-
冠词错误
一、冠词残缺
（一）缺少不定冠词
a/an
单数可
数泛指某一不确定的人或事物，应加不定冠词
a/an
。单数名
词有形容词修饰的，冠
词放在形容词前面，而非名词前面。冠词后的名词或者形容词首音
为辅音的，加
a
；单词首音
为元音的，
加
an
。
注
意：有些单词首字母是元音字母，但首音并不发元音的，其前的不定冠词要用
a
。如：
university, useful, usual,Eur
ope(
首音均发半元音
[j]
）
, one
（首音为
[w]
）
有些单词首字母是辅音字母，但首音却发元音的，
其前的不定冠词
an
。如：
hour, honest, honorable, unusual
１、冠词后的名词前有形容词的情形（此种情形由于被分割，很容易忽略，考得也最多）< p>
：
（
2013O1
）
It
is
such
great
hotel
that
I
would
recommend
it
to
any
friend
of
me
who
is
going
to
Beijing.
（
2010O2
）
?
In other words, we would be
separated long time.
（
2007O
2
）
I meant to write long
letter and tell you all the things I' m doing at
school, but the bell
was ringing, so I
just have to stop here.
（
200
5O3
）②
I hope
you’ve
had pleasant journey home and
will come to China again sometimes in
the future.
（
2002O2
）
As everyone
knows.
it’s famous
mountain
with all kinds of plants and animal.
（<
/p>
2000
春）②
I’ll take
this
chance wish you wonderful time on
your birthday.
２、冠词后的名词前无形容词的情形：
If you'd like to make trip to our city
some day, I will be better than happy to be your
guide.
（
2004O2
）<
/p>
I'm sure they will laugh to me and see
me as fool.
（
2010O1
< br>）②
There
was
Uncle
Chen,
gentleman
living near
my
house,
who
was
a
very
much
famous writer.
1
３、注意固定词组中的冠词不能缺少。
（
2014N1
）
As
result, the plants are growing somewhere.
4.
在
such
或
so +
形容词与单数可数名词连用时，不可缺
a
(an)
。如：
He is such
∧
(an) honest boy that all
of us like him.
This is so good
∧
(a) book that I read it again.
5.
表示
“
有些
”
时，
little,
few
前面不可缺少
a
。如：
Don’t hurry. There is
∧
(a) little time left.
6. many
前有
great,
good
时，要加
a
。如：∧
(a) great many
people.
若
many
后接单数名词，中间
须有
a
(an)
。如：
Many
∧
(a) man has tried it
before.
7.
一些不可数名词前，有形容词修饰表
示
“
一种
(
场
)
等
”
时，要
加
a (an)
。如：
It’s
∧
(a) famous Chinese tea.
There
was
∧
(a) heavy rain last
night.
8.
用专有名词表示
“
一个像
(
叫
)……
的人
”
时，用
a (an),
如：
He wished to be
∧
(a) Lei Feng.
∧
(A) Mr Wang
called you up just now.
（二）缺少定冠词
the
1.
特指某一个人或者事物，特指某一些人或事物（即说话者和听话者都知道的人或者事物）
，
名词前须用定冠词
the
加以限定。考试题中的特指线索：一是前文已提到过的人或者事物，二
是已有专
有名词修饰。
但若名词前已有等限定词或者修饰语时，则不能再加定冠词了。
特指某一个人或者事物：
（
2013O2
）
As a result,
nobody knew truth.
（
2013N2<
/p>
）
This custom soon becomes
another meal of day
．
（
2009O2
）
Just
before I turned corner of Park Street, I happened
to see an accident.
（
2008O2
）
Second, I will learn more
about history of the Olympics as good as the 2008
Olympic
Games.
（
1998
）②
Each player must obey
captain, who is the leader of the team.
2
特指某一些人或者事物：
（
2011O1
）
One of my
unforgettable memory of my school in Xinjiang is
that of lunches we brought
from our
homes.
2.
“
形容词比较级
+ of the
two…”
前必须用
the
。如：
He is
∧
(the) better one of the
two.
