New
Year, little one.
185
00:12:13,530 --> 00:12:16,800
欢迎来到人类世
Welcome to the
Anthropocene.
186
00:12:23,930 --> 00:12:26,230
看得出你前途远大
小家伙
I see a great
future for you, little one.
187
00:12:27,460 -->
00:12:29,700
但也有阴影笼罩
But a shadow hangs over it.
188
00:12:30,230 -->
00:12:32,630
我们不确定黑暗何时出现
We're not exactly sure when the
darkening began.
189
00:12:34,130 --> 00:12:38,220
我们什么时候变成了一种自然力
When did we become a force of nature,
altering the skies,
190
00:12:38,220 --> 00:12:40,960
改变了地球的天空
海洋和陆地
the seas
and the land of the planet?
191
00:12:42,300 -->
00:12:45,230
人类世的时代从什么时候开始？
When did the age of the Anthropocene
begin?
192
00:12:46,360 --> 00:12:48,860
有人说是从这种地方开始
Some
would say that it started in places like this one,
193
00:12:49,760
--> 00:12:52,160
大概一万多年前
more than 10,000 years ago.
194
00:12:53,200 -->
00:12:56,340
我们的祖先画出这些长毛象和剑齿虎
Did our ancestors paint these images of
mammoths and
195
00:12:56,460 --> 00:13:00,400
还有大地懒的图像
saber-
tooth tigers and giant sloths to somehow keep
their
196
00:13:00,530 --> 00:13:04,130
是不是想在杀光这些动物之后不忘记它们
memory alive after slaughtering the
last of them?
197
00:13:06,400 --> 00:13:09,100
人类造成物种灭绝不是新鲜事了
Human-caused extinction is nothing new.
198
00:13:09,630
--> 00:13:12,160
但其实不能怪我们的祖先
But we can't really blame our
ancestors.
199
00:13:12,300 --> 00:13:14,900
他们怎么知道杀死这只或者那只动物
How could they know that this or that
kill meant
200
00:13:15,030 --> 00:13:18,160
会导致整个物种的消失
the
end of an entire species?
201
00:13:19,160 -->
00:13:22,300
我怀疑人类世的起点
I wonder, maybe the Anthropocene
started with the
202
00:13:22,430 --> 00:13:25,200
也许是人类播下第一颗种子
first seed that was planted in the
ground,
203
00:13:25,530 -->
00:13:28,400
带动农业革命的时候
and the agricultural revolution that
followed.
204
00:13:29,060 --> 00:13:32,200
在此之前
地球有
2
倍的树木
Before
that time, the world had twice as many trees to
205
00:13:32,330
--> 00:13:36,060
把地球的二氧化碳变成氧气
convert the Earth's carbon dioxide into
oxygen.
206
00:13:36,200 --> 00:13:38,130
发明了农业之后
With the
invention of agriculture
207
00:13:38,260 -->
00:13:42,330
我们的祖先不再四处漫游
our ancestors stopped wandering to
settle down into
208
00:13:42,460 --> 00:13:45,900
而是在农场和城市定居
farms
and cities.
209
00:13:50,160 --> 00:13:53,130
这里是加泰土丘
This is
?atalh?yük.
210
00:13:53,260 --> 00:13:55,530
最早出现的城市之一
It was
one of the earliest cities.
211
00:13:56,330 -->
00:13:59,600
9
千年前差不多就是这个样子
This is how it looked about 9,000 years
ago.
212
00:14:00,300 -->
00:14:04,400
人类移居室内
改变了我们与大自然的关系
The
great move indoors changed our relationship to
nature.
213
00:14:05,130 --> 00:14:06,420
那些炉床
Those
hearths
214
00:14:06,550 --> 00:14:09,900
那些为祖先温暖陋室的火
those
fires that warmed the small dwellings of our
ancestors...
215
00:14:10,030 --> 00:14:12,200
是人类世的起点吗
were
they the beginning?
