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Recitatif

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2021-02-19 12:54
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2021年2月19日发(作者:horas)


美国文学




结业论文





An Overview of Characters and Themes in Recitatif


Recitatif


is the only published short story by luminary African- American novelist


Toni


Morrison.


It


appeared


in


a


1983


anthology


of


writing


by


African-American


women entitled


Confirmation


, edited by Amiri and Amina Baraka.


Recitatif


tells the


story of the conflicted friendship between two girls



one black and one white



from


the time they meet and bond at age eight while staying at an orphanage through their


re-acquaintance


as


mothers


on


different


sides


of


economic,


political,


and


racial


divides in a recently gentrified town in upstate New York.



The title alludes to a style of musical declamation that hovers between song and


ordinary


speech;


it


is


used


for


dialogic


and


narrative


interludes


during


operas


and


or


atories. The term “recitatif” also once included the now


-obsolete meaning,


or


rhythm


peculiar


to


any


language.


Both


of


these


definitions


suggest


the


story's


episodic


nature,


how


each


of


the


story's


five


sections


happens


in


a


register


that


is


different from the respective ordinary lives of its two central characters, Roberta and


Twyla.


The


story's


vignettes


bring


together


the


rhythms


of


two


lives


for


five,


short


moments,


all


of


them


narrated


in


Twyla's


own


voice.


The


story


is,


then,


in


several


way


s,


Twyla's


“recitatif.”


'Recitatif'


was


an


experiment


in


the


removal


of


all


racial


codes from a narrative about two characters of different races for whom racial identity


is crucial,


Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and


the Literary Imagination


.


First


let


us


learn


something


about


the


author.


Toni


Morrison


was


born


Chloe


Anthony


Wofford


to


George


and


Rahmah


Wofford


in


1931.


The


second


of


four


children, Morrison was raised in the small Ohio town of Lorain in a tight-knit black


community.


Morrison


describes


her


father,


a


shipyard


welder,


as


a


racist.


Having


experienced virulent racism, he despised whites. Her mother, on the other hand, was


an integrationist. Both of her parents and her larger community instilled in Morrison a


strong sense of self- esteem and cultural identity.


Though


she


had


no


aspirations


of


being


a


writer


in


her


youth,


Morrison


was


always


an


avid


reader


and


a


precocious


student.


Her


imagination


was


further



1


美国文学




结业论文





nourished


by


the


folk


stories


passed


down


from


her


parents


and


grandmother.


She


attended Lorain High School and went on to Howard University, a historically black


college.



Next


l


et’s


learn


some


information


about


characters;



James


Benson


is


Twyla's


husband. He is a native of Newburgh, the town where the later part of the story takes


place. He is


and continuity that Twyla's history lacks. Joseph Benson is Twyla and James's son.


Twyla


becomes


an


activist


in


the


busing


controversy


when


Joseph


is


bused


out


of


district in order to ensure racial integration in the schools. Twyla is the main character


and


the


story's


narrator.


She


was


raised,


in


part,


at


an


orphanage



not


because


her


parents were dead, but because her mother chose or needed to


was thus unable to care for her. The fact that Twyla lacks mothering is central to her


character. She marries into a stable, rooted family and becomes a mother herself. It is


in this capacity that she becomes involved in the controversy over racial integration in


the schools and gets


into a conflict


with


Roberta, a friend from


the orphanage with


whom she has recently become reacquainted.


Twyla


is


characterized


throughout


the


story


in


terms


of


her


relationship


to


Roberta, which is often one of contrast. As in their divide over the busing crisis, these


contrasts are based around the central issue of their racial difference. Despite the fact


that


Twyla


and


Roberta


are


of


different


races


and


also,


as


the


story


progresses,


different


economic


classes,


there


are


underlying


similarities


and


shared


experiences




particularly


their


relationships


to


their


respective


mothers




that


suggest


the


possibility of understanding and friendship. However, the events of the story illustrate


that


this


possibility


is


precarious


due


to


the


social


and


cultural


pressures


that


discourage


interracial


friendship.


Maggie


works


at


the


kitchen


of


St.


Bonny’s,


the


orphanage


where


Twyla


and


Roberta


meet.


She


is


mute


and


bowlegged


and


was


herself raised in an institution.


One of Twyla’s strongest memories of St. Bonny’s is


an


incident


where


Maggie


fell


down


in


the


school’s


orchard.


Twyla


remembers


the


intimidating


older


girls


from


the


orphanage


laughing


at


Maggie


and


that


she


and


Roberta


did


nothing


to


help


her.


But


during


their


argument


over


the


busing



2

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