-
M6U2 Words and expressions
1.
surround
vt.
=be around
The firemen surrounded the burning
building.
The original builders
surrounded the city by[with] a wall.
【<
/p>
Derivation
】
surrounding
adj.
The surrounding land is low
and marshy
surroundings
n.
周围的事物
Children
are living in pleasant surroundings
【
p>
Discrimination
】
a.
environment
意为<
/p>
环境
,
周围状况
,
自然环境
一
个生物体或一群生物体周围的整体状况
,
尤其指
作用和影响这群生物体的生长
,
发展和生存的外界物质
条件的总和
.
e.g.
The twins were separated at
birth and brought up in entirely different
environment.
b. surrounding
常用复数形式
,
指
环境
,
周围的事物
词义较狭窄
,
仅指周围的具体
的物质性的东西
.
e.g.
The students live happily in beautiful
surroundings.
2. suffering
n.
1)
身体或心灵的痛苦
,
苦难
The medication should ease the
suffering.
这种疗法能减轻痛苦。
2)
各种苦恼
;
折磨
She bore her
sufferings
bravely.
她勇敢地承受苦难的遭遇。
【
Derivation
】
suffer
vi.
受痛苦
;
受损害
;
(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
,
受难
,
受折磨
I'll make you suffer for this
insolence.
suffer from
1)
p>
患
(
某种病
);
受
(
某种病痛
)
折磨
;
因
(
疾病
)
而痛或不舒服
You must have suffered
from a cold.
你一定是感冒了。
2)
因
…
而
受罚(苦
,
损)
;
因
...
而更糟
;
受
...
之苦
Sometimes I still suffer
from these
weaknesses.
有时我还是在吃这些弱点的苦头。
vt. a.
忍受
,
容忍
He could not
suffer criticism.
他不能忍受别人批评他。
b.
容许
,
允许
He suffered
nobody to touch his
flower.
他不允许任何人碰他的花。
c.
遭受
,
蒙受
He suffered
the humiliation of being forced to
resign.
他蒙受了被迫辞职的羞辱
3. goodwill
n.
1)
友好
,
亲善
,
善意
,
友善
There is goodwill between
the former
enemies.
过去的敌对者之间现在有了亲善之意。
2) (
企业的
)
信誉
,
声誉
,
商誉
We paid
£
10, 000 for the shop, and
£
2000 for its goodwill.
我们用一万英镑买下了这家商店
,
两千英镑买下了它的信誉。
【
Antonym
】
illwill
恶意
4. junior
a.
1
)
younger; lower in rank;
shorter in length of tenure or
service
——
senior
2
)
used of the
third or next to final year in United States high
school or college
e.g. He has junior position in the
company.
他在这家公司担任一个低级职务
John Smith
Junior is the son of John Smith.
小约翰
·
史密斯是约翰
·
史密
斯的儿子。
Mike is already a
junior.
迈克已经大学三年级了。
- 1 -
He is three years junior to me.
他比我小三岁。
She teaches a junior class.
她教一个低年级班。
5.
apart
adv.
1)
相距
,
相隔
The two buildings are eight metres
apart.
这两栋楼相距八米远。
2)
分离
,
分开
Take a machine
apart.
把机器拆开。
He
tore the cooked chicken apart and began to eat
it.
他把煮好的鸡肉撕开就开始吃起来。
< br>【
Collocation
】
a. apart from
1)
除了;若无,要不是
The whole world seemed to be sleeping,
apart from Barbara.
除了芭芭拉,整个世界看上去都在沉睡。
2)
除去,撇开
< br>…
来说
(
表示除
…
以外尚有
)
,此外,加之<
/p>
Apart from some
spelling mistakes, the composition is fairly good.
除了一些拼写错误
,
这篇文章写得很不错。
Apart
from that, all goes
well.
撇开那一点
,
一切顺利。
b. fall
apart
The book was old and soon fell
apart.
这书已有年月
,
没隔多久书页都脱落了。
This
cup just fell apart in my
hands.
不知怎的
,
我手里的这只杯子破碎了。
c.
take apart
拆开
tear apart
弄乱
tell apart
区分
come apart
崩溃
set apart
区别,突出
6. severe
1)
极为恶劣的
;
十分严重的
The party suffered severe losses during
the last
election.
该党在上次选举中遭到惨败
.
