-
CHAPTER 1
Project Management
Concepts
True/False
1.
A project is
an endeavor to accomplish a specific objective
through a unique set of interrelated tasks
and the effective utilization of
resources.
ANSWER: T
2.
The objective
of a project is usually defined in terms of
resources, schedule, and cost.
: F
3.
A project is
carried out through a series of non-dependent
tasks
ANSWER: F
4.
A
project has a specific time frame, or finite life
span.
ANSWER: T
5.
A project is based on a unique set of
tasks and estimates of how long each task should
take.
T
6.
The
combination of assumptions and estimates allow for
complete certainty that the project objective
will be completely accomplished.
ANSWER: F
7.
The scope of a project is all the work
that must be done in order to satisfy the customer
that the
deliverables meet the
requirements or acceptance criteria agreed upon at
the onset of the project.
T
8.
The schedule
for a project is the timetable that specifies
approximately when most activities should
start.
ANSWER: F
9.
Good planning
and communication are essential to prevent
problems from occurring and to
minimize
their impact on the achievement of the project
objective when they do occur.
ANSWER: T
10.
There are
five main phases of a project life cycle.
ANSWER: F
11.
The needs and requirements are usually
written up by the customer in a document called a
request
for prices (RFP).
ANSWER: F
12.
All business
situations involve an RFP.
ANSWER: F
13.
The second phase of the
project life cycle is the development of a
proposed solution to the need or
problem
ANSWER: T
14.
The second phase of the project life
cycle is the implementation of the proposed
solution.
F
15.
The final phase of the project life
cycle is terminating the project. ANSWER: T
16.
Project life cycles typically are have
standard lengths with little variation between
different projects.
ANSWER: F
17.
Project
management involves a process of first
establishing a plan and then implementing that
plan.
ANSWER: T
18.
A
project breakdown list (PBL) is a hierarchical
tree of products produced by the project team
during the project.
ANSWER: F
19.
A network
diagram shows the necessary sequence and
interdependencies of activities to achieve the
project objective. ANSWER: T
20.
Once the project starts, it is often
not necessary to monitor progress to ensure that
everything is
going according to plan.
ANSWER: F
Multiple Choice
21.
A _C_ is an
endeavor to accomplish a specific objective
through a unique set of interrelated tasks
and the effective utilization of
resources.
a.
work schedule
b.
projection
c.
project
d.
task list
_D_ of a project
is usually defined in terms of scope, schedule,
and cost.
a.
performance
b.
schedule
c.
adjective
d.
objective
successful accomplishment of the
project objective is usually constrained by four
factors: _C_
a.
resource, cost, schedule, and customer
satisfaction
b.
scope, quality, schedule, and customer
satisfaction
c.
scope, cost, schedule, and customer
satisfaction
d.
scope, cost, schedule, and completion
of the work that must be done in order
to satisfy the customer that the deliverables meet
the
requirements or acceptance criteria
agreed upon at the onset of the project is called:
_A_
a.
scope
b.
plan
c.
schedule
d.
objective
25.
The _B_ for a project is the timetable
that specifies when each activity should start and
finish.
a.
objective
b.
schedule
c.
scope
d.
time scope
26.
Before the
start of the project, it is important to develop a
_B_, which includes all the work tasks,
associated costs, and estimates of the
time necessary to complete them.
a.
panel
b.
plan
c.
object list
d.
time frame
27.
Ultimately, the responsibility of the
project manager is to: _C_
a.
finish the
project as quickly as possible
b.
finish the
project as cheaply as possible
c.
make sure the
customer is satisfied
d.
make
independent decisions
28.
What are the
four phases of the project life cycle? _D_
a.
Identify a need, plan, develop a
proposed solution, perform the project
b.
Plan, identify
a need, develop a proposed solution, perform the
project
c.
Identify a need, develop a proposed
solution, terminate the project, repeat
d.
Identify a need, develop a proposed
solution, perform the project, terminate the
project
29.
This first phase of the project life
cycle involves the: _A_
a.
identification
of a need, problem, or opportunity
b.
contract negotiations
c.
brainstorming
solutions
d.
identifying
the tasks to be performed
30.
The need and
requirements are usually written up by the
customer in a document called a(n): _B_
a.
request for price
b.
request for
proposal
c.
request for contracts
d.
request for
bids
31.
The _B_ phase of the project life cycle
is the development of a proposed solution to the
need or
problem.
a.
first
b.
second
c.
third
d.
fourth
32.
The third
phase of the project life cycle is the : _A_
a.
implementation of the proposed solution
b.
implementation of schedule maintenance
c.
development of proposed solutions
d.
contract negotiations
33.
The _B_ phase
of the project life cycle is terminating the
project.
a.
third
b.
fourth
c.
fifth
d.
sixth
34.
The front-end effort in managing a
project must be focused on establishing a: _D_
a.
schedule
b.
user
arrangement
c.
quality
procedures
d.
baseline plan
35.
A
_C_ is a hierarchical tree of work elements or
items accomplished or produced by the project
team during the project.
a.
work load
structure
b.
project breakdown diagram
c.
work breakdown
structure
d.
project task
distribution list
36.
A _D_ diagram
shows the necessary sequence and interdependencies
of activities to achieve the
project
objective.
a.
netting
b.
breakdown
c.
time-line
d.
network
37.
The key to effective _C_ is measuring
actual progress and comparing it to planned
progress on a
timely and regular basis
and taking corrective action immediately, if
necessary.
a.
project planning
b.
work breakdown
c.
project
control
d.
quality
efficiency
Short Answer
38. What are 7 attributes of a project?
a.
A
well-defined objective
b.
Interdependent
tasks c.
Use of resources
d.
A
specific time frame
e.
A unique or
one-time endeavor
f.
A
customer
g.
Degree of
uncertainty
39. What four
factors constrain the accomplishment of a project
objective?
a.
Scope
b.
Cost
c.
Schedule
d.
Customer
satisfaction
40. What are
the four phases of the project life cycle?
a.
