最新田静语法64课时讲义

精品文档

And most folks still feel pretty comfortable

about their ability...(2004, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 3)

keep / remain/seem

／

appear/prove

“

保持着

……”

“

似乎

……”

“

证明出 ，显示出

……”

The prospect seems remote. (2010, Reading Comprehension, Part

A Text 1)

Nonetheless,

unification

of

sorts

remains

a

major

goal.(2012,

Translation)

真题演练：

请用下划线标出谓语动词 的部分，

并判断谓语动词的种类及简单句的

种类。

1.

…

our

president

calls

himself

‘the

Decider’.

(2009,

Reading

Comprehension, Part A Text 1)

——主谓宾补

2.

The

humiliation

continues.

(2004,

Reading

Comprehension,

Part A Text 2)

——

主谓

3.

The

computer

is

the

21st

century's

culture

machine.

(2012,

Reading Comprehension, Part B)

——

主系表

4.

…poetry

of

many

kinds

gave

him

great

pleasure.

(2008,

Translation)

——

主谓双宾

5.

… even the word “habit” carries a negative implication. (2009,

Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)

——

主谓宾

第二节

简单句的核心变化

精品文档

欢迎来主页下载

精品文档

一、

谓语动词的变化

1.

谓语动词的时态

“

一般

”

时态

一般过去时：谓语动词

＝

did

（动词的过去式）

Last

year

Japan

experienced

2,125

incidents

of

school

violence... (2000,

Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)

6

…this

city

was

one

of

the

largest

human

settlements

in

the

world. (2014,

Reading Comprehension, Part B)

一般现在时：

谓语动词

＝

do / does

（

动词的原形或第三人称单数）

So far the results are inconclusive. (2009, Use of English)

But most law graduates never get a big- firm job. (2014, Reading

Comprehension, Part A Text 2)

Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the

landscapes

around sites. (2014, Reading Comprehension, Part B)

Today

it

makes

almost

no

difference.

(2000,

Reading

Comprehension, Part A

Text 2)

Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links.

精品文档

欢迎来主页下载

精品文档

(2001,

Translation)

一般将来时：谓语动词

＝

will + do

或

am / is / are going to + do

We

will

have

a

less

civil

society.

(2004,

Reading

Comprehension, Part A Text 4)

I

don’t

know

if

other

clients

are

going

to

abandon

me,

too...(2004, Reading

Comprehension, Part A Text 3)

…the

problems

will

be

different.

(2002,

Reading

Comprehension, Part A Text 1)

Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies

are going to

be

able

to

compete

in

such

a

rich

and

hotly-contested

market.

(2005,

Translation)

7

（一般）

过去将来时：

＝

would + do

或

was / were going

to + do

They gave justices permanent positions so they would be free

to upset those

in power ...(2012, Use of English)

…

it

simply

didn

’

t

foresee

what

would

happen

next.

(2012,

精品文档

欢迎来主页下载

精品文档

Reading

Comprehension, Part A Text 2)

For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors…

was going to

be the next casualty.(2000, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)

“

< br>进行

”

时态

过去进行时：谓语动词

＝

was / were + doing

He

was

searching

for

tiny

engraved

seals...

(2014,

Reading

Comprehension,

Part B)

Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board

of Hartford

Financial Services Group... (2011, Reading Comprehension, Part A

Text 2)

现在进行时：谓语动词

＝

am / is / are + doing

Home

prices

are

holding

steady

in

most

regions.

(2004,

Reading

Comprehension, Part A Text 3)

Every

cat

with

an

owner…is

running

a

small

-scale

study

in

operant

conditioning. (2009, Use of English)

8

精品文档

欢迎来主页下载

---

精品文档

将来进行时：谓语动词

＝

will be + doing

（其中

be

动词永远用原

形

be

）

过去将来进行时：谓语动词

＝

would be + doing

（其中

be

动词永

远用原形

be

）

以上 两种时态在考研真题当中，

几乎不出现，

建议考研的同学们不用

掌握。

“

完成

”

时态

过去完成时：谓语动词

＝

had + done

He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for

$$20 worth of

gambling. (2006, Reading Comprehension, Part B)

The

interviewers

had

ratedapplicants

on

a

scale

of

one

to

five.(2013, Use of

English)

…he

expressed

the

opinion

that

in

two

or

three

respects

his

mind had changed

during the preceding twenty or thirty years. (2008, Translation)

Roman Catholicism had been the state religion... (2007, Use of

English)

现在完成时：谓语动词

＝

have / has + done

Time…has

given

them

legitimacy.

