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Unit 1
1.
Shudder
shake
Both words refer to
agitated movements that are quick, slight, or
intense and are often involuntary
expressions of strain of
discomfort.
Shake
, both
transitive and intransitive, designates something
that is done to as well as by a person
or object, while
shudder
suggests horror, revulsion, or
extreme
pleasure as possible causes for the involuntary
movement that is less
notice
able to an
onlooker.
a.
Seeing the
referee drawing out the yellow card, the coach
began
shaking
his fist in
rage.
b.
She
shudder
ed at the touch of
his leathery hand.
c.
The tree branches were
shaking
in that sudden gust
of wind.
d.
He
shudder
ed breathlessly in
the doorway until his pursuers had raced past.
2.
Answer
reply
Both words
can be used as noun and verb respectively. As a
noun, when a question is asked, any
words or actions in return, or any
satisfactory conclusion, may be called an
answer
; an
answer
in
the
form of a statement appropriate to the question is
a
reply
. As a verb,
answer
is transitive while
reply
intransitive.
a.
He had hoped
that divorce would be the
answer
to his problems.
b.
We are
still
waiting for him to
reply
to our requests for
further assistance.
c.
In
reply
to his
suggestions, they have decided to consult him for
more details.
d.
He answered his critics by claiming
that he was responding to the new needs of
globalization.
3.
Common
general
General
means
“
current among the majority
of the persons, things, or class
specified
”
;
common
applies to
many or a large part.
a.
The
general
impression we got was that they were not
interested in the new project.
b.
It was claimed
in the newly published report that higher
education, in
general
, is
financially
in trouble.
c.
It
may
be
said
that
good
health
is
a
general
condition,
and
that
occasional
sickness
is
financially in trouble.
d.
AIDS is
becoming the most
common
cause of death among drug addicts.
4.
Small
tiny
Small
suggests
a
slight
reduction
of
proportions
that
is
notice
able
but
not
necessarily
objectionable,
while
tiny
refers to
so
drastic
a reduction
of scale
as
to
put
the
thing
described
outside
established norms, as well as suggesting a
miniature or model of something.
a.
A
small
house would do
perfectly for the two of them.
b.
“
Get back on
board!
”
I shouted as his
tiny
figure struggled up the
riverbank.
c.
Displayed at the exhibition were some
tiny
toy soldiers that were
beautifully carved.
d.
The visitor was a
small
man who would give
every appearance of self-importance.
Unit2
1.
Funny
interesting
Funny
is
a
very
informal
word,
focusing
mainly
on
whatever
results
in
laughter
because
of
oddness, abnormality, or
inappropriateness.
Interesting
refers to
something that attracts
people
’
s
attention, usually because it is
exciting, unusual and deserves their observation
and study
.
a.
Funny
jokes kept coming in
through e-mail messages.
b.
This tour will give you an
interesting
insight into the
life of the Mongolian people.
c.
It will be
interesting
to see how the
new government will deal with unemployment.
d.
William is
strange recently. He is always wearing that
funny
hat.
2.
Still
silent
Still
suggests an unruffled
or tranquil state, and often refers to a moment of
calm between periods
of noise and
movement, and during this moment there is no sign
of activity.
Silent
simply
means
“
becoming
speechless
or
being
without
noise
”
;
it
does
not
necessarily
suggest
serenity
or
motion-lessness
a.
There was a
silent
conversation between
the deaf-and-dumb people.
b.
The vast crowd fell
silent
at the news that the
president was dead.
c.
After the storm, it became very
still
in the forest.
d.
The
girl
was
dancing
about
excitedly
when suddenly
she
stood
still
and
put
on
a
horrified
look.
3.
Dispute
argue
Dispute
is often used as a
transitive verb, meaning
“
say that something is
incorrect or untrue; fight
passionately
for
control
or
ownership
of
something.
”
Argue
usually
refers
to
a
reasoned
presentation of
views or to a heated exchange of opinion; very
often, when used intransitively, it is
followed by prepositions like
“
with,
”
“
for/against,
”
“
about,
”
etc.
a.
Mr.
Spender does not
dispute
that he owes the money, but he just
wouldn
’
t like to return it.
b.
His lawyer was
arguing
that he was unfit to
be sent for trial.
c.
The two
parties are still
disputing
the fee, so that the concert has to be postponed.
d.
He was
arguing
with his boss about
his salary increase.
4.
Regular
usual
Usual
is applied to whatever
recurs frequently and steadily, referring to
natural happenings as well
as
to
occurrences
based
on
the
customs
of
the community
or
the
habits
of
an
individua
l,
while
regular
emphasizes a
conformity to the established or natural order
of things, referring to events
that happen often, or events that have
equal amounts of time between them, so that they
happen at
the same time, for example,
each day or each week.
a.
Many mote students than
usual
take language courses
in evening classes.
b.
It is
usual
for a
sales representative to go from door to door to
promote products.
c.
Regular
medical
examinations
are
recommended
for
workers
who
frequently
work
in
polluted worksites.
d.
A
20% discount will be offered to
regular
customers to the
store.
Unit3
1.
Compliment
praise
To
praise
someone
or
something
is
to
express
approval
for
their
achievement
or
qualities;
Compliment
often applies to
praise
given insincerely as
an empty formality or as a self-interested
gesture,
as
well
as
to
a
genuine
admiration,
and
this
word
often
appears
in
the
structure
“
compliment
somebody on something.
