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中学英语
200
组积极词汇辨析小结
1.
clothes,
cloth,
clothing
c
lothes
统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数，
cloth
指布，为不可数名词
clothing
服装的总称，指一件衣
服用
a
piece
of,
an
article
of
2.
incident,
accident
incident
指小事件
,
accident
指不幸的事故
He
was
killed
in
the
accident.
3.
amount,
number
amount
后接不可数名词，
number
后接可数名词
a
number
of
students
4.
family,
house,
home
home
家，包括住处和
家人，
house
房子，住宅，
fam
ily
家庭成员
.
My
family
is
a
happy
one.
5.
sound,
voice,
noise
sound
自然界各种各
样的声音，
voice
人的嗓音，
no
ise
噪音
I
hate
the
loud
noise
outside.
6.
photo,
picture,
drawing
photo
用照相机
拍摄的照片，
picture
可指相片，图片，电影片，
drawing
画的画
Let's
go
and
see
a
good
picture.
7.
vocabulary,
word
vocabulary
词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，
word<
/p>
具体的单词
He
has
a
large
vocabulary.
8.
population,
people
population
人口，人数，
people
具体的人
China
has
a
large
population.
9.
weather,
climate
weather
一天内具体的天气状况，
climate
长期的气候状况
The
climate
here
is
not
good
for
you.
10.
road,
street,
path,
way
road
具体的公路，马路，
stre
et
街道，
path
小路，小径，
way
道路，途径
take
this
road;
in
the
street,
show
me
the
way
to
the
museum.
11.
course,
subject
c
ourse
课程（可包括多门科目），
subject
科目（具体的学科）
a
summer
course
12.
custom,
habit
cus
tom
传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接
to
do
，
ha
bit
生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接
of
doing.
I'v
e
got
the
habit
of
drinking
a
lot.
13.
cause,
reason
cause
指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接
of
sth./doing
sth
，
reason
用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，
后接
for
sth./doing
sth.
the
reason
for
being
late
14.
exercise,
exercises,
practice
< br>exercise
运动，锻炼（不可数），
exerci
ses
练习（可数），
practice
（反复做的）练习
Practice
makes
perfect.
15.
class,
lesson
作
课
解时
,
两者可以替换
.
指课文
用
lesson.
指班级或全体学生用
class.
lesson
6;
class
5
16.
speech,
talk,
lecture
spe
ech
指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，
talk
日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，
lecture
学术
性的演讲，讲课
a
ser
ies
of
lecture
on…
17.
officer,
official
officer
部
队的军官，
official
政府官员
an
army
officer
18.
work,
job
二者均指工作。
work
不可数，
job
可数
a
good
job
19.
couple,
pair
coup
le
主要指人或动物，
pair
多指由
两部分组成的东西
a
pair
of
trousers
20.
country,
nation,
state,
land
count
ry
侧重指版图，疆域，
nation
指人民，国民，民族，
state
侧重指政府，政体，
land
国土，国家
The
w
hole
nation
was
sad
at
the
news.
21.
cook,
cooker
cook
厨师，
cooker
厨具
He
is
a
good
cook.
22.
damage,
damages
damage
不可数名词
,
损害，损失
;
damages
复数形式
,
赔偿金
$$900
damages
23.
police,
policeman
police
警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，
police
man
指某个具体的警察
The
police
are
questioning
everyon
e
in
the
house.
24.
problem,
question
problem
常和困难连系，前面的动词常为
think
about,
solve,
rai
se
，
question
常和疑问连系
，多和
ask,
answ
er
连用
25.
man,
a
man
man
人类，
a
man
一个男人
Man
will
conquer
nature.
26.
chick,
chicken
二者
均可指小鸡，
chicken
还可以当鸡肉
The
chicken
is
delicious.
27.
telegram,
telegraph
< br>当电报解时，
telegram
指具体的，
telegraph
指抽象的
a
telegram,
by
telegraph
28.
trip,
journey,
travel,
voyage
tr
avel
是最常用的，
trip
指短期
的旅途，
journey
指稍长的旅途，
voyage
指海上航行
a
three-day
trip
29.
sport,
game <
/p>
sport
多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛
马等；
game
指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套
规则
His
favorite
sport
is
swimming.
30.
price,
prize
pric
e
价格，
prize
奖，奖品，奖金<
/p>
win
the
first
prize
The
price
is
high/low.
31.
a
number
of,
the
number
of
a
number
of
许多，谓语动词用复数。
the
number
of…
的数目，谓语动
词用单数。
The
number
of
students
is
increasing.
32.
in
front
of,
in
the
front
of
in
front
of
范围外的前面，
in
the
front
of
范围内的前面
In
the
front
of
the
room
sits
a
boy.
33.
of
the
day,
of
a
day
of
the
day
每一天的，当时的，当代的，
of
a
day
暂时的，不长久的
a
famous
scientist
of
the
day
34.
three
of
us,
the
three
of
us
three
of
us
我们（不止三个）中的三个，
the
three
of
us
我们三个（就三个人）
The
three
of
us---
Tom,
Jac
k
and
I
went
to
the
cinema.
