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牛津英语模块六第二单元单词M6U2 Words

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2021-02-19 13:17
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2021年2月19日发(作者:囿于)


M6U2 Words and expressions


1. surround



vt.



=be around




The firemen surrounded the burning building.


The original builders surrounded the city by[with] a wall.


【< /p>


Derivation




surrounding



adj.



The surrounding land is low and marshy


surroundings



n.



周围的事物



Children are living in pleasant surroundings



Discrimination




a.


environment


意为< /p>



环境


,


周围状况


,


自然环境



一 个生物体或一群生物体周围的整体状况


,


尤其指


作用和影响这群生物体的生长


,


发展和生存的外界物质 条件的总和


.



e.g.



The twins were separated at birth and brought up in entirely different environment.



b. surrounding


常用复数形式


,



环境


,


周围的事物



词义较狭窄


,


仅指周围的具体 的物质性的东西


.


e.g.



The students live happily in beautiful surroundings.


2. suffering



n.


1)


身体或心灵的痛苦


,


苦难




The medication should ease the suffering.


这种疗法能减轻痛苦。



2)


各种苦恼


;


折磨




She bore her sufferings bravely.


她勇敢地承受苦难的遭遇。




Derivation




suffer



vi.



受痛苦


;


受损害


;


(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦


,


受难


,


受折磨




I'll make you suffer for this insolence.


suffer from


1)



(


某种病


);



(


某种病痛


)


折磨


;



(


疾病


)


而痛或不舒服




You must have suffered from a cold.


你一定是感冒了。



2)




而 受罚(苦


,


损)


;



...


而更糟


;



...


之苦




Sometimes I still suffer from these weaknesses.


有时我还是在吃这些弱点的苦头。



vt. a.


忍受


,


容忍



He could not suffer criticism.


他不能忍受别人批评他。



b.


容许


,


允许



He suffered nobody to touch his flower.


他不允许任何人碰他的花。



c.


遭受


,


蒙受



He suffered the humiliation of being forced to resign.


他蒙受了被迫辞职的羞辱



3. goodwill



n.


1)


友好


,


亲善


,


善意


,


友善




There is goodwill between the former enemies.


过去的敌对者之间现在有了亲善之意。



2) (


企业的


)

信誉


,


声誉


,


商誉




We paid



10, 000 for the shop, and



2000 for its goodwill.


我们用一万英镑买下了这家商店


,


两千英镑买下了它的信誉。




Antonym





illwill


恶意



4. junior



a. 1



younger; lower in rank; shorter in length of tenure or service


——


senior













2



used of the third or next to final year in United States high school or college




e.g. He has junior position in the company.


他在这家公司担任一个低级职务









John Smith Junior is the son of John Smith.


小约翰


·


史密斯是约翰


·


史密 斯的儿子。









Mike is already a junior.


迈克已经大学三年级了。



- 1 -








He is three years junior to me.


他比我小三岁。









She teaches a junior class.


她教一个低年级班。



5. apart



adv.


1)


相距


,


相隔



The two buildings are eight metres apart.


这两栋楼相距八米远。



2)


分离


,


分开



Take a machine apart.


把机器拆开。



He tore the cooked chicken apart and began to eat it.


他把煮好的鸡肉撕开就开始吃起来。


< br>【


Collocation




a. apart from



1)


除了;若无,要不是




The whole world seemed to be sleeping, apart from Barbara.


除了芭芭拉,整个世界看上去都在沉睡。




2)


除去,撇开

< br>…


来说


(


表示除



以外尚有


)


,此外,加之< /p>




Apart from some spelling mistakes, the composition is fairly good.


除了一些拼写错误


,


这篇文章写得很不错。



Apart from that, all goes well.


撇开那一点


,


一切顺利。



b. fall apart


The book was old and soon fell apart.


这书已有年月


,


没隔多久书页都脱落了。



This cup just fell apart in my hands.


不知怎的


,


我手里的这只杯子破碎了。



c. take apart


拆开


tear apart


弄乱


tell apart


区分


come apart


崩溃


set apart


区别,突出



6. severe


1)


极为恶劣的


;


十分严重的




The party suffered severe losses during the last election.


