-
Section B
Directions:
There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage
is followed by some questions or
unfinished
statements.
For
each
of
them
there
are
four choices
marked
A),
B),
C)
and
D).
Y
ou
should
decide
on
the
best choice
and
mark
the
corresponding
letter
on
Answer
Sheet
2
with
a
single line through
the centre.
Passage One
Questions 52 to 56 are based on the
following passage.
Television is often viewed
as an anti intellectual medium. But truly clever
people know how
to use even the most
unpromising material, and that is what
V
al Curtis and her colleagues at the
London
School
of
Hygiene
and
Tropical
Medicine
have
done.
They
employed
the
mass
market
appeal
of
TV
to
test
a
long
held,
but
unproven,
hypothesis(
假设
):
that
the
emotion
of
disgust
evolved to protect people from disease.
They set
up
their
experiment
in
October
2007,
by
publicizing
it
on
a
BBC
program
called
iewers were invited
to visit a website and, after giving a few biograp
hical(
个
人介绍的
)detai
ls,
to
view
a
series
of
20
pictures
and
rate
each
of
them
for
disgustingness
on
a
scale of one
to five. They were also asked to choose, from a
list of possible candidates, with whom
they would least like to share a
toothbrush.
The
results showed that in all seven pairs, the
disease distinct pictures were more disgusting
than their counterparts. For things
like the apparent depiction of bodily fluids, or
of a face that had
been
more
distinguishing than an empty one, and a louse more
disgusting than a wasp.
These
last
results
confirmed
Dr
Curtis's
suspicion
that
disgust
is
not,
as
many
disgust
researchers believe, just a way of
avoiding eating disease bearing materials. Rather,
it extends to
threats that might be
contagious(
传染性的
). Indeed,
one result of the study was to show that the
young are easier to disgust than the
old. Another result was that women are more easily
disgusted
than
men.
Both
of these make
evolutionary
sense.
The
young
have
more
reproductive
potential
than the old, so
should be more careful about what they touch and
eat. And women are usually
burdened
with bringing up the children, so have to be
disgusted on their offspring's behalf, as well
as their own.
The
results
of
the
toothbrush study
made
similar
sense.
Strangers
are more
likely
to carry
new bacteria than
acquaintances. Hence, of the available choices of
toothbrush partner, a postman
came
off worst,
and
a
lover
best.
A
brush
notionally
belonging
to
a weatherman
was,
however,
preferred
to
the
boss's.
Clearly
the
British
feel
more
intimacy
with
the
former
than
the
later.
Perhaps
it
might
have
been
instructive
to
include
a
famous
television
personality
among
the
choices?
52. In the first paragraph television
is mentioned to .
A) prove that what some intellectuals
had claimed is wrong
B) show that TV is an essential part of
British people's daily life
C) demonstrate that mass
media is a very profitable industry
D) introduce the media
through which the survey was advertised
53. The
experiment is chiefly done by .
A) watching the TV program
called
B)
visiting different websites and making matches
between pictures and numbers
C) rating various photos
with numbers and selecting from a choice list
D) filling in biographical details and
choosing a toothbrush
54. Which of the
following is true about the result of the
experiment?
A) A
spotted
face is more disgusting than a picture of bodily
fluids.
B) A
full packed
subway is more disgusting than a louse.
C) A
bleeding face is the most disgusting one.
D) A
wasp makes people feel better than a louse.
55. The results
of the experiment make evolutionary sense in that
.
A) old people
are less likely to produce goods for the society
than the young
B) people's emotion of disgust is often
related to the safety of their children
C) women are
more likely to bring up children independent of
men's help
D)
old people are more likely to be disgusted than
women
56. The
results of the toothbrush experiment show that .
A) a boss is
normally less clean and healthy than a weatherman
B) a postman is
often dirtier than a lover
C) a public figure is often more
popular than a boss in Britain
D) a famous
television personality is the best toothbrush
partner
Passage
T
wo
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the
following passage.
When it comes to health, the poor are
doubly cursed. Not only are they more prone to
deadly
infectious
diseases
than
the
rich,
but
they
have
far
less
access
to
the
means
of
improvement.
Twenty years ago, Paul Farmer, an
American doctor and
anthropologist(
人类学者
), set
out to do
something
about
this.
Amid
the
political
turmoil(
混乱
)and
poverty
of
rural
Haiti,
he
created
a
community
based
health
care
system
called
Zanmi
Lasante,
or
Partners
in
Health.