35.
by
bus,
on
the
bus
by
bus
表手段，方式，不用冠词，
on
the
bus
表范围
They
went
there
by
bus.
36.
for
a
moment,
for
the
moment
for
a
moment
片刻，一会儿，
for
the
moment
暂时，一时
Thinking
for
a
moment,
he
agreed.
37.
next
year,
the
next
year
next
year
将来时间状语，
the
next
year
过去将来时间状语
He
said
he
would
go
abroad
the
next
year.
38.
more
than
a
year,
more
than
one
year
more
than
a
year
一年多，
more
than
one
year
超过一年（两年或三年等）
39.
take
advice,
take
the(one's)
advice
take
advice
征求意见，
take
the
advice
接受忠告
He
refused
to
take
the
advice
and
failed
again.
40.
take
air,
take
the
air
take
air
传播，走漏，
take
the
air
到户外去，散步
We
take
the
air
every
day.
41.
in
a
word,
in
words
in
a
word
总之，一句话，
in
words
口头上
In
a
word,
you
are
right.
42.
in
place
of,
in
the
place
of
in
place
of
代替，
in
the
place
of
在
…
地方
A
new
building
is
built
in
the
place
of
the
old
one.
43.
in
secret,
in
the
secret
in
secret
秘密地，暗自地，
偷偷地，一般用作状语；
in
the
secret
知道内情，知道秘密，
一般用作表语
My
mother
was
in
the
secret
from
the
beginning.
44.
a
girl,
one
girl
a
girl
可泛指所有女孩
,
one
girl
一个女孩
Can
one
girl
carry
such
a
big
box?
45.
take
a
chair,
take
the
chair
take
a
chair
相当于
sit
down
坐下，
take
the
chair
开始开会
46.
go
to
sea,
by
sea,
by
the
sea
go
to
sea
当海员，出航，
by
sea
乘船，由海路，
by
the
sea
在海边
go
by
sea
47.
the
doctor
and
teacher,
the
doctor
and
the
teacher
the
doctor
and
teache
r
指一个人，既是医生又是老师，
the
doctor
and
the
teacher
两个人，一个医生和一个
老
师
the
doctor
and
teacher
is
48.
in
office,
in
the
office
in
office
在职的，
in
the
office
在办公室里
He
is
in
office,
not
out
of
office.
49.
in
bed,
on
the
bed
in
bed
卧在床上，
on
the
bed
在床上
The
book
is
on
the
bed.
He
is
ill
in
bed.
50.
in
charge
of,
in
the
charge
of
in
charge
of
管理，负责照料，
in
the
charge
of
由
……
照料
He
is
in
charge
of
the
matter.
The
matter
is
in
the
charge
of
her.
51.
in
class,
in
the
class
in
class
在课上，
in
the
class
在班级里
He
is
the
best
student
in
the
class.
52.
on
fire,
on
the
fire
on
fire
着火
,on
the
fire
在火上
Put
the
food
on
the
fire.
The
house
is
on
fire.
53.
out
of
question,
out
of
the
question
out
of
question
毫无疑问的，
out
of
the
question
不可能的
54.
a
second,
the
second
a
second
又一，再一，
the
second
第
……
He
won
the
second
prize.
55.
by
day,
by
the
day
by
day
白天，
by
the
day
按天计算
The
workers
are
paid
by
the
day.
56.
the
people,
a
people
the
people
指人，
a
people
指民族
The
Chinese
is
a
peace-loving
people.
57.
it,
one
it
同一物体，
one
同类不同一
I
lost
my
pen.
I
have
to
buy
a
new
one.
58.
that,
this
that
指代上文所提到的
，
this
导出下文所要说的
I
was
ill.
That's
why…
59.
none,
nothing,
no
one <
/p>
none
强调有多少，
nothing,
no
one
强调有没有，
nothing
指物，
no
one
指人
---
How
many…/How
much…?
---
None.
60.
anyone,
any
one
anyone
指人，不能接<
/p>
of
，
any
one
指人物均可，可接
of
any
one
of
you
61.
who,
what
who
指姓名或关系，
what
指职业或地位
What
is
your
dad?
He
is
a
teacher.
62.
what,
which
what<
/p>
的选择基础是无限制的，
which
在一
定范围内进行选择
Which
do
you
prefer,
bananas
or
apples?
63.
other,
another
ot
her
后接名词复数，
another
后接名词单数
other
students,
another
student
64.
not
a
little,
not
a
bit
not
a
little
非常，
not
a
bit
一点也不
I'm
not
a
bit
tired.
我一点儿也不累。
65.
many,
much,
a
lot
of
many
和可数名词连用，
much
和不可数名词连用，
a
lot
of
可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句
I
haven't
many
books.