二、冠词多余
1. <
/p>
在一些固定短语或者词组中，有些名词即使是可数名词，其前面也没有不定冠词。这可能是
由于习惯使然。
(
NMET
2000
)
?
Suddenly, I
caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.
(
2013
年
NI
)In
a
fact,
he
even
scared
my
classmates
away
during
they
came
over
to
play
or
do
homework with
。
2.
与介词
at, in,
to
连用的名词
school, class, town,
hospital, church, prison, bed
等表示与其有关
的活动时，用冠词是多余的。如：
go to the
school(
上学
), be in the
prison(
坐牢
), be in the
bed(
在
睡觉
)
3.
与
by
连用的交通工具名称和
air, land, sea
等名词前用冠词是多余的。如：
by the bike,
by the
sea, by the train
4.<
/p>
表示游戏活动而不是表示游戏工具的名词前不用冠词。如：
pla
y the / a volleyball, play the
chess,
play the table tennis
5.
由
“
专有名词
+
普
通名词
”
构成的专有名词前不用定冠词。如：
< br>the Beijing Airport, the Oxford
Street, the Hyde Park
6.
在一些固定搭配中。如：
at
the first, at the last, the most of us
7.
most
作
< br>“
非常
”
解时，前面用
the
是多余的。如：
Oh! It’s the most
beautiful!
She is the most diligent.
3
8.
含有
Day
的节日前加
the
是多余的。如：
the May Day, the
Women’s Day, the National day, the
New
Year’s Day
9.
在
“
名词
+ as /
though…”
结构中，名词前不用任何冠词。如：
a
child as he is / a fool as he is
三、错词：不定冠词和定冠词之间的误用
在短文中首次的单数可数名词，泛指一个事物时，须用不定冠词
a
< br>。
An American and a
Frenchman decided to cross the sea between France
and England in the balloon in
1784.
前文已提到过的人或者事物
,
须有定
冠词
the
加以限定。
Many countries in the world find they
don
’
t have enough water. To
deal with a problem, I think, we
should
first go all out to plant trees because trees will
help save water.
已有
same
修饰的名词，须有定冠词
the
加以限定。
We may be one family and live
under a same roof, but we do not seem to get much
time to talk about
together.
四、冠词和代词、数词之间的误用
My
teacher
advised
me
to
keep
my
diary.
（
keep
a diary
是一个固定词组，
“记日记”
；而
keep
my
diary
意思是“保留我的日记”
）
Some wanted to see the programme while
others preferred another.
（
on
e
……
another
也是固定搭配，
二者往往成对出现。
）
4
真题单句归纳
(1)
After a hour
or so we began to feel very frightened.
(a
改为
an
，因
hour
读音以元音开头
)
(
全国卷
)
(2)
I decided to
climb the tree to see where we were.
(the
改为
a
，因此处并非特指，而是泛指
)
(
全国卷
)
(3)
Some people
read the books or watch television while others
have sports.
(
去掉
the
，因这里的
books
表泛指，不表特指
)
(
全国卷
)
(4)
Good health
is person’s most
valuable possession.
(person’s
前加
a
，这里的
a
表泛指
)
(
全国卷
)
(5)
Modern people
know more about the health, have better food, and
live in clearer surroundings.
(
去掉
the
，因
health
表泛指
)
(
全国卷
)
(6)
There is
public library in every town in Britain.
(public library
前加
a
，因这里的
public library
是单数可数名词表泛指，故在其前用
a)
(
全
国卷
)
(7)
Maybe you
could come during a winter holidays.
(a
改为
the
，因从含义上看，此处的
winter
holidays
属特指或者是谈话双方都知道的
)
(
全
国卷
)
(8)
Today I
visited the Smiths
—
my
first visit to a American family.
(a
改为
an
，因
American
的读音以元音开头
)
(
全国卷
)
(9)
Each player
must obey captain, who is the leader of the team.
(captain
前加冠词
the
，
captain
为特指
)
(
全国卷
)
(10)
S
ome wanted to see the
programme while others preferred another.
(the
改为
one
，
one
与下一行的
another
构成<
/p>
“
一个
……
另一
个
”) (
全国卷
)
5
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