It
not
only
delivers appropriate,
affordable medical treatment to thousands of poor
people, but goes beyond
the clinic to
address the social causes making them sick and
keeping them from getting better.
As Dr. Farmer argues,
improving the health of the poor is not just a
medical challenge, but a
question
of
human
rights.
Tackling
the
inequality,
racism,
sexism
and
other
forms
of
violence
it,
medicine without food is like washing one's hands
and drying them in the dirt.
Unfortunately, Dr. Farmer's
powerful message is often weakened by his book's
academic tone.
It does, however, scream
out in passages
describing the human
face of
these personal stories that
make Dr. Farmer's anger at such
The good
doctor's motives and methods are better described
in Mountains Beyond Mountains.
This
biography
by
Tracy
Kidder
traces
Dr.
Farmer
from
his
unconventional
upbringing
and
unusual
education,
shuttling
(
来回穿梭于
)
between
the shacks
of central
Haiti
and
the
halls
of
Harvard Medical School,
to his later work around the world. Though well
written, Mr. Kidder's
book
also
makes
for
uncomfortable
reading.
The
author
is
clearly
close
to
his
subject,
having
traveled
with
Dr. Farmer
from
the
green
poverty
of
Haiti
to
the
tubercular
whiteness
of
Russia.
Too close,
perhaps. The
biographer
seems to
be seeking
his
subject's
approval, rather
than
the
other
way round. Mr. Kidder writes, rather disturbingly,
about his fear of disappointing Dr. Farmer,
his own pain at wounding him with a
critical remark and his relief at the doctor's
forgiveness.
When
Mr.
Kidder's
health
falls,
this
dependence
becomes
all
the
more
intense.
But
rather
than compromise the
book's equity(
公正
), this
intimacy serves to highlight Dr. Farmer's
admirable,
yet ultimately
irritating, character. As Mr. Kidder
observes,
anyone feel comfortable,
except those lucky enough to be his patients or
those unlucky enough to
need
him.
57. What
makes the
A) It makes attempts to help the poor
on a social level.
B) It is aimed at treating
poor people for free.
C) It is designed to help the poor rise
from poverty
.
D) It offers community help to those
who are poor.
58. What can be inferred from the last
sentence of the second paragraph?
A) Hands should
not be dried in the dirt after washing.
B) Medicine is
also needed for cleaning hands.
C) Medicine is not a long
term cure to their poor health.
D) Food can cure their
disease better than any medicine.
59. The disadvantage of Dr.
Farmer's book seems to be that.
A) the plots in the book
are not attractive enough
B) the way he tells the stories is not
compelling enough
C) the anger he expresses at
D) the tone is
not strong enough to arouse people's attention
60. Mr.
Kidder's book also makes for uncomfortable reading
because .
A) Mr. Kidder himself has never been
involved in Dr. Farmer's life
B)
Mr. Kidder is afraid of making true comments on
Dr. Farmer
C) Mr. Kidder's emotions
prevent him from independent writing
D)
Mr. Kidder is always waiting for Dr. Farmer's
forgiveness
61. It can be inferred from
the last paragraph that .
A) Dr. Farmer only helped those who are
lucky enough
B)
Dr. Farmer may have severely criticized the
society
C) Dr.
Farmer was not actually making his patients
comfortable
D)
Dr. Farmer's job is not to make people comfortable
答案及解析
Passage
One
（原文翻译及题目出处）
(
52)
电视
通常被认为是不利于智力的媒介。但是真正聪明的人
知道怎样利用最没有价值的东西，而
这就是在伦敦卫生和热带医药学校的
V
al Curtis
和她的
同事们所做的事。
(52)
她们借助具有大众市场吸引力的电视来测试一个提出已久却没有被证
实的
假设：恶心的感觉是人们为了预防疾病而产生的。
(52)(53)
他们的试验在
2007
年
10
月
通过
BBC
一个被叫做
人类本能
的专栏节目上进行
公
布。他们邀请观众访问一个网站，在给出一系列个人细节信息后，
(53)
观众要看
20
张图
片，
并且用
1-5
分按照令人恶心的程度给照片
打分。
他们还要从一系列可能的候选人名单中
选出他们最不愿意
与谁共用牙刷。
测试结果显示，
在所有七组图片中，
疾病迹象很明显的
图片比无疾病迹象的图片更令人
恶心。对明显的体液外流或是有着被
放大了
的斑点的人脸的恶心就没有
什么令人吃惊的
了。只是一个拥挤的火车车厢比空着的要更令人恶心，而且
(54)
虱子比马蜂更令人恶心。