(2014,

Reading

Comprehension, Part A Text

精品文档

欢迎来主页下载

精品文档

3)

The

ethical

judgments

of

the

Supreme

Court

justices

have

become an

important issue recently.(2012, Use of English)

For

the

most

part,

the

response

has

been

favorable...

(2011,

Reading

Comprehension, Part A Text 1)

9

Most

leading

retailers

have

already

tried

e-commerce,

with

limited success,

and expansion abroad. (2010, Reading Comprehension, Part B)

Families

have

also

experienced

changes

these

years.

(2004,

Use of English)

将来完成时：谓语动词

＝

will have + done

… relaxation will be in front of smell

-television, and digital age

will have

arrived. (2001, Translation)

“

完成进行

”

时态

现在完成进行时：谓语动词

＝

have / has been + doing

角度相同

都表示

“

现在的之前

”

两种时态

现在完成时

have/has + done

精品文档

欢迎来主页下载

精品文档

现在完成进行时

have/has been + doing

强调不同

强调结果（做完与否都可以）

强调过程

例句

We have not won the match.

We have been working hard

for

several months.

That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades.

(2003, Reading

Comprehension, Part A Text 1)

Bankers

have

been

blaming

themselves

for

their

troubles

in

public. (2010,

Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)

10

过去完成进行时：谓语动词

＝

had been + doing

将来完成进行时：谓语动词

＝

will have been + doing

以上两种在考研真题中没有出现过，不用掌握。

真题演练：

请用下划线标出谓语动词 的部分，

并判断谓语动词的时态及时态表达

的含义。

1.

received

one

for

its

“one

-

click”

online

payment

system. (2010,

Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)

精品文档

欢迎来主页下载

精品文档

2.

… insects would eat us up ifbird

s failed to control them.(2010,

Translation)

3.

I am going to suggest that it is not true. (2006, Translation)

4.

We

will

become

a

second- rate

country.

(2004,

Reading

Comprehension, Part A

Text 4)

5.

And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental

disorders.

(2006, Use of English)

6.

Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. (2008,

Reading

Comprehension, Part A Text 1)

7.

A

growing

number

of

researchers

and

organisations

are

now

thinking

seriously about that question. (2013, Reading Comprehension, Part

A Text 3)

8.

Foreign-made

cars

and

textiles

were

sweeping

into

the

domestic market.(2000,

Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)

11

9.

By

1830

the

former

Spanish

and

Portuguese

colonies

had

become

精品文档

欢迎来主页下载

精品文档

independent nations. (2007, Use of English)

10.

Americans’

life

expectancy

has

nearly

doubled

over

the

past

century. (2003,

Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)

11. This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in

the social

sciences too. (2012, Translation)

12. … for a c

entury, past conditions of life have been conditionally

speeding up...

(2000, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)

2.

谓语动词的情态

考研中常出现的情态动词如下：

现在时

过去时

must

无

can

Could

will

Would

shall

（考研真题中不常出现）

Should

may

Might

以上几个情态动词详细用法如下：

情态

含义

真题例句

12

动词

精品文档

欢迎来主页下载

精品文档

must

“

必须

”

…

we

must

also

tread

with

caution.

(2012,

Reading C

omprehension, Part B)

Scientists must communicate their message to the

public in a compassionate, understandable way...

(2003, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)

can

could

“

能

够

／

可

以

”

… and the right mental workoutscan significantly

improve our basic cognitive functions.(2014, Use of

English)

Similarly, the physical act of laughter could improve

mood.(2011, Use of English)

will

would

“

愿

意

／

将

要

”

（表示

“

将要

”

时常用于将来

时态）

精品文档

欢迎来主页下载

精品文档

Will you marry me?

