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(很好)get型被动语态 get的被动用法

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2021-02-19 15:08
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2021年2月19日发(作者:铬钼钢)


get


的被动用法(


get- passive




作者:



阮一峰



日期:



2006


6



26






英 语学习



系列笔记之二)



1.


今天,


我看书的时候,


看到了下面这句很普通的句子,


“How Do We Get Started on These


Programs?”



我突然感到有一点糊涂,


什么叫


“Ge t started”


?这句话同


“How do we start


on these programs?”


又有什么区别呢?


我查了词典里关于


“get+


动词分词


结构的解释,发现这种常见结构其实很复杂,既可以


表示 主动



We Get Started on These P rograms



,又可以表示被动(


I got invited to her


party yesterday


)。



下面就是我整理的笔记。



2.


首先,


“get+


过去分词



是一种被动形式。



我们都 知道,英语中表示被动的方法是


“be+


过去动词



,但是其实还有第二种方法,


那就



“get+


过去分词



,这两者的意思基本上是类似的。但是,后者用得比较少,尤其少用


于正式的书面文体。



请对比下面三句话:



a) The bus hit John.


b) John was hit by the bus.


c) John got hit by the bus.


上面这三种说法都是对的。被动的含义除了可以用


“be +


过去分词



表示以外,还可以用


“got +


过去分词


< br>来表示。



请看下面的例句:



* It is upsetting when a person gets punished for a crime that he didn't commit.



* The picture got damaged (= was damaged) when we were moving.



* If they make such criticisms they will get treated with the contempt they deserve.



* I don't want to get mixed up with the police again.


* After working here selflessly for several years,Mr. Li got promoted at last.



* They got delayed because of the holiday traffic.


3.


“get+


过去分词

< p>




过去分词

< p>


有几个区别。




1


)在



过去分词



的结构中,


be


是 助动词



auxiliary


),可以 用来独立构成否定


句和疑问句;


get


不是助动词,在否定句和疑问句,必须增加助动词。



请看下面的例句。



* Was Kim attacked by a tiger?


* Kim was not attacked by a tiger.



* Did Kim get attacked by a tiger?


* Kim did not get attacked by a tiger.



以上四句话都是正确,下面两句则是错误的。



* Got Kim attacked by a tiger? (×


)


* Kim got not attacked by a tiger. (×


)



2



“get+


过去分词



结构可以用于进行时态,



过去分词



结构就不行。



请看下面的例句



* You will be getting cursed.



* My brother has been getting examined


(< /p>


3



“get+


过去分词



结构通常不带


“by+


动作主体



的部分,但这不是绝对的。



请看下面两句话,其中第二句话是错误的。



* I got caught in the rain.



* I got caught by the rain.



×




但是,在下面的例句中可以使用


by




* He got caught by the police.



* He got hit on the head by the burglar.



* Raghu got kicked in the shin by a donkey.



* He got punched in the nose by his opponent.




4



“get+


过去分 词



结构极少用于无生命的物体。



请看下面两句话,其中第二句话是错误的。



* Gunfire was heard in the auditorium.


* Gunfire got heard in the auditorium.(×


)



4.


除了表示被动以外,


“get +


过去分词



结构还可用于谈论为自 己做的事,表示主动的行


为而不是被动的行为,即起到了强调主语、加重语气的作用。< /p>



请对比下面两句话:



a) Joe was dressed [by someone]


b) Joe got dressed.


a


句表示其他人帮助


Joe


穿衣服,

b


句则表示


Joe


自己穿衣服。< /p>




除了


get dressed


(穿衣服)


以外,


类似 的常用短语,


还有以下这些:


get divorced


(离婚)



get engaged


(订婚)、


get confused


(迷惑不解)、


get lost


(迷路)、


get washed


(洗


脸)




get married


(结婚)等。



5.

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