Identify a need b.
Develop a proposed solution
c.
Perform the project
d.
Terminate the project
41. List the
steps involved in the project management process:
a.
Clearly define the project
objective
b.
Divide and subdivide the project scope
into major piece or work packages
c. Define the specific
activities that need to be performed for each work
package
d. Graphically
portray the activities in the form of a network
diagram
e. Make a time
estimate for each activity
f. Make a cost estimate for
each activity
g. Calculate
a project schedule and budget
42. Define a
work breakdown structure.
A
work breakdown structure (WBS) is a hierarchical
tree of work elements or items accomplished or
produced by the project team during the
project. The work breakdown structure usually
identifies the
organization or
individual responsible for each work package.
43.
The baseline plan for a project should include:
a.
The start and completion dates for each
activity
b.
The amounts of the various resources
that will be needed during each time period
The budget for each time
period, as well as the cumulative budget from the
start of the project through
each time
period
CHAPTER 2
Needs
Identification
True/False
1.
Needs
resolution is the initial phase of the project
life cycle.
ANSWER: F
2.
Before a request for proposal is
prepared, the customer must clearly define the
problem or need.
T
3.
The purpose of preparing a request for
proposal is to state, comprehensively and in
detail, what is
required, from the
contractor’s point of view, to address the
identified need.
ANSWER: F
4.
In
many situations a formal RFP may not be prepared.
ANSWER: T
5.
Instead of a formal RFP sometimes needs
are communicated orally instead of in writing .
T
6.
A
statement of work (SOW) is an optional part of an
RFP.
ANSWER: F
7.
An
RFP includes the customer regulations, which
define specifications and attributes. ANSWER: F
8.
Deliverables are the tangible items
that the contractor is to supply.
ANSWER: T
9.
Any customer-
supplied items are not be listed in an RFP.
ANSWER: F
10.
In a cost
contract the customer will pay the contractor a
fixed amount regardless of how much the
work actually costs the contractor.
ANSWER: F
ss payments, based on a percentage of
the total price, are those made as certain
milestones are
accomplished. ANSWER:
T12.
An RFP should vaguely
state the schedule for completion of the project.
ANSWER: F
13.
Instructions
in an RFP might state the maximum number of pages,
the number of details the
customer
wants the contractor to show regarding the costs,
and other specifications.
ANSWER: T
14.
The RFP
should indicate the due date by which the customer
expects potential contractors to submit
proposals.
ANSWER: T
15.
In all cases
an RFP should indicate the funds the customer has
available to spend on the project
ANSWER: F
16.
Business
customers and contractors consider the
RFP/proposal process to be a competitive
situation.
ANSWER: T
17.
All project life cycles include the
preparation of a written request for proposal and
subsequent
proposals from contractors.
ANSWER: F
18. Project selection involves
evaluating various needs or opportunities, and
then deciding which of
these should be
moved forward as a project.
ANSWER: T
19. During project
selection only quantitative factors should be
evaluated.
ANSWER:
F
Multiple Choice
18.
_B__ is the initial phase of the
project life cycle.
a.
Needs
resolution
b.
Needs identification
c.
Problem
generation
d.
Brainstorming
19.
Before a _D_
is prepared, the customer must clearly define the
problem or need.
a.
Request for
solutions
b.
Request for
procedures
c.
Request for
processing
d.
Request
for proposal
20.
The purpose
of preparing a request for proposal is to state,
comprehensively and in detail, what is
required, from the customer’s point of
view, to address
the _B_.
a.
cost issues
b.
identified need
c.
technical
ideas
d.
work breakdown goals
21.
A _C_ deals
with the scope of the project, outlining the tasks
or work elements the customer wants
the
contractor or project team to perform.
a.
statement of
objectives b.
statement of
goals c.
statement of work
d.
statement of constraints
22.
The RFP must include the customer
requirements, which define _A_ and attributes.
a.
specifications b.
documents c.
spatial relations d.
activities
23.
_A_ are the
tangible items that the contractor is to supply.
a.
deliverables b.
documents c.
SOW’s d.
work
breakdowns
24.
In a _C_
contract, the customer will pay the contractor a
set amount regardless of how much the
work actually costs the contractor.
a.
flat price
b.
time-based
c.
fixed price
d.
time and
materials
25.
_D_, based on a percentage of the total
price, are those made as certain milestones are
accomplished.
a.
pattern
payments
b.
direct fees
c.
progress
statements
d.
progress payments
26.
The _A_
criteria are the criteria that the customer will
use to evaluate proposals from competing
contractors in order to select the one
to perform the project
a.
evaluation
b.
evolving
c.
schedule
d.
cost
27.
Business or
government customers may hold a _B_ meeting to
explain the RFP and answer
questions
from interested contractors.
a.
bribers
b.
bidders
c.
post-
implementation
d.
work scope
28.
The first step in the project selection
process is to: _D_
a.
estimate the
sales from the system or product
b.
list
assumptions for the opportunity
c.
study legal
barriers
d.
develop a set of criteria to evaluate
each opportunity
29.
Evaluating
various needs or opportunities, and then deciding
which should be moved forward as a
project is called: _B_
a.
Project
Decision-Making
b.
Project
Selection
c.
Project Projections
d.
Project
Sorting and Classification
Short Answer
30.
What must be
done before a request for proposal is prepared?
Before a request for
proposal is prepared, the customer must clearly
define the problem or need. This
may
mean gathering data about the magnitude of the
problem.
31.
What is the
purpose of preparing a request for proposal?
The purpose of preparing a
request for proposal is to state, comprehensively
and in detail, what is
required, from
the customer’s point of view, to address the
identified need.
32.
Give 12
guidelines for drafting a formal request for
proposal to external contractors.
a.
An RFP must
provide a statement of work (SOW)
b.
The RFP must
include the customer requirements, which define
specifications and attributes.
c.
The RFP should state what deliverables
the customer expects the contractor or project
team to
provide.
d.
