-
英语短文：拥抱生态旅游
Aremote
Patagonian
town
that's
just
beginning
to
prosper
by
guiding
tourists through the
virgin forests nearby is being shaken by the
realization
that
it's
sitting
on
a
gold
mine.
Literally. More
than
3,000
worried
Esquel
residents recently
took to the streets in protests aimed at assuring
that their
neat community of 28,000
beco mes an ecotourism center, not a gold-rush
town.
巴塔哥尼亚一处偏远的小镇因为发展附近一处原始林的观光业正
渐趋繁荣，在这个节
骨眼，却如晴天霹雳般得知，当地原来蕴含金矿。
没错。三千多位忧心如焚的艾斯圭尔居
民最近走上街头抗议，
要求将这
处拥有两万八千居民的净地作为
生态旅游中心，不要沦为淘金城。
Esquel's plight is winning attention
from international conservation and
environmental
groups
such
as
Greenpeace.
In
Argentina,
the
town
has
become a
national symbol in the debate over exploitation
vs. preservation of
the country's vast
natural resources.
艾斯圭尔的窘境正获得
绿色和平
等国际保育及环保团体的高
度关切。
在争论阿根廷丰富的自然资源究竟该开发或保育的议题上，该
镇俨然成为全国的象征。
About 3.2 million acres already are
under contract for mineral exploration in
poor
and
sparsely
settled
Chubut
Province,
where
Esquel
is,
near
the
southern
tip
of
South
America.
Whether
Meridian
Gold
Corp.
gets
its
open-pit
gold
mine
outside
Esquel
could
determine
the
fate
of
mining
in
Patagonia, a pristine
region spanning southern Argentina and Chile.
艾斯圭
尔位于接近南美洲大陆极南点、
贫穷而人烟稀少的丘布省
内，<
/p>
矿物探勘合约涵盖了该省近三百二十万亩的土地。
巴塔哥尼亚高原
是横跨阿根廷与智利两国南部的化外之地，而该地采矿业的命运，
将取
决于
MDG
公司能否取得艾斯圭
尔外围露天金矿的开采权。
Meridian's
project, about 5 miles outside Esquel at a higher
elevation, is
about
20
miles
from
a
national
park
that
preserves
rate
trees
known
as
alerces, a southern
relative of California's giant sequoia. Some of
them have
been growing serenely in the
temperate rain forest for more than 3,000 years.
MDG
公
司计划开采的地点约在艾斯圭尔五里外海拔高一点的地
方，
跟一
座国家公园约二十里，这座国家公园保育着稀有的落叶柏科树
木，
一种美国加州红木的南方品种。有些柏树已在这片温带雨林安然度
过三千多年了。
The
greatest
fear
is
that
cyanide,
which
is
used
to
leach
gold
from
ore,
will
drain
downhill
and
poison
Esquel's
and
possibly
the
park's
water
supplies.
The
mine
will
use
180
tons
of
the
deadly
chemical
each
month.
Although
many
townspeople
and
some
geologists
disagree,
the
company
says
any excess cyanide would drain away from Esquel.
最严重
的威胁是，
在矿砂滤取黄金的过程中使用的氰化物将会向
下排放
，污染艾斯圭尔、甚至国家公园的水源。开矿过程每个月会使用
一百八十吨的这种致命化
学物质。尽管许多镇民和部分地质学家不同
意，该公司表示，所有过量的氰化物将全数排
出艾斯尔圭。
won't
allow
them
to
tear
things
up
and
leave
us
with
the
toxic
aftermath,
said
Felix
Aguilar,
28,
as
he
piloted
a
boatload
of
tourists
through a lake in
the Alerces National Park.
that
the
entire
world
can
hear
and
see
nature
in
its
pure
state.
The
world
must
help us prevent this.
二十八岁的菲力克司亚奇拉在带领一船旅客浏览落叶林国家公园
一座湖泊时
说：
我们不会允许他们把事情搞砸，把毒害留给我们。有
我们悉心呵护这里的一切，全世界才得以欣赏饱览此地纯朴的自然之
美
。世界应该和我们一起守护这里。
American
Douglas
Tomkins,
the
founder
of
the
Esprit
clothing
line
and
a
prominent global
conservationist, has bought more than 800,000
wilderness
acres
in
Chile
to
preserve
alerces
and
protect
what's
left
of
the
temperate
rain forest. Ted
Turner, the communications magnate, also has
bought land
in Argentine Patagonia with
an eye to conservation.
美国服饰品牌
Esprit
的创始人，
也是国际知名自然保育人士的杜格
拉斯，汤姆金斯，为保育落叶林及
温带雨林内仅存的生物，买下智利八
十多万亩的土地。
媒体巨子
泰德
·
透纳着眼于环境保育，
也买下阿
根廷巴
塔哥尼亚土地。
A young English botanist named Charles
Darwin, the author of the theory of
evolution,
was
the
first
European
to
see
alerces,
with
trunks
that
had
a
circumference
of
130
feet.
