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18-19Module5Section
Ⅲ
G
rammar
——
名词性从句
[
语
境
自
主
领
悟
]
先观察原句
后自主感悟
①
What
we
find
out
from
space
research
is
1
.
句①②为主语从句,
句③④⑤
important for us on Earth.
为宾语从句,句⑥
⑦为同位语
②
It's
well
?
known
that
the
ancient
Chinese
从句,句⑧⑨为表语从句。
invented the rocked.
2
.
句②③⑥⑧中的引导词为连
③
We think it probable
that
he is dead.
④
The
teacher
showed
us
the
controls
of
the
spacecraft and explained
how gravity worked.
⑤
They
insisted
that
everyone
(
should
)
come
to
the party.
⑥
The
proposal
that
we
(
should
)
import
more
equipment
from
abroad
is
to
be
discussed
at
the
meeting.
⑦
I have no idea
when
she will be back.
接词,在从句中不作成分,句
①⑨中的引导词为连接代词,
句
④⑦
中
的
< br>引
导
词
为
连
接
副
词。
3
.
句②③中使用了
< br>it
作形式主
语或形式宾语,而真正的主语
从句或宾语从句后置。
4
.
句⑤中的
that
可省略,
其他句
⑧
The question
remains
whether
they will be
able
中的
that
一般不可省略
。
to help us.
⑨
The problem is
who
we can get to replace
her.
5
.
句⑤⑥中的从句使用了
虚拟
语气。
[
语
法
精
要
点
拨
]
名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
考点一
名词性从句的引导词
引导名词性从句的连接词分为三类:
1
.连词:
that
,
whether
,
if
2<
/p>
.连接代词:
what
,
whatever
,
who
,
whoever
,
whom
,
whose
,
whic
h
3
.连接副词:
when
,
where
,
how
,
why
That she
became an artist was due to her father's
influence.
她成为画家是受了她父亲的影响。
What we will do tomorrow depends on the
weather.
明天我们做什么得看天气。
When we arrive doesn't matter.
我们什么时候到无关紧要。
Whether it will do us harm remains to
be seen.
它是否对我们有害还有待观察。
[
名师点津
]
(1)
名词性从句中用陈述语序;
<
/p>
(2)
连词
that
,
whether
,
if
在句中只起连接作用
,
不充当句子成分;
(3)
连接代词和连接副词在句中充当句子
成分。
[
即时演练
< br>1]
用适当的连接词填空
①
The village is where I was
born.
②
Whoever comes to the
party will be welcome.
③
What
he said made me excited.
考点二
主语从句
1
.作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
Where the English evening party will be
held has not yet been announced.
还没有宣布英语晚会将在哪里举行。
2
.主语从句可以放在主句谓语动词之前,但有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常
用
it
作形式主语,
而把主
语从句置于句末。
主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形
式。
p>
It's a pity that he can't
attend the meeting.
他不能参加会议,真是遗憾。
It
is possible that he may not be able to come.
他可能不能来了。
It is
said that she failed the exam.
据说她考试不及格。
[
即时演练
2]
用适当的连接词填空
①
What we actually need now
is not a skirt but a new pair of shoes.
②
Whether it is true remains
a question.
③
Has it been
announced when the plane are to take off?
④
It is certain that she will
do well in the exam.
考点三
宾语从句
宾语从句在句子中作及物动
词或介词的宾语,另外,某些作表语的形容词,
如
sure
p>
,
certain
等之后也可以带宾语从句
。
1
.由连词
that
引导的宾语从句
that
引导表示陈述的宾语从句。连词
that
引导宾语从句时,
that
在句中不充
当任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但在以下情况中不能省略:
(1)
当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,可以省略第一
个
that
,
其他不能省略。
The teacher told the students
(that) they should hand in their homework the next
day and that the homework must be
signed names by their parents.
老师告诉学生他们
要在第二天交上作业,并且作业必须由家长签名。
(2)
p>
当
it
作形式宾语时。
She made it clear that it had
nothing to do with her.
她说明这件事和她没有任何关系。
[
名师点津
]
在
demand
,
order
,
suggest
,
decide
,
insist
,
desire
,
request
,
command
等表
示要
求、
命令、建议、
决定等意义的动词后的宾语从句中谓语动词常
用
〝
(should
+
)
动词原形
〞
。
I insist that she(should)do her
work alone.
我坚持要她自己工作。
2
.
who
,
whom
p>
,
which
,
w
hose
,
what
,
when
,
where
,
p>
why
,
how
,
whoever
,
whatever<
/p>
,
whichever
等连接代词、
p>
连接副词引导的宾语从句相当于由特殊疑问句
转化而来,但应注意句
子要用陈述语序。
She will give
whoever needs help a warm support.
凡是需要帮
助的人,她都会
给予热情的支持。
3
.
if
和
wh
ether
引导表示〝是否〞的宾语从句
用
whether
或
if
引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持
陈述语序。<
/p>
whether
与
if
< br>在作〝是否〞讲时,在以下情况下一般只能用
whether
,
不用
if
:
(1)
引导主语从句并在句首时;
(2)
引导表语从句和同位语从句时;
(3)
引导从句作介词宾语时;
(4)
后紧跟〝
or
not
〞时;
(5)
后接动词不定式时。
Everything depends on whether we have
enough money.
一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
I wonder whether or not he will come.
我想知道他来还是不来。
Can
you tell me whether to go or to stay?
你能告诉我是去还是留吗?
4
.宾语从句中的时态与主句时态的呼应
当主
句动词是现在时时,
从句应根据具体情况使用不同时态。
当主句
动词是
过去时
(could
,
would
除外
)
时,
从句那么要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时、
过去进行时、
过
去将来时等;
但当从句表示的是客观真理、
科学原理、
自然现象,
那么从句仍用一般现在时。
The teacher told us that Tom had left
for America.
老师告诉我们汤姆已经离开,
去美国
了。
The teacher said that the
earth goes around the
sun.
老师说地球绕着太阳转。
5
.否定转移
当
think
,
believe
p>
,
suppose
,
expect
,
fancy
,
imagine
等动词的主语为第一人
称,<
/p>
且本身为一般现在时时其后的宾语从句的否定词通常转移到主句中,
即主句
的谓语动词用否定式,
而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。<
/p>
其反意疑问句一般与宾语从
句一致。
I don't believe he'll
come.
我想他是不会来的。
6<
/p>
.可以用形式宾语
it
代替的宾语从句<
/p>
(1)
动词
f
ind
,
feel
,
< br>consider
,
make
,
believe
,
think
等后面有宾语补足语的
时候,那么需要用
it<
/p>
作形式宾语而将
that
宾语从句后置。
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