The RFP should list any customer-
supplied items
e.
The RFP might
state the approvals required by the customer
f.
Some RFPs mention the type of contract
the customer intends to use
g.
An RFP might
state the payment terms the customer intends to
use
h.
The RFP should state the required
schedule for completion of the project.
i.
The RFP should provide instructions for
the format and content of the contractor
proposals.
j.
The RFP should
indicate the due date by which the customer
expects potential contractors to submit
proposals.
k.
An RFP may
include the evaluation criteria.
l.
In
rare cases an RFP will indicate the funds the
customer has available to spend on the project.
33.
What does SOW
mean?
A statement of work
(SOW) is part of an RFP and deals with the scope
of the
project, outlining
the
tasks or work elements the customer
wants the
contractor or
project team to perform.
34.
Give examples of evaluation criteria
that might be included in an RFP.
a.
The
contractor’s experience with similar projects
b.
The technical approach proposed by the
contractor
c.
The schedule
d.
The costs
35.
List the four steps of project
selection.
a.
Develop a set of criteria against which
each opportunity will be evaluated
b.
List the
assumptions for each opportunity
c.
Gather data and information for each
opportunity
d. Evaluate each
opportunity against the criteria
CHAPTER 3
Proposed Solutions
True/False
development of proposed solutions by interested
contractors or by the customer’s
internal project team in response to a
customer’s request for proposal is the third
phase
of the project life
cycle.
ANSWER: F
many situations a request for proposal
does not involve soliciting competitive
proposals from external contractors.
ANSWER: T
“Develop a Proposed Solution” phase of the project
life cycle may be compl
etely
bypassed for certain endeavors.
ANSWER: T
ctors
must wait until formal RFP solicitations are
announced by customers
before starting
to develop proposals.
ANSWER: F
ctors should
maintain frequent contacts with past customers and
current
customers and initiate contacts
with potential new customers.
ANSWER: T
-RFP or pre-
proposal efforts by a contractor are considered
marketing or business
development but
are still frequently charged to the customer.
ANSWER: F
competition should be considered before preparing
a proposal.
ANSWER: T
proposal
selection process is a non-competitive process.
ANSWER: F
als should attempt to promise more than
what is expected and tend to be a little overly
optimistic.
ANSWER: F
ers frequently pay
contractors to prepare proposals.
ANSWER: F
objective of the
management section of the contractor proposal is
to convince the customer
that the
contractor understands the need or problem and can
provide the least risky and most
beneficial solution.
ANSWER: F
the contractor
cannot meet a specific customer requirement, that
fact should be avoided in the
contractor proposal.
ANSWER: F
13.A proposal
should give the estimated costs for the various
classifications of people who are
expected to work on the project.
ANSWER: T
large
projects that are expected to take several years
to complete, the contractor needs to
include the costs of escalation in wage
rates and materials costs over the length of the
project.
T
gency is an amount the contractor may
want to include to cover the unexpected.
T
contractor doesn’t need
to waste the time needed to think through the
project and
estimate
costs
during proposal preparation; ballpark estimates
usually work just fine.
ANSWER: F
ctors must
continue to be proactive even after the proposal
is submitted.
ANSWER: T
tion scorecards
should be the sole mechanism for evaluating
proposals and selecting the
winner.
ANSWER: F
is
ofte
n a good idea to
“low
-
ball” the cost on a
proposal to increase the chances of
winning.
ANSWER: F
20.A
contract is an agreement between the contractor,
who agrees to provide a product or service
(deliverables), and the customer, who
agrees to pay the contractor a certain amount in
return.
T
are
basically two types of contracts: flat price and
cost analysis.
ANSWER: F
a cost reimbursement contract, the
customer and the contractor agree on a price for
the
proposed work and that price
remains fixed unless the customer and contractor
agree on changes.
ANSWER: F
fixed price type of contract provides
low risk for the customer.
ANSWER: T
-reimbursement
contracts are most appropriate for projects that
involve little risk.
F
contracts provide bonuses for finishing early.
ANSWER: T
Multiple
Choice
development of
proposed solutions by interested contractors or by
the c
ustomer’s
internal
project team in response to a
customer’s request for proposal is the
_
B_ phase of the project life
cycle.
a. first
b. second
c. third
d.
fourth
ting whether or not to go
forward with the preparation of a proposal is
referred to as the
_A_.
a.
bid/no-bid decision
b. go for it decision
c. price evaluation
decision
d. bid high/low
decision
28.A proposal is a
______C_______ document; it is not a ____________
report.
a. technical, management
b. technical,
feasibility
c.
selling, technical
d. management,
sales
certain situations the
contractor may designate a _A_ who coordinates the
efforts of the
proposal team to ensure
that a consistent, comprehensive proposal is
prepared by the due date
stated in the
RFP.
a.
proposal manager
b. process
administrator
c. process
advisor d. process technician
als are
often organized into three sections: D
a. technical, cost, and schedule
b. technical,
legal, and operational
c.
management,
cost, and schedule d. technical, management, and
cost
section of a proposal should
stress the benefits to the customer? B
a. operational
b. technical
c.
cost
d. management
objective of the _C_
section of the contractor proposal is to convince
the customer that the
contractor can do
the proposed work (the project) and achieve the
intended results.
a. technical
b. operational
c. management
d.
cost
a proposal, the contractor should
define the major _A_ that will be performed in
carrying out
the project and provide a
brief description of what each includes.
a. tasks
b.