66.
much
more…than,
many
more…than
much
more…than
后接形容词或不可数名词，
many
more…than
后接可数名词
many
more
people,
much
m
ore
water,
much
more
beautiful
67.
no,
not
no=not
a/any
no
friend=not
a/any
friend
no
water=not
any
water
68.
no
more
than,
not
more
than
no
more
than
相当于
only
，仅仅，只有，
not
more
than
至多，不超过
69.
majority,
most
ma
jority
只能修饰可数名词，
most
可数不可数均可
the
majority
of
people
70.
by
oneself,
for
oneself,
to
oneself,
of
oneself
by
onesel
f
单独的，独自的，
for
oneself
为自己，
to
oneself
供自己用的，
of
oneself
自行的，
自动的
The
door
opened
of
itself.
71.
at
all,
after
all
at
all
根本，全然
,
after
all
到底，毕竟
After
all
he
is
a
child.
72.
tall,
high
tall
常指人或动物，
high
常指物体
He
is
tall.
73.
fast,
quickly
fast
侧重于指人
或物体具有运动速度快的特点，
quickly
侧重指某事完成
或发生的快
run
fast,
answer
the
q
uestion
quickly
74.
high,
highly
high
具体的高，
highly
抽象的高，高度的
think
highly
of
75.
healthy,
healthful
healthy
健康的，健壮的，
healthful
有益于健康的
healthful
exercise
76.
sleeping,
asleep,
sleepy
sleeping
正在
睡觉，
asleep
睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，
sleepy
困的，有睡意的
a
sleeping
baby
The
baby
is
asleep.
I'm
sleepy.
77.
gold,
golden
gold
指真金制品，
golden
指金色的，但金鱼用
go
ld
fish
a
gold
ring
78.
most,
mostly
most
用于表感受的
肯定句中，相当于
very
，当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或
名词，
mostly
大部分
,
是副词
most
people,
the
people
are
mostly…
79.
just,
very
just
表强调时是副词，作状语，
very
表强调
时是形容词，用作定语
the
very
man,
just
the
man
80.
wide,
broad
wide<
/p>
侧重于一边到另一边的距离，
broad
侧重于幅面的宽广
broad
shoulders
81.
real,
true
real
真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，
true
真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合
< br>
r
eal
gold,
a
true
story
82.
respectful,
respectable
respectful
尊敬，有礼貌，
respectable
可敬的，值
得尊敬的
be
respectful
to
the
aged
83.
outwards,
outward
二者均可用作副词，表示向外，外面，
outward
还可用
作形容词
an
outward
voyage
84.
pleasant,
pleased,
pleasing
pleasant
常用作定语，
pleased,
pleasing
常用作表语，
pleased
主语常为人，
pleasing
主语常为物
a
pleasant
trip
The
trip
is
pleasing.
85.
understanding,
understandable
understanding
明白事理的，能体谅的，
understandable
可理解的，能够懂的
an
understanding
girl,
an
understandable
mistake
86.
close,
closely
close
接近，靠
近，
closely
紧紧地，紧密地
closely
connected,
stand
close
87.
ill,
sick
ill
做表语，
sick
定，表均可
< br>
a
sick
boy
88.
good,
well
good
形容词，
well
副词，但指身体状况是形容词
He
is
well
again.
89.
quiet,
silent,
still
qui
et
安静的，可以发出小的声音，
silent
不发出声音，但可以动，
still
完全不动，完全无
声响
He
stand
th
ere
still.
他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。
90.
hard,
hardly
hard
努力，
hardly
几乎不
work
hard
I
can
hardly
believe
it.
91.
able,
capable
able
与不定式
to
do
连用，
capable
与
of
连用
He
is
capable
of
doing…
92.
almost,
nearly
二者均为
几乎
,
差不多
和否定词连用用
almost
almost
nobody
93.
late,
lately
late
迟，晚，
lately
最近，近来
I
haven't
seen
him
lately.
94.
living,
alive,
live,
lively
living,
alive,
live
均为活着的，
living
定表均可，
alive<
/p>
定表均可，定语后置，
live
只能做定
语，
lively
意为活
波的
all
the
living
people=all
the
people
alive
95.
excited,
exciting
excited
使
人兴奋的，
exciting
令人兴奋的
I'm
excited.
The
news
is
exciting.
96.
deep,
deeply
deep
具体的深，
deeply
抽象的深，深
深地
deeply
moved,
dig
deep
97.
aloud,
loud
aloud
出声地，
loud
大声地
read
aloud(
出声地读
)
98.
worth,
worthy
二者均为值得，
worth
后接
doing
，
worthy
< br>后接
to
be
done,
of
being
done
It
is
worth
visiting.
=
It's
worthy
to
be
visited.
=
It's
worthy
of
being
visited.
99.
bad,
badly
bad
形容词，
badly
副词，不好，但与
need,
want,
require
连用为
很，非常
go
bad
I
need
the
book
badly.
100.
before
long,
long
before
before
long
不久以后，
long
before
很久以前
not
long
before
=
before
long
101.
quite,
rather
quite
完全地，相
当于
completely,
rather
修饰比较级
quite
impossible
102.
happy,
glad
happy
高兴，幸福，定表均可，
g
lad
高兴，只能做表语
a
happy
girl
103.
instead,
instead
of
instead
是副词，放在句
首或句末，
instead
of
是介词短语，放在句中