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专业英语八级
-
阅读理解专项试题
(
四
)
一、
Reading
Comprehension
(Comprehension
)
（共
55
小题
,
共
55.0
分）
< br>In
this
section there are
four passages followed by questions or unfinished
statements,
each
with
four
suggested
answers
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Choose
the one that you
think is the best answer. Mark your answers on
Answer
Sheet Two.
第
1
题
Discussion
of
the
assimilation
of
Puerto
Ricans
in
the
United
States
has
focused
on
two
factors:
social
standing
and
the
loss
of
national
culture.
In general,
excessive stress is placed on one factor or the
other,
depending on whether the
commentator is North American or Puerto Rican.
Many North American social scientists,
such as Oscar Handlin, Joseph
Fitzpatrick, and Oscar Lewis, consider
Puerto Ricans the most recent in
a long
line of ethnic entrants to occupy the lowest rung
on the social
ladder. Such a
as
a
benign
process,
taking
for
granted
increased
economic
advantage
and
inevitable cultural integration, in a
supposedly egalitarian context.
However,
this
approach
fails
to
take
into
account
the
colonial
nature
of
the
Puerto Rican case, with this group, unlike their
European
predecessors,
coming
from
a
nation
politically
subordinated
to
the
United
States. Even the
such as the
critique developed in Divided Society, attach the
issue of
ethnic assimilation too
mechanically to factors of economic and social
mobility
and
are
thus
unable
to
illustrate
the
cultural
subordination
if
Puerto Ricans as a
colonial minority.
In contrast, the
Eduardo SedaBonilla, Manuel Maldonado-
Denis, and Luis Nieves-Falcon
tends to
view assimilation as the forced loss of national
culture in an
unequal
contest
with
imposed
foreign
values.
There
is,
of
course,
a
strong
tradition of cultural
accommodation among other Puerto Rican thinkers.
The writings of Eugenio Fernandez
Mendez clearly exemplify this
tradition,
and
many
supporters
of
Puerto
Rico's
commonwealth
status
share
the same
universalizing orientation. But the Puerto Rican
intellectuals
who
have
written
most
about
the
assimilation
process
in
the
United
States
all advance cultural
nationalist views, advocating the preservation of
minority cultural distinctions and
rejecting what they see as the
subjugation of colonial nationalities.
This
cultural
and
political
emphasis
is
appropriate,
but
the
colonialist
thinkers
misdirect it, overlooking the class relations at
work in both
Puerto
Rican
and
North
American
history.
They
pose
the
clash
of
national
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