The first draft will appear on the page... (2008,

Reading Comprehension, Part B)

Potential home buyerswould cheer for lower interest

rates. (2004, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)

may

might

“

可

以

／

可

能

”

… expressionsmay influence emotions rather than just

the other way around.(2011, Use of English)

Such bodily reaction might conceivably help

moderate the effects of psychological stress.(2011,

Use of English)

should

“

应

该

”

America

should

follow.

(2014,

Reading

Comprehensi

13

on, Part A Text 2)

Those suffering from persistent nightmares should

seek help from a therapist. (2005, Reading

Comprehension, PartA, Text3)

除了表示

“

情绪和态度

”

精品文档

欢迎来主页下载

精品文档

The

details

may

be

unknowable...

(2010,

Reading

Comprehension, Part A Text

4)

Such searches can take years. (2014, Reading Comprehension,

Part B)

…

this

loss

of

mental

focus

can

potentially

have

a

damaging

impact on our

professional, social, and personalwellbeing. (2014, Use of English)

情态动词的用法变体：

… the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led

to misleading

interpretation of what happened.(2010, Use of English)

Now something similar could be happening in the oceans. (2006,

Reading

Comprehension, Part A Text 3)

真题演练：

请用下划线标出谓语动词的部分，并找到情态动词，写出含义。

1.

Could it really be that simple? (2013, Reading Comprehension,

Part A Text 2)

14

2.

Employers

wouldn’t

mind

a

little

fewer

bubbles

in

the

job

market. (2004,

精品文档

欢迎来主页 下载

---

精品文档

Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)

3.

These

can

only

come

from

a

well- grounded

understanding

of

the legal system.

(2007, Translation)

4.

In such a case, the company’s response may not be sufficiently

quick or

thoughtful... (2011, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)

5.

Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the

next... (2008,

Reading Comprehension, Part B)

6.

Big

retailers

must

understand

these

differences

before

they

can identify the

segments

of

European

wholesaling

...

(2010,

Reading

Comprehension, Part B)

3.

谓语动词的语态

被动语态的构成：

be + done

Unfortunately,

these

critics

are…forgotten.

(2010,

Reading

Comprehension,

Part A Text 1)

被动语态与时态的结合

For example, lighting was always changed on a Sunday.(2010,

Use of English)

精品文档

欢迎来主页下载

精品文档

Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. (2002,

Reading

Comprehension, Part A Text 2)

15

The

truth

will

not

be

known

for

years.

(2010,

Reading

Comprehension, Part A

Text 4)

But

the

great

universal

of

male

mortality

is

being

changed.

(2000, Reading

Comprehension, Part A Text 2)

The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic

intellectual

discipline in European universities. (2007, Translation)

被动语态与情态的结合

In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much

reduced. (2013,

Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)

… weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by

stronger, more

advanced

races

and

societies.

(2009,

Reading

Comprehension,

Part B)

真题演练：

精品文档

欢迎来主页下载

精品文档

请用下划线标出谓语动词的部分，

并找到被动语态，

分辨被动是与

时态还是情态相结合并理

解其含义。

1.

“Benefits”

have

been

weighed

against

“harmful”

outcomes.

(2002, Use of

English)

2.

Research

institutions

could

be

opened

to

tours...(2003,

Reading

Comprehension, Part A Text 2)

3.

A

great

deal

of

attention

is

being

paid

today

to

the

so-called

digital divide...

(2001, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)

16

4.

People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery.

(2006, Reading

Comprehension, Part A Text 4)

5.

The

sentences

within

each

paragraph

should

be

related

to

a

single topic. (2008,

Reading Comprehension, Part B)

6.

Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting

their own

products. (2011, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)

精品文档

< br>欢迎来主页下载

---

精品文档

4.

谓语动词的否定

American

professors

did

not

possess

one.

(2011,

Reading

Comprehension, Part B)

They

do

not

fund

peer-reviewed

research.

(2014,

Reading

Comprehension,

Part A Text 3)

To

be

sure,

the

future

is

not

all

rosy.

(2013,

Reading

Comprehension, Part A

Text 3)

With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor ...

(2002,

Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)

…average

height…hasn’t

really

changed

since

1960.

(2008,

Reading

Comprehension, Part A Text 3)

5.