SOW’s
c. networks
d.
systems
34.A(n) _C_ gives the major
project functions along with the name of the
specific individual who will
be
assigned responsibility for each function.
a. client chart
b. gantt chart
c. organization chart
d. network label
35.A(n) _D_
lists the major project tasks and the name of the
person, organization, or subcontractor
responsible for the achievement of each
task.
a. responsibility network
b. gantt level
c. client chart
d. responsibility matrix
objective of the _D_ section of the contractor
proposal is to convince the customer that the
contractor’s price for the proposed
project is realistic and
reasonable.
a. technical
b. operational
c. management
d.
cost
als are typically part of the _D_
section of a proposal.
a. technical
b. operational
c. management
d.
cost
38._A_ is an amount the contractor
may want to include to cover the unexpected
a. contingency
b. continuos
c.
overhead
d. fixed rate
ers will sometimes provide a final
opportunity for contractors to convince them that
their
proposal will provide the best
value by allowing them to submit a:B
a.
biggest and best offer
b.
best and final offer
c.
below the final offer
d.
best and figurative offer
40.A _C_ is
an agreement between the contractor, who agrees to
provide a product or service
(deliverables), and the customer, who
agrees to pay the contractor a certain amount in
return.
a. work load statement
b. work scope agreement
c. contract
d. fixed rate scenario
are
basically two types of contracts: D
a.
flat price and cost analysis
b. fixed price and cost additional
c. flat price and cost
reimbursement
d. fixed
price and cost reimbursement
a _A_ the
customer and the contractor agree on a price for
the proposed work and that price
remains fixed unless the customer and
contractor agree on changes.
a. fixed
price
b. flat price
c. time and materials d.
cost reimbursement
a _D_ the customer
agrees to pay the contractor for all actual costs
(labor, materials, and so
forth),
regardless of amount, plus some agreed-upon
profit.
a. fixed price
b. flat price
c.
time and profit
d. cost
reimbursement
44._D_ contracts are most
appropriate for projects that involve risk.
a. fixed price
b. flat price
c.
time and profit
d. cost
reimbursement
45.A _C_ clause in a
contract states how and when a contract can be
ended.
a. turnover
b. term payment
c. termination
d. withdraw
Short
Answer
8 factors that a
contractor might consider before deciding whether
or not to prepare a
proposal.
a. Competition
b. Risk
c.
Mission
d. Extension of
capabilities
e.
Reputation
f. Customer funds
g. Proposal
resources
h.
Project resources
47. What must the
contractor convince the customer of in the
proposal?
a. understands
what the customer is looking for
b. can carry out the proposed project
c. will provide the greatest value to
the customer
d. is the best
contractor to solve the problem
e. will capitalize on its successful
experience with previous related projects
f. will do the work
professionally
g. will
achieve the intended results
h. will
complete the project within budget and on schedule
i. will satisfy the
customer
might a proposal manager be
needed?
In the case where a
government agency has issued an RFP for a
multimillion-dollar project, each
interested contractor may have to
assemble a team of many individuals and
subcontractors to help
develop the
proposal. In such situations the contractor may
designate a proposal manager who
coordinates the efforts of the proposal
team to ensure that a consistent, comprehensive
proposal is
prepared by the due date
stated in the RFP.
the 3 main elements of the Technical
Section of a proposal.
a. Understanding
the problem
b.
Proposed approach or solution
c.
Benefits to the customer
the 6 main elements of the Management
Section of a proposal.
a. Description
of work tasks
b. Deliverables
c. Project schedule
d. Projection organization
e. Related experience
f. Equipment
and facilities
the 10 main elements of
the Cost Section of a proposal.
a.
Labor
b.
Materials
c. Subcontractors
or consultants
d. Equipment
and Facilities Rental
e. Travel
f.
Documentation
g. Overhead
h. Escalation
i. Contingency or
Management Reserve
j. Fee or Profit
5 items that a contractor must
consider when determining the price for a proposed
project.
a.
Reliability of cost estimates
b. Risk
c. Value of the project to
the contractor
d.
Customer’s budget
e. Competition
8 criteria that might be
used by the customer to evaluate proposals.
a.
Compliance with the
customer’s statement of work and
requirements
b.
Contractor’s understanding of the
customer’s problem or need
c.
Soundness and
practicality of the contractor’s proposed
approach
d.
Contractor’
s experience and
success with similar projects
e. The
experience of key individuals who will be assigned
to work on the project
f.
Management capability,
including the contractor’s ability to plan and
control
the project
g.
Realism of the contractor’s
schedule
h.
Price
12 miscellaneous provisions that
may be included in project contracts:
a. Price
b. Misrepresentation of costs
c. Notice of cost overruns or schedule
delays
d.
Approval of subcontractor
e. Customer-
furnished equipment or information
f. Patents
g.
Disclosure of proprietary information
h. International
considerations
i. Termination
j. Terms of
payment
k.
Bonus/penalty payments
l. Changes
CHAPTER
4
The Project
True/False
ming,
or doing, the
project
—
implementing the
proposed solution
—
is the
third
phase of the project life cycle.
T
fifth and
final phase of the project life cycle involves
terminating the project.
F
third phase of the
project life cycle has two parts.
T
planning part of the project phase involves taking
the plan, schedule, and budget in the
proposal and doing a direct
implementation.
F
5.A work analysis chart is
a hierarchical tree of products usually identifies
the organization or
individual
responsible for each work package.
F
6.A network diagram shows the necessary
sequence and interdependencies of activities
to achieve the project objective.
T
ling
determines what needs to be done, who will do it,
how long it will take,
and how much it
will cost.
F
8. It is
important that the people who will be involved in
performing the project also
participate
in planning the work.
T
ling involves
measuring actual progress and comparing it to
planned progress. F
project control
process involves regularly gathering data on
project performance, comparing
actual
performance to planned performance, and taking
corrective actions if actual performance is
behind planned performance.
T
is not crucial that the
data and information be collected in a timely
manner in order
to calculate an updated
project schedule and budget.
F
project
control process continues throughout the project
phase of the life cycle. ANSWER: T
t
management should be a reactive approach to
controlling a project.
F
purpose of
properly terminating a project is to learn from
the experience gained on the
project in
order to improve performance on future projects.
T
activity that must be
performed during the performing phase is assuring
that the
final payment has been
collected from the customer.
F
the project termination
phase, the project manager should prepare a
written performance
evaluation of each
member of the project team and mention how each
has expanded her or his
knowledge as a
result of the project assignment, as well as what
areas she or he needs to develop
further.