216
00:14:12,900 --> 00:14:15,360
那些小炉火冒出的烟
The
smoke from those small fires did little to
217
00:14:15,500
--> 00:14:17,260
几乎没有改变大气层
alter the atmosphere.
218
00:14:17,400 -->
00:14:19,000
但几千年以后
But over thousands of years,
219
00:14:19,130
--> 00:14:21,160
我们的人口指数级增长
our numbers grew exponentially,
220
00:14:21,700
--> 00:14:24,260
直到我们排到大气层的二氧化碳
until we were cranking out enough
carbon dioxide
221
00:14:24,300 -->
00:14:27,200
足以暖化全世界
into the atmosphere to warm the whole
world.
222
00:14:29,200 --> 00:14:31,230
人类世的起点
Did the
Anthropocene begin with
223
00:14:31,360 --> 00:14:33,500
是从人类驯化动物开始吗
the
domestication of animals?
224
00:14:33,930 -->
00:14:37,300
牛把野草变成甲烷
Cattle convert wild grasses into
methane,
225
00:14:37,430 --> 00:14:39,860
这种气体也在改变气候
another gas that changes the climate.
226
00:14:40,000
--> 00:14:43,300
这种改变发生在体内
在牛消化食物的时候
It
happens inside them when they're digesting their
meals.
227
00:14:43,430 --> 00:14:47,060
但我们一直到现代科学时期才发现这点
But nobody would figure this out until
the modern scientific era.
228
00:14:47,800 -->
00:14:50,630
几头牛能有什么害处
How could a few head of cattle do any
harm,
229
00:14:51,260 --> 00:14:53,520
更别说是彻底改变地球了
let alone change Earth so
radically?
230
00:14:54,460 --> 00:14:56,920
我们的祖先想养家糊口
Our
ancestors wanted to feed their families,
231
00:14:57,000
--> 00:15:00,060
确保子女不会挨饿
and make sure that the little ones
would not go hungry.
232
00:15:00,800 --> 00:15:02,600
可以活下去
That they
would live.
233
00:15:04,960 --> 00:15:07,630
在中国
大约四千年前
In China,
around 4,000 years ago,
234
00:15:07,760 --> 00:15:10,500
一项重大发现改变了世界
a
world-changing discovery was made.
235
00:15:10,830 -->
00:15:13,640
那里有一种石头可以当做燃料燃烧
There were rocks that you could burn
for fuel
236
00:15:13,840 --> 00:15:16,100
驱除寒气和湿气
to drive
away the cold and the damp.
237
00:15:17,300 -->
00:15:20,240
这些石头其实是一种碳残留
These rocks were actually the carbon
remains
238
00:15:20,280 --> 00:15:24,560
来自几百万年前死亡之后
of
plants and trees that had died hundreds of
millions of years before,
239
00:15:24,560 -->
00:15:27,430
深埋地底的植物和树木
and lay buried in the earth.
240
00:15:27,930
--> 00:15:31,530
是不是碳的发现开启了人类世
?
Was the discovery of coal the beginning
of the Anthropocene?
241
00:15:32,260 --> 00:15:34,880
碳变得越来越重要
Coal
became increasingly important
242
00:15:34,920 -->
00:15:38,180
为锻造车间
铸造厂和住所提供能量
to
power forges and foundries and homes.
243
00:15:39,460 -->
00:15:43,480
或者人类世其实是大约一千年后
Or did the Anthropocene really get
going about 1,000 years later,
244
00:15:43,830 -->
00:15:47,300
以全亚洲的人开始种稻为起点
when people all over Asia began to grow
rice?