补充：谓语动词的强调

17

Although

the

figure

may

vary,

analysts

do

agree

on

another

matter: ... (2006,

Use of English)

But science does provide us with the best available guide to the

future… (2005,

精品文档

---

精品文档

< br>

Reading Comprehension, PartA, Text2)

It did know he had a problem. (2006, Reading Comprehension,

Part B)

二、

主语、宾语、表语的变化

（一）名词、代词作主语、宾语、表语

The process is natural selection. (2008, Use of English)

But most law graduates never get a big- firm job. (2014, Reading

Comprehension, Part A Text 2)

They

financed

them.

(2001,

Reading

Comprehension,

Part

A

Text 2)

（二）非谓语动词

doing

作主语、宾语

1. doing

作主语

..suffering is inevitable... (2014, Translation)

…laughing

probably

has

little

influence

on

physical

fitness.

(2011, Use of

English)

Making friends is extremely important to teenagers...(2003, Use

of English)

…buthaving

only

a

foggy

view

of

the

future

is

of

little

good.

(2007, Reading

Comprehension, Part B)

18

精品文档

欢迎来主页下载

精品文档

2. doing

作宾语

Americans

stopped

taking

prosperity

for

granted.

(2000,

Reading

Comprehension, Part A Text 1)

Thinking is essentially a process of making connections in the

brain. (2014, Use

of English)

（三）非谓语动词

to do

作主语、宾语、表语

1. to do

做主语

…to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. (2009, Reading

Comprehension,

Part A Text 1)

To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to

start with the

Puritans’

theological

innovations

and

their

distinctive

ideas

about

the church...

(2009, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)

It is important to do so.(2002, Use of English)

It

is

painful

to

read

these

roundabout

accounts

today.

(2010,

Translation)

2. to do

作宾语

They

may

then

decide

to

go

elsewhere.

(2011,

Reading

精品文档

欢迎来主页下载

精品文档

Comprehension, Part

B)

19

Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. (2005,

Reading

Comprehension, PartA, Text2)

The

brain

finds

it

best

to

keep

smell

receptors

available

for

unfamiliar and

emergency signals… (2005, Use of English)

3. to do

作表语

The

trick

is

to

direct

these

funds

better.

(2013,

Reading

Comprehension, Part

B)

… one benefit of a “national” organization would be to negotiate

better

prices… with drug manufacturers. (2005, Reading Comprehension,

PartB)

（四）并列多个主语／宾语／表语

Science

and

technology

would

cure

all

the

ills

of

humanity...

(2013, Reading

Comprehension, Part A Text 3)

Social

science

disciplines

include

geography,

economics,

精品文档

欢迎来主页下载

精品文档

political science,

psychology, and sociology. (2003, Translation)

That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting

foreign

corporations

run

uncontrolled.

(2001,

Reading

Comprehension,

Part A Text 2)

…it

involves

setting

specific

goals,

obtaining

immediate

feedback and

concentrating… technique... (2007, Reading Comprehension, Part

A Text 1)

20

In

both

oral

and

written

English,

talking

is

triumphing

over

speaking,

spontaneity

over

craft.

(2005,

Reading

Comprehension,

PartA,

Text4)

The

researchers

mapped

not

only

the

city’s

vast

and

ornate

ceremonial areas,

but

also

hundreds

of

simpler

apartment

complexes...

(2014,

Reading

Comprehension, Part B)

Surveys

can

cover

a

single

large

settlement

or

entire

landscapes. (2014,

精品文档

欢迎来主页下载

精品文档

Reading Comprehension, Part B)

…the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies

or to come

together

nationally

in

a

different

way.

(2001,

Reading

Comprehension, Part A

Text 1)

…today’s

immigration

is

neither

at

unprecedented

levels

nor

resistant to

assimilation. (2006, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)

真题演练：

找到主语的部分，并判断是什么来充当的。

1.

To

read

such

books

today

is

to

marvel

at

the

fact...

(2010,

Reading

Comprehension, Part A Text 1)

2.

…spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as

inflation. (2014,

Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)

3.

It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this

overwhelmingly

significant phase in European history.(2005, Translation)

21

4.

Setting

the

proper

investment

level

for

security,

redundancy,

精品文档

欢迎来主页下载

---

精品文档

and recovery is a

management

issue,

not

a

technical

one...

(2007,

Reading

Comprehension, Part

A Text 4)

5.