T
ally, there should be one type of post-
project meetings: a group meeting with the entire
project team.
ANSWER: F
the evaluation
meeting, the project manager should issue a brief
written report to
management with a
summary of project performance and the
recommendations.
T
as important as the internal meeting
is a post-project evaluation meeting with the
customer.
ANSWER: T
are never any
reasons why a project should be terminated before
it is completed.
ANSWER: F
21. Risk containment involves
identifying, assessing, and reacting to project
risks in order eliminate
their effect
on a project.
ANSWER: F
22. Risk
identification includes determining which risks
may adversely affect the project
objective and what the consequences of
each risk might be if they occur.
ANSWER: T
23. Risk
categorization involves determining the impact
levels of have contingency plans. ANSWER: F
24. Risk monitoring should be done
monthly from project initiation to project
completion. ANSWER: F
Multiple Choice
ming, or doing, the
project
—
implementing the
proposed solution
—
is the
_C_ phase of the project life cycle.
a. first
b. second
c.
third
d. fourth
fourth phase of the project life cycle involves
_D_ the project.
a. performing
b. implementing
c. renegotiating
d. terminating
third phase of the project life cycle has two
parts:
C
a. Brainstorming and detailed planning
b. Contracting and
performing
c. Detailed planning and
implementing that plan
d.
Detailed planning and terminating the project
24.A _B_ is a hierarchical tree of work
elements or items accomplished or produced by the
project
team during the project.
a. work analysis chart
b. work breakdown structure
c. task analysis structure
d. work breakdown station
25.A _A_ shows the necessary sequence
and interdependencies of activities to achieve the
project
objective.
a. network diagram
b. work breakdown structure
c. work analysis chart
d.
task responsibility diagram
26._B_ determines what needs to be
done, who will do it, how long it will take, and
how much it will
cost.
a.
work analysis
b. Planning
c. scheduling
d. controlling
27._D_ the
project involves measuring actual progress and
comparing it to planned progress.
a.
planning
b. scheduling
c. forecasting
d. controlling
28.A regular _A_ should be established
for comparing actual progress with planned
progress.
a. reporting period
b. programming assignment
c. documentation plan
d.
plan
assessment
each
reporting period two kinds of data or information
need to be collected:C
a. data on cost
and schedule
b. data on
scope and budget
c. data on actual
performance and any changes to scope, schedule and
budget
d. data on actual costs and
timing issues
30.
If a decision is made on which
corrective actions to take, they must be
incorporated
into the __A__ and
_____________.
a. schedule and budget
b.
schedule and object store
c.
responsibility web and budget
d. budget and task sessions
t management should be a __B__ approach
to controlling a project.
a. reactive
b.
proactive
c. causal
d. sensitive
purpose of a _D_ meeting is to evaluate
performance of the project, to determine whether
the
anticipated benefits from the
project were actually achieved, and to identify
what could be done to
improve
performance on future projects.
a.
maintenance meeting
b. post-payment meeting
c.
implementation turnover
d.
post-project
ally, there should be two
types of post-project meetings:
D
a. individual and
executive
b. brief and
detailed
c. client-centered and
contractor-centered
d.
individual and project team
purposes of a _A_ should be to
determine whether the project provided the
customer with
the anticipated benefits,
to assess the level of customer satisfaction,
and to obtain any feedback
that would be helpful in future
business relationships with this or other
customers.
a. post-project evaluation
meeting with the customer
b. implementation training session
c. pre-implementation meeting
d. post-project
team meeting
way to avoid early
termination f a project due to customer
dissatisfaction is to monitor the
level
of _B_ continually throughout the project and take
corrective action at the first hint of any
dissatisfaction.
a. Task durations
b. Customer satisfaction
c. Customer regulations
d.
SOW’s
36. Risk
_B_ involves identifying, assessing, and
responding to project risks in order to minimize
the
likelihood and impact of the
consequences of adverse events on the achievement
of the project
objective.
a.
management
b.
assessment
c.
identification
d. response planning
37. A
_C_ is a pre-defined set of actions that would be
implemented if the risk event occurs.
a. management
b.
classification array
c.
contingency plan
d.
risk contingency matrix
Short Answer
are
the 7 steps involved in planning a project?
a)Clearly defining the project
objective
b)Dividing and subdividing the project
scope into major pieces
c)Defining the
specific activities that need to be performed
d)Graphically portraying the activities
in a network diagram
e)Making time estimates for each
activity
f)Making cost estimates for
each activity
g)Calculating a project
schedule and budget
is a WBS?
A work breakdown structure is a
hierarchical tree of work elements or items
accomplished or
produced by the project
team during the project. The work
breakdown structure usually identifies
the organization or individual
responsible for each work package
a
diagram displaying the process control process.
See diagram in the text.
some activities involve with
terminating a project.
a)Organizing and
file project documents
b)Receiving and making final payments
c)Conducting post-project evaluation
meetings
d)Verifying that
all deliverables were provided
9
topics that might be discussed at a post-project
group meeting with the project team?
a.
Technical performance
b. Cost performance
c. Schedule
performance
d. Project planning and
control
e.
Customer relationships
f. Team
relationships
g.
Communications
h. Problem
identification and resolution
i. Recommendations
4
reasons why a project manager should have a post-
project evaluation meeting
with a
customer.
a. To determine whether the
project provided the customer with the anticipated
benefits
b. To assess the level of
customer satisfaction
c. To obtain
feedback
d. To
ask about the possibility of additional projects
44. List 4 major functions in risk
management.
a.
Risk identification
b. Risk assessment
c. Risk response planning
d. Risk monitoring
CHAPTER 5
Planning
True/False
1.
Scheduling is the systematic arrangement of tasks
to accomplish an objective.
F
plan lays out
what needs to be accomplished but not how it is to
be accomplished.
ANSWER: F
is important that the people who will
be involved in performing the work are also
involved in
planning the work.
ANSWER: T
first
step in the planning process is to define the
project criteria.