A severe shortage of qualified
staff.
合格员工的严重短缺
2)
严厉的
;
重的
The courts are becoming more severe on
young
offenders.
法庭对青少年犯罪者的处罚趋于严厉。
A severe
punishment/sentence
重罚;重判
3)
严厉的
;
苛刻的
a
severe look/ expression
严厉的神态
/
表情
【
D
erivation
】
n.
severity
1)
严格
,
严厉
,
苛刻
His severity scared the
children away.
他的严厉吓跑了孩子们。
2)
严重;剧烈
The disease ranges widely
in severity.
这种病的严重程度可以很不同。
The drug can reduce the frequency and
severity of
attacks.
这种药能降低发病次数和严重程度。
7. in good spirits
spirits
(pl.)
情绪
,
兴致
,
心情
,
烈酒
,
酒精
He alternated between high spirits and
low spirits.
他一会高兴一会沮丧。
spirit
精神、心灵
Cancer destroyed her body but not her
spirit.
癌症摧残了她的身体
,
却摧毁不了她的精神。
The
article breathes the spirit of the
age.
这篇文章反映出时代精神。
the spirit is willing but the flesh is
weak
心有余而力不足
【
Derivation
】
adj.
spiritual
['spiritju
?
l, -t
?
u
?
l] spiritual
nature
心灵本质
spiritual
leader
宗教领袖
- 2 -
iation
n.
1)
欣赏
,
鉴赏
,
赏识
I have now developed an appreciation of
poetry.
我现在会欣赏诗歌了。
The course aims to develop the
children’s appreciation of music in
performance.
该课程旨在培养孩子欣赏音乐演奏的能力。
She gazed in appreciation at the
scene.
她赞赏地看着这景色。
2)
评定;判断;鉴定
She had no appreciation of
the difficulties we were
facing.
她不了解我们所面临的困难。
There is a growing appreciation of the
need for
change.
改革的迫切性愈来愈为人们所认识。
3) (
尤指土地或财产的
)
增值
4)
感激;感谢
I would like to express my appreciation
and thanks to you all.
我想对你们所有人表达我的感激和谢意。
I’ll be sending them a donation in
appreciation of their help.
我将送给他们一笔捐款以感谢他们的帮助。
Show your appreciation by little acts
of kindness.
通过点滴善行来表达你的谢意。
9. sorrow
n.
1)
悲痛
,
悲伤
;
遗憾
,
懊悔
I must convert sorrow into
strength.
我要化悲痛为力量。
2)
不幸的事
;
忧患
The many sorrows turned her hair
white.
这许多的不幸事使她的头发变白了。
【
Derivation
】
sorrowful
adj.
悲伤的,伤心的
10.
accomplish
vt.
完成了的;实现了的;竣工的
vt.
1)
完成
,
实现
,
做成功
My grandmother has accomplished the age
of 97 years of her life.
我祖母已达
97
岁高龄。
2)
达到
(
目的
)
;完成
(
任务、使命、计划、事业等
)
;实现
(
诺言、计划等<
/p>
)
This task is
accomplished by great effort.
这项任务是经过巨大努力才完成的。
3)
做到,做成,做成功
She seems to accomplish
nothing.
她似乎没有任何建树。
【
Derivation
】
accomplishment
n.
成就;完成
accomplished
a.
完成的;熟练的
【
< br>Discrimination
】
1. achieve
v.“
成功取
得,实现美好的事物
”
,后面不接贬义词做宾语。
如不能说:
The
team achieved failure.
2.
complete
强调
“
完整
”
,常跟建筑、工程、书籍等词语连用,指按预期目标把未完成的工作
经
过进一步的努力使之完成,语气比
finish
正式,
但很多情况下可以和
finish
通用。
complete
后面
只能接名词。如:
Lucy wanted to
complete the first chapter of her book before
going to bed.
3. finish
强调
“
结束
”
,
最常用,
后接动词的
-ing
形式,
表示在一个活动的连续过程中完成了最后
p>
的一步或阶段。在做把什么东西
“
吃完、喝
完
”
解时,不能用
complete<
/p>
代替。如:
When he finished speaking, we all
applauded.
4. accomplish
p>
带有
“
圆满完成
”
之意,后面常跟任务、目的、旅程。如:
Fred can accomplish more in
a day than any other boy in his class.
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