Terrorism,

economic

uncertainties

and

general

feelings

of

insecurity have

increased people’s anxiety. (2005, Reading Comprehension, PartA,

Text3)

找到宾语／表语的部分，并判断是什么来充当的。

6.

Americans

have

generally

stopped

growing.

(2008,

Reading

Comprehension,

Part A Text 3)

7.

…artists’

only

job

is

to

explore

emotions...

(2

006,

Reading

Comprehension,

Part A Text 4)

8.

Owning slaves was “like having a large bank account”.. . (2008,

Reading

Comprehension, Part A Text 4)

9.

… the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service ...

(2004, Reading

Comprehension, Part A Text 1)

10. In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more

精品文档

欢迎来主页下载

精品文档

on

co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and

training.

(2005, Translation)

第二章

简单句的扩展

第一节

词性角度的扩展

22

一

、限定词修饰名词

The

roughly

20

million

inhabitants

of

these

nations

looked

hopefully to the

future. (2007, Use of English)

By

the

third

generation,

one

third

of

Hispanic

women

are

married to

non-Hispanics,

and

41

percent

of

Asian-American

women

are

married to

non-Asians. (2006, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)

Mark

Twain’s

Huckleberry

Finn

exemplified

American

anti- intellectualism.

(2004, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)

Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy.

(2010,

Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)

精品文档

欢迎来主页下载

精品文档

二、形容词

adj./

副词

adv.

（一）形容词、副词作修饰成分

The

idea

seems

promising

，

and

Rosenberg

is

a

perceptive

observer. (2012,

Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)

Their thinking often had a traditional superstitious quality. (2009,

Reading

Comprehension, Part A Text 4)

…and

the

right

mental

workouts

can

significantly

improve

our

basic cognitive

functions. (2014, Use of English)

23

Strangely,

it

has

involved

little

physical

change.

(2000,

Reading

Comprehension, Part A Text 2)

The

tourist

streams

are

not

entirely

separate.

(2006,

Reading

Comprehension,

Part A Text 2)

…because they are so closely tied.(2012, Use of English)

真题演练：

请划出形容词和副词的部分，并且判断其作用。

1.

Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely

精品文档

欢迎来主页 下载

---

精品文档

and exclusively

physical: sound. (2014, Translation)

2.

Predictably,

and

regrettably,

Quebec

refused

to

join.

(2005,

Reading

Comprehension, Part B)

3.

In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching

and training.

(2009, Translation)

4.

Every

Justice

rightly

rejected

this

remarkable

claim.

(2013,

Reading

Comprehension, Part A Text 4)

5.

Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United

States. (2009,

Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)

（二）形容词、副词的三种比较级别

24

adj.

／

adv.

的

3

种比较

级别

形式

真题例句

原级比较

as + adj./adv.

原形（比

较的内容）

+ as

＋比

精品文档

欢迎来主页下载

精品文档

较的对象

“

和

……

相

比

一

样

的

……”

Few people are as fertile as in the past. (2000,

Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)

The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as

the criticism. (2014, Reading Comprehension, Part

A Text 3)

比较级

adj./adv.

的比较级

(

＋

than

＋

比较的对象

)

“(

< br>比

……)

更

……”

通常用于两者之间的比

较

…younger, healthier people can realize their

potential.(2003, Reading Comprehension, Part A

Text 4)

Rich economies are also less dependent on oil

than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in

the oil price. (2002, Reading Comprehension, Part

A Text 3)

最高级

adj./adv.

的最高级

(

＋

介词短语表示比较的范

精品文档

欢迎来主页下载

精品文档

围

)

“(……

范围内

)

最

……”

< br>

Some of the biggest developments will be in

medicine... (2001, Translation)

The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of

money... (2014, Reading Comprehension, Part A

Text 2)

25

通常用于三者或以上的

比较

真题演练：

请划出形容词、

副词的比较部分及比较的对象，

并且判断是哪一种级

别。

1.

At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome.

(2012, Reading

Comprehension, Part A Text 4)

2.

The most advanced computer systems on Earth can't approach

that kind of

ability... (2002, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)

3.

As a

mere

68-year-old,

I

wish to age

as

productively

as

they

have. (2003,

Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)

精品文档

欢迎来主页下载