ANSWER: F
objective must be clear, attainable, specific, and
measurable.
ANSWER: T
a project, the
objective is usually defined in terms of scope,
packages, and cost. ANSWER: F
the real
world, project objectives are always be spelled
out clearly at the beginning of a project.
ANSWER: F
WBB breaks a project down into
manageable pieces, or items, to help ensure that
all of the
work elements needed to
complete the project work scope are identified. F
lowest-level item of any one branch of
a WBS is called a work code.
ANSWER: F
WBS usually
indicates the organization or individual
responsible for each work item.
ANSWER: T
resource map is a method used to display, in
tabular format, the individuals responsible for
accomplishing the work items in the
WBS.
ANSWER: F
responsibility matrices use an X to show who is
responsible for each work item. ANSWER: T
activity requires the expenditure of
effort by people.
ANSWER: F
and CPM were
developed in the 1980s.
ANSWER: F
Gantt chart is
sometimes called a bar chart.
ANSWER: T
a
Gantt chart, activities are listed down the left-
hand side, and the person responsible is shown
along the bottom.
ANSWER: F
of the major advantages to the
traditional Gantt chart is that it shows
graphically the
interrelationships of
activities.
ANSWER: F
k techniques combine the planning and
scheduling functions.
ANSWER: F
19.A
network diagram is typically not drawn to a time
scale.
ANSWER: T
activity in a network diagram can be represented
by one or more boxes.
F
activity cannot start
until all of the preceding activities that are
linked to it by arrows have been
finished.
ANSWER: T
the AOA format,
an activity is represented by a rectangle in the
network
diagram
ANSWER: F
ties
in a ladder are not allowed because it portrays a
path of activities
that perpetually
repeats itself.
ANSWER: F
k diagrams must flow from right to
left.
ANSWER: F
information system (IS) is a computer-
based system that accepts data as
input, processes the data, and produces
useful information for users.
ANSWER: T
alternative is evaluated and the best
one is selected during the systems
analysis phase of the SDLC.
ANSWER: F
Multiple Choice
27._B_ is the systematic arrangement of
tasks to accomplish an objective.
a.
scheduling
b. planning
c. team building
d. controlling
plan becomes a benchmark against which
_A_ progress can be compared.
a. actual
b. planned
c. future
d.
expected
participating in _A_ of the
work, individuals will become committed to
accomplishing it.
a. planning
b. controlling
c. discussing of
d. timing
_A_ step in the
planning process is to define the project
objective
a.
first
b. second
c. third
d.
fourth
project _C_ must be clear,
attainable, specific, and measurable.
a. environment
b. cycle
c.
objective
d. work forms
a project, the objective is usually
defined in terms of scope, _B_, and cost.
a. plan
b.
schedule
c. controls
d. packages
_D_
breaks a project down into manageable pieces, or
items, to help ensure that all of the
work elements needed to complete the
project work scope are identified.
a.
work package plan
b. work
budget plan
c. work
breakdown staff
d. work breakdown
structure
34._D_ Is a hierarchical tree
of end items that will be accomplished or produced
by the project team
during the project.
a. work package plan
b. work budget plan
c. work breakdown staff
d. work breakdown structure
35.A WBS subdivides the project into
smaller pieces called _C_.
a. object
codes
b. task statements
c. work items
d. work loads
lowest-level
item of any one branch is called a _C_.
a. object item
b. task statements
c. work package
d. work loads
_A_ is a
method used to display, in tabular format, the
individuals responsible for
accomplishing the work items in the
WBS.
a. responsibility matrix
b. resource map
c.
responsibility web
d. task
structure
38.A _B_ is defined as a
piece of work that consumes time.
a.
action
b.
activity
c.
element
d. work
object
all the detailed activities
have been defined for each of the work packages,
the next step is
to graphically portray
them in a _C_ that shows the appropriate sequence
and interrelationships to
accomplish
the overall project work scope.
a.
bubble diagram
b. network
ladder
c. network diagram
d. responsibility chart
stands for: A
a. program
evaluation and review technique
b. process examination and review
technique
c. program evaluation and
reward technique
d. process
examination and reward technique
stands for: B
a. critical part model
b. critical path method
c. criteria plan method
d. criteria part model
Gantt chart combines the two functions of _C_.
a. planning and leveling
b. scheduling and evaluating
c. planning and scheduling
d. scheduling and controlling
of the major drawbacks to the
traditional Gantt chart is that it does not
graphically display the
_C_ of
activities.
a. order
b. time frame
c.
interrelationships
d.
structure
44._B_
techniques separate the
planning and scheduling functions.
a.
Gantt
b.
network
c. WBS
d. responsibility
popular
formats for drawing network diagrams are:
A
a. activity in
the box
and activity on the
arrow
b. activity in the
node and activity in the square
c.
activity in the box and activity on the box
d. activity on
the arc and activity on the node
ties
are linked in a _D_ order to show which activities
must be finished before others can
start.
a. presidential
b. pre-essential
c. prefix
d.
precedential
the _A_ format, an
activity is represented by an arrow in the network
diagram
a. AOA
b. ABC
c. AIN
d. AIB
the _A_ format,
there is a special type of activity known as a
dummy activity.
a. AOA
b. ABC
c. AIN
d. AIB
49.A dummy activity consumes ______
time.
a. zero
b.
little
c. endless
d. varying
50._C_ can sometimes be used for
projects that have a set of activities that are
repeated several
times.
a.
truncation
b. looping
c. laddering
d. transitions
51.A project
management planning tool, or methodology, called
the _B_ is often used to help plan,
execute, and control IS development
projects.
a. software planner
b. systems development life
cycle
c. software development learning
curve
d. systems
development life circle
are gathered
and analyzed, and problems and opportunities are
clearly defined during which
phases of
the SDLC?
A
a. problem definition
b. systems analysis
c. systems design
d. systems development
development team defines the scope of
the system to be developed, interviews potential
users, studies the existing system
(which might be manual), and defines user
requirements during
which phase of the
SDLC?