”
a.
The president
praised
leaders of countries
for their cooperation in the war against
terrorism.
b.
Susan refused to
compliment
her boss merely
to win his smile.
c.
People genuinely
praise
her attitude towards
life in time of great difficulty.
d.
He
complimented
her on her new
dress without even looking at it.
2.
Appreciate
enjoy
Enjoy
is to find pleasure
and satisfaction in doing something, and often
appears in the structure of
“
enjoy
oneself
,”
meaning
“
take pleasure in a
situation one is in.
”
Appreciate
means
“
be thankful
or
grateful for something,
”
as
well as
“
like or value
something for its good
qualities.
”
a.
A
little note was added:
“
Payment would be
appreciated
by this
Saturday
, 6
th
April.
”
b.
He liked the
challenges; he
enjoyed
taking risks.
c.
She seemed to be
enjoying
herself hugely.
d.
We have very
much
appreciated
your prompt
attention to our queries.
3.
Precious
priceless
The differences between these two words
can be very subtle.
While
precious
emphasizes the fact
that
something
is
valuable,
rare
and
important,
and
should
not
be
wasted,
lost
or
used
badly.
Priceless
refers to
something that is worth a lot of money, or that
cannot be calculated in monetary
terms.
a.
He has
receives many presents from admirers, from the
priceless
to the valueless.
b.
The
castle
’
s
rooms
also
house
many
priceless
antiques,
most
of
which
are
the
only copies
extant.
c.
It
is
true
that
the
precious
blessing
of
boys
has
been
their
ability
to
get
through their
teens
untroubled by such notions as calories,
skincare, etc.
d.
After all the difficult times, he
finally realized that their friendship was very
precious
.
4.
Notice
see
Notice
suggests
the
taking
in,
almost
by chance,
of
a
small
detail
that
may
yet
be
important
to
some larger pattern.
It can also be used in the imperative
as a call to attend to some small detail
that might otherwise be overlooked,
see
is a general word to
suggest an accidental or deliberate
viewing of an occurrence and it carries
few connotations beyond those the context may give
it.
a.
People all
over the country are eager to
see
the outcome of the decisive
qualifying match.
b.
Notice
the clear big
fingerprint on the handle of this pistol.
c.
From the top
floor, we can easily
see
all
the traffic flow in different directions.
d.
She was
genuinely frightened when she
noticed
that he kept his
fist clenched in his pocket as
she
tried to explain the whole situation.
Unit4
1.
Carefree
careless
Careless
is used when people
do not pay enough attention to what they are
doing, so they make
mistakes, or cause
harm or damage, while
carefree
refers to a person
or a period of time that does
not
involve any problems, worries, or
responsibilities.
a.
She no longer has that
carefree
smile as before,
but instead carries the sad look of a mother
who has just lost her son.
b.
The pop singer
was accused of
careless
and
drunk driving, which greatly harmed his career.
c.
It was
reported
that some
careless
police
officers
lost four
guns
on their
way
to the crime
scene.
d.
To her, the
baby
’
s birth marked the end
of a
carefree
life when she
never seemed to have any
worries and
responsibilities.
2.
Sick
ill
Both words
can refer to suffering from a disease or a health
problem.
In this case,
sick
can often
be
used as attributive in front of a noun.
When
ill
is used as
attributive, it often refers to something
harmful or unpleasant.
Sick
can also mean
“
going to
vomit,
”
so it can be
confusing to say
“I
am
sick.
”
Sick
is sometimes used to
talk about a dislike from too much of something.
a.
Outside, the
sick
children were lying
naked in the sun with nobody attending to them.
b.
He said he
quit the
job because he was
sick
and tired of doing the
same thing for over five
years.
c.
It
’
s a Chinese
superstitious belief that a black cat will bring
ill
luck into a household.
d.
What if he
becomes
ill
?
He
’
s the breadwinner of the
family.
3.
Disease
plague
Disease
refers to any kind
of bad health or is an illness that affects
people, animals or plants.
It
does not have any implications as to
whether the sickness is acute or chronic, mild or
harsh, or
long
or
short
in
duration
.
Plague
specifically
refers
to
a
very
infectious
disease
that
spreads
quickly over a wild area and kills
large numbers of people.
a.
After
careful
diagnosis
and
examination,
the
doctor
announced
that
it
was
a
case
of
Parkinson
’
s
disease
.
b.
Along
with
the
Industrial
Revolution,
there
came
the
great
plague
that
killed
millions
of
people in Europe.
c.
Cancer is a
fatal
disease
whose causes
are still unknown.
d.
War,
plague
and
famine all came at the same time and nearly wiped
out whole populations in
that part of
the globe.
4.
Keep
maintain
Keep,
among its many
different uses, can mean
“
cause something or somebody
to continue to do
something,
”
or
“
have
without
the
need
of
returning.
”
Maintain
means
“
continue
to
have
something
and
do
not
let
it
stop
or
grow
weaker,
”
or
“
keep
something
in
good
condition
by
regularly checking it and repairing it
when necessary
.
”
a.
It was the
public support that
kept
the
anti-smoking effort going.
b.
——
I
have not finished reading your book yet.
——
No problem. Y
ou
can
keep
it for as long as
you like.
c.
The
general public all wish to
maintain
a stable
government.
d.
The
local
people
started
a
tough
campaign
to
force
the
government
to
maintain
roads
properly.
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