考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--2000年part4

考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析

--2000

年

part4

Part Four

Aimlessness

has

hardly

been

typical

of

the

postwar

Japan

whose

productivity

and

social

harmony are the envy of

the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese

are

seeing

a

decline

of

the

traditional

work

moral

values.

Ten

years

ago

young

people

were

hardworking

and

saw

their

jobs

as

their

primary

reason

for

being,

but

now

Japan

has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don't know where they

should go next.

The

coming

of

age

of

the

postwar

baby

boom

and

an

entry

of

women

into

the

male

dominated

job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning

the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to

good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of

Japanese

students

were

fully

satisfied

with

school

life,

compared

with

67.2

percent

of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed

dissatisfaction

with

their

jobs

than

did

their

counterparts

in

the

10

other

countries

surveyed.

While

often

praised

by

foreigners

for

its

emphasis

on

the

basics,

Japanese

education

tends

to

stress

test

taking

and

mechanical

learning

over

creativity

and

self-expression.

things

that

do

not

show

up

in

the

test

scores

-

personality,

ability,

courage

or

humanity

-

are

completely

ignored,

says

Toshiki

Kaifu,

chairman

of the ruling Liberal

Democratic Party's education committee.

this

kind

of

thing

leads

kids

to

drop

out

and

run

wild.

Last

year

Japan

experienced

2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the

outcry,

many

conservative

leaders

are

seeking

a

return

to

the

prewar

emphasis

on

moral

education.

Last

year

Mitsuo

Setoyama,

who

was

then

education

minister,

raised

eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation

authorities after World War II had weakened the

parents.

But

that

may

have

more

to

do

with

Japanese

lifestyles.

Japan,

says

educator

Yoko

Muro,

how much you can endure.

percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the

extended

family

have

been

abandoned

in

favor

of

isolated,

two

generation

households.

Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes

（

travels to and from work

）

and

crowded

living

conditions, but as

the

old

group

and

family

values weaken,

the

discomfort

is

beginning

to

tell.

In

the

past

decade,

the

Japanese

divorce

rate,

while

still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent,

and suicides have increased by nearly one quarter.

13. In the Westerners' eyes, the postwar Japan was ________.

[A] under aimless development[B] a positive example

[C] a rival to the West[D] on the decline

14. According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline

of Japanese society?

[A] Women's participation in social activities is limited.

[B] More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.

[C] Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics.

[D] The lifestyle has been influenced by Western values.

15. Which of the following is true according to the author?

[A] Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.

[B]

Japanese

education

is

characterized

by

mechanical

learning

as

well

as

creativity.

[C] More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.

[D] Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.

16. The change in Japanese lifestyle is revealed in the fact that ________.

[A] the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life

[B] the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.

[C] the Japanese endure more than ever before

[D] the Japanese appreciate their present life

Unit 7

（< /p>

2000

）

Part 4

重点词汇：

r

（战后）

←

post

前缀

在后

；

< br>prewar

（战前）

←

pr e

前缀

在前

< /p>

。

postwar

architecture - the accountants' revenge on the prewar businessmen's dreams

战后的< /p>

建筑

--

会计师们对战前商人们的梦想的 报复。

y

（和谐，

< br>融洽）

可看作

har+mony

，

har

谐音

哈

，

mony

即

money

，

于是

< br>

哈！

money

！

→有钱很多事情都会变得

和 谐

与

融洽

。

No family harmony, no social stability.

没

有家庭的和睦， 就没有社会的稳定。

ice

（

v.n.

牺牲；奉献）可看作

sa+cri+ fice

，

sa

谐音似

杀

，

cri

看作

cry

（元音

替换）

，

fice

看作

face

（元音替换）

，于是

因马上要被杀（

sa

）而泪 留（

cri

）满面（

fice

）

的东西

→牺牲。

Good manners are made up of petty sacrifi ces.

得体的举止由许多细小

的牺牲构成。

< br>Whenever

you

have

an

aim

you

must

sacrifice

something

of

freedom

to

attain

it.

无论何时，只要有目标，你就要牺牲一定的自由以达到它 。

Success can be only one

ingredient in happiness, and is too dearly purchased if all the other ingredients

have

been

sacrificed

to

obt ain.

成功只能是幸福的一个因素，如果为了获得成功而牺牲其

它幸福的因素，就未免得不偿失了。

rPart

即

counter+Pa rt

，

counter-

前缀

对等

，

Part

部分，

对等的部分< /p>

。

ality ?

（人格；个性）←

person+ality

名词后缀。

Personality is to man what

perfume is to a flower.

个性之于人 一如香气之于花。

personality - everything that's

false in a human, everything that's been added on to him and contrived

个性

--

人类

身上所有虚假的东西，所有强加在 他身上的不自然的东西。

t

（

v.n.

攻击）

Against the assault of laughter nothing can stand.

没 有东西

能抵挡笑声的进攻。

vative

（保守的；保守主义者）即

con+serv

（

e

）