B
a. problem definition
b. systems analysis
c. systems design
d. systems development
re is purchased, and software is either
purchased, customized, or developed during which
phase of the SDLC?
C
a.
systems analysis
b. systems
design
c. systems
development
d. systems implementation
Short Answer/Problems
deciding on the sequence in which the
activities should be drawn to
show
their logical precedential relationship to one
another, what are the three
questions
regarding each individual activity that you should
ask?
a. Which activities
must be finished immediately before this activity
can be started?
b. Which
activities can be done concurrently with this
activity?
c. Which activities cannot be
started until this activity is finished?
the steps of the SDLC.
a.
problem definition
b. systems analysis
c. systems design
d. systems development
e. systems testing
f. systems
implementation
network
diagrams using the activity-in-the-box format and
the
activity-on-the-arrow format for
the following project.
Activity
Immediate
Predecessor
A
-
B
A
C
A
D
B,C
E
D
F
D
G
F
H
E,G
58.
Draw network
diagrams using the activity-in-the-box format and
the
activity-on-the-arrow
format
for the following
project.
Activity
Immediate Predecessor
A
-
B
-
C
A
D
B,C
E
D
F
E
G
E
H
G
network diagrams using the activity-
in-the-box format and the activity-on-the-arrow
format
for the following project.
CHAPTER 6
Scheduling
True/False
1.
When network planning techniques are used, the
planning function depends on the
scheduling function.
ANSWER: F
2. The duration estimate for each
activity does not include any associated waiting
time. F
3.
Whenever
possible, it’s a good practice to have the person
who will be responsible for
performing a particular activity help
make the duration estimate for that activity.
T
4. An
activity’s duration estimate must be
based on the quantity of resources expected
to
be used on the activity.
ANSWER: T
5.
With projects for which there is a high degree of
uncertainty about the activity duration estimates,
it is often suggested to use two
duration estimates for each activity.
ANSWER: F
6. The ES and EF
times are determined by calculating forward
through the network.
T
7. The latest finish time for a
particular activity must be the same as or later
than the latest of all the
earliest
finish times of all the activities leading
directly into that particular activity.
ANSWER: F
8. Latest finish
time is the latest time by which a particular
activity must be finished in order for the
entire project to be completed by its
required completion time.
T
9. If the critical lag is negative, it
represents the amount of time that the activities
on a particular path
must be delayed in
order to complete the project by its required
completion time.
ANSWER: F
longest path in
the overall network diagram is called the extreme
path.
F
paths with positive
values of total slack are sometimes referred to as
noncritical
paths.
ANSWER: T
change is the
amount of time a particular activity can be
delayed without delaying the earliest
start time of its immediately
succeeding activities.
ANSWER: F
slack is a
relative difference between values of total slack
and is always a
positive value.
ANSWER: T
14.A rule of thumb
is that there should be only one chance in five of
completing the activity in less
than
the optimistic time estimate.
ANSWER: F
network planning,
when using three time estimates are used for each
activity, it is assumed that
the three
estimates follow a bell probability distribution.
ANSWER: F
16. Network
planning in which three time estimates are used
for each activity can be
considered a
stochastic or probabilistic, technique.
ANSWER: T
Multiple Choice
_A_ step in establishing a project schedule is to
estimate how long each activity will take, from
the time it is started until the time
it is finished.
a. first
b. second
c. third
d. fourth
overall window of
time in which a project must be completed is
defined by its __ time and _C_
time.
a. earliest start, earliest finish
b.
latest start, latest finish
c.
estimated start, required completion
d. critical, most critical
19._A_ times are determined by
calculating forward through the network.
a. ES, EF
b. LS,
LF
c. ES, LS
d. EF, LF
20._D_ time is the latest time by which
a particular activity must be finished in order
for the entire
project to be completed
by its required completion time.
a.
earliest start
b. earliest
finish
c. latest start
d. latest finish
_D_ time for a particular activity
must be the same as or earlier than the earliest
of all the
latest start times of all
the activities emerging directly from that
particular activity.
a. earliest start
b. earliest
finish
c.
latest start
d.
latest finish
_C_ is positive, it
represents the maximum amount of time that the
activities on a particular path
can be
delayed without jeopardizing completion of the
project by its required completion time.
a. total time
b.
free time
c. total slack
d. cumulative
slack
total slack for a particular
path of activities is common to and shared among
_D_ the activities
on that path.
a. zero
b. one
c. at least two
d. all
slack
can be calculated by which of the following
equations? A
a. LF
–
EF
b. LF
–
LS
c. LF
–
ES
d. EF - ES
longest path in
the overall network diagram is called the _C_
path.
a. extreme
b. grand
c. most
critical
d.
extended
paths with positive values of
total slack are sometimes referred to as _D_
paths.
a. normal
b. temporary
c.
non-extended
d. noncritical
27._B_ is the amount of time a
particular activity can be delayed without
delaying the earliest start
time of its
immediately succeeding activities.
a.
free time
b.
free slack
c.
free change
d.
work release
28._B__ time is the time
in which a particular activity can be completed if
everything goes perfectly
well and
there are no complications.
a. optional
b. optimistic
c. most likely
d. pessimistic
network
planning, when three time estimates are used for
each activity, it is assumed that the
three estimates follow a __B__
probability distribution.
a. bell
b. beta
c. random
d.
normal
technique that uses only one
time estimate is considered to be a _A_ technique.
a. deterministic
b. stochastic
c.
probabilistic
d. random
Short Answer/Problems
projects for which there is a high
degree of uncertainty about the activity duration
estimates,
name the duration estimates
that should be used.
Optimistic,
pessimistic, most likely
the formula for determining EF.
EF = ES
+ Duration Estimate
the formula for
determining LS.
LS = LF
–
Duration Estimate
at least 6 common problems that often
push IS development projects beyond their required
completion time.
a. Failure
to identify all user requirements
b. Failure to properly
identify user requirements
c.