245
00:15:48,200 --> 00:15:49,860
这种巧妙的技术
This
ingenious technique,
246
00:15:50,000 --> 00:15:53,700
包括把秧苗移植到水田
which
involves transplanting seedlings into flooded
paddies,
247
00:15:53,900 -->
00:15:56,130
被称为
搅
浆
is called
248
00:15:56,400 -->
00:15:59,260
这些辛苦的农夫不可能知道
There was no way for these hardworking
farmers to know
249
00:15:59,400 --> 00:16:03,740
这种种稻的方法和牛一样
that
this particular method of growing rice, like the
cattle,
250
00:16:03,800 --> 00:16:08,360
将来每年会制造数千万吨的甲烷
would someday produce tens of millions
of tons of methane per year.
251
00:16:09,000 -->
00:16:11,560
淹水的土壤失去氧气
The flooded soil loses oxygen,
252
00:16:11,620
--> 00:16:14,720
然后肉眼看不见的小小微生物
and
then tiny, invisible creatures, microbes,
253
00:16:14,860
--> 00:16:17,800
分解植物质
产生甲烷
digest the
plant matter and produce methane.
254
00:16:15,290 -->
00:16:22,360
*
根据联合国粮农组织
2014
年的数据
21
世纪
10
年代里
来自畜牧业的
温室气体排放量约占总量的
2/3
而来自水稻的温室气体为
1/10
255
00:16:18,660
--> 00:16:22,530
水稻的叶子向大气层排放更多的甲烷
The leaves of the rice plants release
more methane into the atmosphere.
256
00:16:23,930 -->
00:16:26,860
这些早期的农夫不可能看到
These early farmers had no way of
seeing
257
00:16:27,000 --> 00:16:29,630
这些微不足道的变化
what
was happening on the scale of the very small.
258
00:16:30,500
--> 00:16:35,860
同样的
他们只是想养活自己和彼此
Again, they were just trying to feed
themselves and each other.
259
00:16:40,760 -->
00:16:43,000
世上有各式各样的书写
There's all kinds of writing.
260
00:16:43,130
--> 00:16:45,450
而这是时间的书写方式
This is how time writes.
261
00:16:45,930 -->
00:16:48,030
只要知道怎么解读时间的字母
If you know how to read time's
alphabet,
262
00:16:48,160 --> 00:16:52,060
就能重建地球伟大的历史
you
can reconstruct events in the great story of the
planet.
263
00:16:52,530 --> 00:16:54,880
这个英雄传奇最精彩的段落
The
most dramatic passage in this saga
264
00:16:55,160 --> 00:16:59,420
不是用鲜艳的色彩书写
而是灰白色
is not
written in the brightest colors, but in pale
white.
265
00:17:00,130 --> 00:17:04,080
这种灰白线条是一种史诗
This
pale white line is kind of an epic poem.
266
00:17:04,330
--> 00:17:07,280
叙述泰坦族死亡的传奇故事
It
tells the saga of the death of titans,
267
00:17:08,030 -->
00:17:09,760
在全球各地
all over the planet.
268
00:17:09,900 -->
00:17:13,300
这一层在别处很罕见的金属叫做
<
/p>
铱
This layer of an
otherwise rare metal called iridium,
269
00:17:13,420 -->
00:17:18,700
代表
6600
万年前白垩纪的终结
signifies the
end of the Cretaceous chapter some 66 million
years ago.
270
00:17:19,030 --> 00:17:26,160
恐龙及全球四分之三的动植物在这时灭绝
This is when dinosaurs,
and
three quarters
of
all the
plants
and animals
became
extinct.
271
00:17:26,280 --> 00:17:28,560
地质学界有一个习惯
There's
a custom among geologists.
272
00:17:28,700 -->
00:17:30,940
如果发现了一层岩石
If you find a layer in the earth that
indicates
273
00:17:30,980 -->
00:17:33,740
代表了任何一种物种的化石
the boundary of the first or last time
of
274
00:17:33,760 --> 00:17:35,730
在土壤中能被发现的范围边界
that the fossils any species can be
found,
275
00:17:35,860 --> 00:17:39,330
就用一枚金钉子做记号
you
mark it with a
276
00:17:39,930 --> 00:17:42,230
用锤子钉在岩石里
You
drive it into the rock with a hammer.
