《本科英语1》作业3

15-16-1

006#

《本科英语

1

》作业

3

Part

Ⅰ

Reading Comprehension

Directions:

In

this

part

there

are

four

reading

passages.

Each

passage

is

followed

by

some

questions

or

incomplete statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are required to choose

the best answer from the four choices. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line

through the center.

Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage.

I am not a computer expert. 1 never learned much in the way of math. And I am quite puzzled by things like

engineering or electronics.

Then why am I able to write about computers? I can write on this subject because of these shortcomings. The

last two years of learning has been a severe test for me. By hard work I have managed to learn enough to use

computers fairly well, and to work with people who know a great deal more than I. Since I have learned all this at

such personal cost, I would like to share my knowledge with others.

The best way to learn is to take a course. However, many people do not have the time for this. They will have

to find some other way to get basic information. I hope to be able to help them by writing about some of the things

I have learned myself.

I have a home computer on which I have learned in my own time. I have used it like a home study course. I

have sat down with it day after day, night after night, I have forced it to give up some of its secrets. Now I can use

it to do some of the work that I get paid for. And I can do this work in my own home, instead of in an office. Many

people may soon be working on a computer at home, just as many now take in other people’s typing.

Some things about computers are easier than you may fear. First, computers are logical. Things that at first

seem difficult will make sense to you after you learn the rules. Second, it is really not hard to learn enough to use

today’s machines. You do not need to be a great brain. But you do have to learn to think in new ways. And you do

have to keep a good bit of information in your head. (90) Finally, there are many people around who are really

enthusiastic about computers. These people are always happy to be of help.

1. According to the passage, computers can best be described as __

_ C_

___

A. difficult

B. puzzling

C. logical

D. secret

2. It can be inferred that the author had to _

B__

____ in order to write about computers.

A. Learn electronics

B. study very hard

C. learn from other people

D. take a home study course

3. The phrase ?°

a great brain?±

in the last paragraph most probably means

D

A. a great man

B. a person with a big head

C. a remarkable success

D. an intelligent person

4. It is implied that the author _

B__

_____

A. has got a great deal of help from others

B. has known a lot of things about computers

C. has got enough knowledge about science and math

D. has known more about computers than her colleagues

5. The main idea of the last paragraph is that to learn to use a computer

C

A. must take enough course

B. should be with a clever brain

C. is not so difficult as one thinks

D. is hard to think in new ways

Questions 6-10 are based on the following passage.

In

order

to

learn

a

foreign

language

well,

it

is

necessary

to

overcome

the

fear

of

making

mistakes.

If

the

primary goal of language use is communication, the mistakes are secondary consideration that may be dealt with

00 6#

《本科英语

1

》作业

3

第

1

页

共

5

页

15-16-1

gradually as awareness of those mistakes increases. On the other hand, students should not ignore their mistakes.

(88)

The

language

learner

may

observe

how

native

speakers

express

themselves,

and

how

native

expressions

differ from the way the learner might say them. For example, a Spanish speaker who has been sa

ying “1 do it” to

express willingness to do something in the immediate future, could, by interacting with native speakers of English,

observe that native speakers actually say “I’ ll do it”. The resulting discrepancy can serve as a basis for the student

to modify his way of using the present tense in English. But a student who is unwilling to interact in the first place

would lose this opportunity to learn by trial and error.

6. According to the passage, foreign language students should not worry too much

about making mistakes because ____

_B__

_

A. native speakers will ignore their mistakes

B. communication is the primary goal of language learning

C. native speakers like foreign students who try to learn their language

D. everyone makes mistakes when trying to communicate in a strange language

7. The passage indicates that the present tense in English is ___

A_

_____

A. basically the same in English as it is in Spanish

B. not the most difficult problem for foreign students

C. not used to express a desire to do something in the immediate future

D. used with some verbs but not with others to express future intention

8. The author thinks that language learners can reduce the number of their mistakes by _

D_

___

A. asking native speakers for explanations

B. reading good books in the foreign language

C. speaking without regard to native speakers

D. comparing their speech with that of native speakers

9. The passage implies that foreign students who do not interact with native speakers will not _ _D_.

A. have to worry about making mistakes

B. learn very much about the foreign culture

C. learn about the history of the foreign language

D. take advantage of available language models

10. The author's major conclusion about the function of mistakes in foreign language learning is that .

D

A. mistakes do not interfere with communication

B. learners are often very afraid of making mistakes

C. mistakes are not important in the process of learning a language

D. making mistakes can help the learner discover the rules of the language

Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage

During a state of deep relaxation, several physiological changes take place in the body: the body’s oxygen

consumption

is

reduced;

the

heart

beat

decreases;

muscle

tension

and

sweating

ease,

and

there

is

decreased

sympathetic

(

交感的

) nervous

system

activity.

This

restful

state

not

only

allows

the

body

to

repair

and

restore

itself, but it has a calming effect on the consciousness.

How to achieve this state of relaxation, however, is a matter of opinion, and in some medical circles, a matter

of

controversy.

A

recent

report

by

Dr.

David

Holmes

of

the

University

of

Kansas

in

the

journal

“American

psychologist” said that simp

le sitting in an armchair has just as many beneficial characteristics for the body as

meditation does. Researchers of other relaxation techniques disagree. These experts believe that more structured

techniques, such as meditation, lead to a condition of deep relaxation.

The debate goes on. but one thins appears to be clear: the relaxation response can be reached by a number of

methods, and the methods themselves are not as important as getting there. One day, one method may work best;

on another day, an alternative method may be more appropriate. Once you are aware of all the methods, you can

find the one that works best for you.

Some

of

the

relaxation

techniques

are

meditation,

auto

analysis

(

自我心理分析

)

and

progressive

muscle

relaxation response than just sitting quietly in a chair, they have the added benefit of structure and discipline, and

for these reasons appear to be more effective for most individuals.

006#

《本科英语

1

》作业

3

第

2

页

共

5

页