Continuing growth of project scope d.
Underestimating learning curves for new software
packages
e. Incompatible hardware
f. Logical design flaws
g.
Poor selection of software
h. Failure
to select the best design strategy
i. Data incompatibility issues
j. Failure to perform all
phases of the SDLC
ate the
expected duration for an activity that has a most
likely time of 5, a pessimistic time of
13, and a optimistic time of 3?
expected duration = [3 +
4(5) + 13)] / 6
=
6
ate the
expected duration for an activity that has a most
likely time of 3, a pessimistic time of
10, and a optimistic time of 2?
expected duration = [2 +
4(3) + 10)] / 6
=
4
on the
following table, calculate the ES, EF, LS, LF
times and slack for each activity. In
addition, identify the critical path
and the amount of time needed to complete the
project.
ANSWER:
38.
Based on the following table, calculate the ES,
EF, LS, LF times and slack for each activity.
In
addition, identify the critical path
and the amount of time needed to complete the
project.
ANSWER:
39. Based on the following
table, calculate the ES, EF, LS, LF times and
slack for each activity.
In
addition, identify the
critical path and the amount of time needed to
complete the project.
ANSWER:
CHAPTER
7
Schedule
Control
True/False
1.
Once a
project actually starts, it’s necessary to monitor
the progress to ensure that everything is
going according to schedule.
ANSWER: T
2. The key to
effective project control is to measure production
quality and compare it to efficiency
measures on a timely and regular basis
and to take necessary corrective
action
immediately.
ANSWER: F
3. The project
control process should at occur once at the
beginning and then again at end of the
project.
ANSWER: F
4.A project
manager should gather data at the beginning of the
month that will be used at the end of
the month to calculate an updated
schedule and budget.
ANSWER: F
5. The project control process
continues throughout the project.
ANSWER: T
6. In general, the longer the reporting
period, the better the chances of identifying
problems early and taking effective
corrective actions.
ANSWER: F
7.
Establishing a sound baseline plan is sufficient
project control.
ANSWER: F
8. The
finish estimates (FE) of completed activities will
determine the earliest start and
earliest finish times for the remaining
activities in the network diagram, as well as the
total slack.
ANSWER: F
9. One method to
indicate on the network diagram which activities
have been completed
is to shade or
crosshatch the activity box.
ANSWER: T
hout a project,
changes should always be resisted if they have an
impact on the schedule.
ANSWER: F
the
customer requests a change, the contractor or
project team should estimate the impact
on the project budget and schedule and
then obtain customer approval before proceeding.
ANSWER: T
actual data or
project changes are incorporated or after
corrective actions are planned, it is
no longer necessary to analyze the
newly calculated schedule to determine whether it
needs further
attention.
ANSWER: F
attempting to get
a schedule back on track, the path with the most
positive slack should be
given top
priority.
ANSWER: F
14.A
change in the estimated duration of any activity
on a path will cause a corresponding change in
the slack for that path.
ANSWER: T
most cases,
eliminating negative slack by reducing durations
of activities will involve a trade-off
in the form of an increase in
production hours or an increase in scope.
ANSWER: F
sing
schedule problems early will minimize the negative
impact on cost and scope.
ANSWER: T
time
–
quality trade-off
methodology is used to incrementally reduce the
project
duration with the smallest
associated increase in incremental cost.
ANSWER: F
18. Each activity has two pairs of
duration and cost estimates: normal and flash.
F
normal time is the shortest estimated
length of time in which the activity can be
completed.
ANSWER: F
20. An activity
cannot be completed in less than its crash time,
no matter how many
additional resources
are applied.
ANSWER: T
Multiple Choice
key to effective project control is to measure
_C__ and compare it to ___ on a timely and
regular basis and to take necessary
corrective action immediately.
a.
production quality, efficiency measures
b. actual earnings,
projected earnings
c. actual progress,
planned progress
d. production hours, output ratios
project control process starts with
establishing a __A__.
a. baseline plan
b. work order form
c. schedule
assignments
d. time-cost
tradeoff
23.A regular __D__ should be
established for comparing actual progress with
planned progress.
a. work breakdown
assignment chart
b. time-
cost tradeoff analysis
c. printout
evaluation
d.
reporting period
t management is a(n)
_B__ approach to controlling a project, to ensure
that the project
objective is achieved
even when things don't go according to plan.
a. trail-and-error
b. proactive
c.
reactive
d.
automated
_A__ of completed activities
will determine the earliest start and earliest
finish times for the
remaining
activities in the network diagram, as well as the
total slack.
a. actual finish times
b. finish estimates
c. actual efficiency ratios
d. actual resource shares
changes are agreed upon, a new _B__
should be established and
used as the benchmark
against which
actual project performance will be compared.
a. time-cost diagram
b. baseline
plan
c. work expectations
form
d. management matrix
amount
of _D__ should determine the priority with which
concentrated
efforts are applied.
a. baseline chart
b. work break down
structure
c. time spent
d. slack
28.I
t’s much wiser to take
aggressive corrective action to reduce the
durations of
activities that will be
done in the _A_ than to plan to reduce
the durations of activities that are scheduled
sometime in the
____.
a.
near term, future
b. future, near term
c. contractor’s site,
client’s site
d. past, future
modifying a project schedule, usually _B_
activities present the opportunity for larger
reductions.
a. shorter-
duration
b.
longer-duration
c. near term
d.
future
most cases, eliminating
negative slack by reducing durations of activities
will
involve a trade-off in the form of
an increase in __B_ or a reduction in____.
a. production hours, budget
b. costs, scope
c. scope, costsd. scope, production
hours
_D_ trade-off methodology is
used to incrementally reduce the project duration
with the
smallest associated increase
in incremental cost.
a. schedule-
quality
b. cost-production
c. time-quality
d.
time
–
cost
activity has two pairs of duration and cost
estimates: _A_ and___.
a. normal and
crash
b. normal and flash
c. actual and crash
d. flash and level
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