277
00:17:42,360 -->
00:17:45,060
如果我们生活在人类世
If we are living in the Anthropocene,
278
00:17:45,200
--> 00:17:48,330
人类制造灭绝的时代
the age of human- caused extinction,
279
00:17:48,600
--> 00:17:52,760
我们要把金钉子钉在哪里呢
what
wall do we drive our golden spike into?
280
00:17:56,860
--> 00:18:00,260
钉在我身上
小家伙
It's in me,
little one.
281
00:18:00,600 --> 00:18:03,930
我出生的时候
和你一样
刚出生一天
When I was brand new, just
like you, only a day old,
282
00:18:04,060 -->
00:18:08,760
两个超级强权在世界各地打来打去
there were two great superpowers
fighting over the planet.
283
00:18:08,900 -->
00:18:15,130
他们都愿意摧毁全世界来宣示自己的主导权
They were both willing to destroy
everything to assert their dominance.
284
00:18:15,260 -->
00:18:17,320
在我出生那天
On the very day I was born,
285
00:18:17,580 -->
00:18:21,320
两国在大气层引爆核武器
both nations exploded nuclear weapons
in the atmosphere
286
00:18:21,460 --> 00:18:23,980
只为了证明自己有多强大
just
to show how strong they were.
287
00:18:24,960 -->
00:18:27,540
在后来的几十年间
And those were only a few of the
thousands that were
288
00:18:27,540 --> 00:18:30,260
又引爆几千枚核炸弹
detonated over a period of decades.
289
00:18:31,000
--> 00:18:34,260
炸弹释放锶
90
The bombs gave off strontium 90,
290
00:18:34,660
--> 00:18:38,360
这种原子因为核能过量而不稳定
an
atom made unstable by its excess nuclear energy.
291
00:18:38,500
--> 00:18:41,040
被称为放射性同位素
It's called a radioactive isotope.
292
00:18:41,260
--> 00:18:44,630
可以污染全球的母乳
It polluted mother's milk all over the
planet.
293
00:18:45,200 --> 00:18:50,040
哺育像你这样的婴儿的母亲拒绝活在这种恐惧中
Mothers nursing babies like you refused
to live with this horror.
294
00:18:50,080 -->
00:18:56,330
*
指《部分禁止核试验条约》
295
00:18:50,080 --> 00:18:56,330
她们联合起来抗议
最后在
1963
年签订一项条约
They joined together to protest until a
treaty was signed in 1963.
296
00:18:56,960 -->
00:18:59,400
我和我这一代的所有人
I, and my whole generation,
297
00:18:59,530 -->
00:19:02,400
我们体内的组织
carry an excess of another radioactive
isotope
298
00:19:02,530 --> 00:19:05,100
含有过量的另一种放射性元素
in
the tissues of our bodies.
299
00:19:05,230 --> 00:19:07,800
叫做碳
14
It's called
carbon 14.
300
00:19:07,930 --> 00:19:11,900
假如我疯了
或是忘记自己的年纪
So if I
ever lose my mind, or forget how old I am,
301
00:19:12,030
--> 00:19:14,120
听听我出生当天那些核爆的回声
the echoes of those nuclear explosions
302
00:19:14,160
--> 00:19:18,000
就知道我几岁了
on the day of my birth would tell you
my age.
303
00:19:19,100 --> 00:19:21,780
我体内这些金钉子
Does
this
304
00:19:22,040 --> 00:19:25,700
是否标示了人类世的起点
?
signify the beginning of the
Anthropocene?
305
00:19:26,400 --> 00:19:29,300
人类世是这时候开始的吗
Is
that when it began?
306
00:19:29,730 --> 00:19:31,080
大气层核试验结束了
The
atmospheric testing ended,
307
00:19:31,140 -->
00:19:33,930
但我们在继续摧毁自己的家园
but we just kept on trashing our home.