该党在上次选举中遭到惨败


.


A severe shortage of qualified staff.


合格员工的严重短缺



2)


严厉的


;


重的




The courts are becoming more severe on young offenders.


法庭对青少年犯罪者的处罚趋于严厉。



A severe punishment/sentence


重罚;重判



3)


严厉的


;


苛刻的




a severe look/ expression


严厉的神态


/


表情




D erivation




n. severity



1)


严格


,


严厉


,


苛刻




His severity scared the children away.


他的严厉吓跑了孩子们。



2)


严重;剧烈




The disease ranges widely in severity.


这种病的严重程度可以很不同。



The drug can reduce the frequency and severity of attacks.


这种药能降低发病次数和严重程度。



7. in good spirits


spirits (pl.)


情绪


,


兴致


,


心情


,


烈酒


,


酒精



He alternated between high spirits and low spirits.


他一会高兴一会沮丧。



spirit


精神、心灵



Cancer destroyed her body but not her spirit.


癌症摧残了她的身体


,


却摧毁不了她的精神。



The article breathes the spirit of the age.


这篇文章反映出时代精神。



the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak


心有余而力不足




Derivation




adj.



spiritual ['spiritju


?


l, -t


?


u


?


l] spiritual nature


心灵本质


spiritual leader


宗教领袖



- 2 -


iation



n.


1)


欣赏


,


鉴赏


,


赏识




I have now developed an appreciation of poetry.


我现在会欣赏诗歌了。



The course aims to develop the children’s appreciation of music in performance.



该课程旨在培养孩子欣赏音乐演奏的能力。



She gazed in appreciation at the scene.


她赞赏地看着这景色。



2)


评定;判断;鉴定




She had no appreciation of the difficulties we were facing.


她不了解我们所面临的困难。



There is a growing appreciation of the need for change.


改革的迫切性愈来愈为人们所认识。



3) (


尤指土地或财产的


)


增值




4)


感激;感谢




I would like to express my appreciation and thanks to you all.


我想对你们所有人表达我的感激和谢意。



I’ll be sending them a donation in appreciation of their help.



我将送给他们一笔捐款以感谢他们的帮助。



Show your appreciation by little acts of kindness.


通过点滴善行来表达你的谢意。



9. sorrow



n.


1)


悲痛


,


悲伤


;


遗憾


,


懊悔




I must convert sorrow into strength.


我要化悲痛为力量。



2)


不幸的事


;


忧患




The many sorrows turned her hair white.


这许多的不幸事使她的头发变白了。


< p>


Derivation




sorrowful



adj.


悲伤的,伤心的



10. accomplish



vt.



完成了的;实现了的;竣工的



vt. 1)


完成


,


实现


,


做成功




My grandmother has accomplished the age of 97 years of her life.


我祖母已达

97


岁高龄。



2)

< p>
达到


(


目的


)

< p>
;完成


(


任务、使命、计划、事业等


)


;实现


(


诺言、计划等< /p>


)



This task is accomplished by great effort.


这项任务是经过巨大努力才完成的。



3)


做到,做成,做成功




She seems to accomplish nothing.


她似乎没有任何建树。





Derivation

< p>



accomplishment



n.


成就;完成



accomplished



a.


完成的;熟练的



< br>Discrimination




1. achieve


v.“


成功取 得,实现美好的事物



,后面不接贬义词做宾语。



如不能说:



The team achieved failure.



2. complete


强调



完整



,常跟建筑、工程、书籍等词语连用,指按预期目标把未完成的工作 经


过进一步的努力使之完成,语气比


finish


正式,


但很多情况下可以和


finish

< p>
通用。


complete


后面

只能接名词。如:



Lucy wanted to complete the first chapter of her book before going to bed.



3. finish


强调



结束




最常用,


后接动词的


-ing


形式,


表示在一个活动的连续过程中完成了最后


的一步或阶段。在做把什么东西



吃完、喝 完



解时,不能用


complete< /p>


代替。如:




When he finished speaking, we all applauded.



4. accomplish


带有



圆满完成



之意,后面常跟任务、目的、旅程。如:




Fred can accomplish more in a day than any other boy in his class.


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