He
gave
the
tree
its
generic
name,
Fitzroya
cupressoides, for the captain of his
ship, Robert Fitzroy.
进化论的发表人
-
年轻的英国植物学家查尔斯<
/p>
·
达尔文，是第一位见
识落叶柏树干圆周
长达一百三十尺的欧洲人。
他似他船长的名字罗伯费
兹
·
洛伊，为这种树取了学名
费兹洛柏
（即：智利柏）
。
Argentina,
pressed
by
the
United
States,
Canada,
the
World
Bank
and
other
global
lenders,
rewrote
its
mining
laws
in
the
1990s
to
encourage
foreign investment. Mining companies
received incentives such as 30 years
without new taxes and duty-free imports
of earth-moving equipment.
受到美国、
加拿大、
世界银行及全球其
他债权者频频施压的阿根廷，
为了促进外商投资，在九
○
年代修订了矿业法令。给予矿采业的奖励措
施包括三十年免征新税与免
税进口矿业开采设备等等。
Argentina took
in
more than
＄
1
billion
over
the past
decade by
granting
exploration
contracts
for
precious
metals
to
more
than
70
foreign
and
domestic companies. If
the country were to turn away a major investor,
the
message to its mining sector would
be chilling.
阿根
廷过去十年内与国内外七十多家业者签订贵重矿物开采合约，
获得十亿美元以上的利润。
如果拒绝主要投资客户，阿根廷的采矿业将
面临萧条的景况。
Residents also complain that Argentina
hasn't given nature-based tourism a
chance.
mining, things would
be a lot different here,
who rents
tourist cabins in Esquel.
当地居民也抱怨阿根廷政府不肯给自然观光业机会。
在艾斯圭尔
经
营观光小屋出租，现年七十三岁的蓝道
·
威廉斯抱怨：
当初如果政府肯
花他
们投资采矿业资金的十分之一在我们身上的话，事情就会改观了。
Forest
ecologist
Paul
Alaback,
a
University
of
Montana
professor
who
studies
the
alerces,
said
Argentine
authorities
could
gain
from
Alaska's
successful
nature-based
tourism.
tourism
would
mean
less
jobs
immediately but would be sustainable. You'd be
building on something
that is going to
grow, not going to go away,
蒙大拿大学教授，也是研究落叶植物的森林生态学者保罗，雅勒贝
克表示，阿根廷当局可以仿效阿拉斯加自然旅游业的成功之道。
在当
下，
发展自然旅游业的确意味着工作机会立即减少，
但它却能永续经营。
你应该要去建设会茁壮成长的东西，而非日渐消
逝的事物。
关
键
词
ecotourism //
n.
生态旅行
We should protect our
natural environment and support ecotourism.
我们应该保护自然环境，支持生态旅游。
pristine //
adj.
原始的
The
forests
on
the
Alps
are
still
in
pristine
region,
unspoiled
by
industrialization.
阿尔卑斯山的森林仍是原始林区，未遭工业破坏。
span // v.
横跨，跨越
The
government
spent
two
years
building
a
red
bridge
spanning
the
gorge.
政府花了两年的时间建造一座横跨那座峡谷的红桥。
elevation // n.
海拔
The
lake
on
the mountain
at
an
elevation
of
about
350
meters
is
our
first
stop.
山里那座海拔三百五十公尺左右的湖泊是我们的第一站。
leach // v.
过滤
Nitrogen is easily leached from soil
because it is more easily dissolved.
氮因为较容易溶解，所以很容易就可以从土壤中过滤出来。
toxic // adj.
有毒的
People in Nazi concentration camps were
slaughtered using toxic gas.
纳粹集中营里的人们惨遭毒气杀害。
prominent //
adj.
著名的，重要的
Lili played a prominent
part in the case.
莉莉在这件案子里扮演举足轻重的角色。
magnate //
n.
（实业界）巨头，巨子
The
press
magnate
decided
on
a
merger
with
another
company
to
expand
his empire.
那位报巨子决定与另一家公司合并，以扩展他的企业王国。
英语短文：
Of Studies
STUDIES serve for
delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their
chief
use for delight, is in
privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in
discourse;
and
for
ability, is
in
the judgment, and disposition of
business. For
expert
men
can
execute,
and
perhaps
judge
of
particulars,
one
by
one
;but
the
general
counsels, and the plots and marshalling of
affairs, come best, from
those
that
are
learned.
To
spend
too
much
time
in
studies
is
sloth;
to
use
them
too
much
for
ornament,
is
affectation;
to
make
judgment
wholly
by
their
rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect
nature, and are perfected
by
experience: for natural abilities are like natural
plants, that need proyning,
by study;
and studies themselves, do give forth directions
too much at large,
except they be
bounded in by experience......
读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处
幽居
之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之
际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策
划，则
舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全
凭条文断事乃学究故态。
读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖
天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修
剪移接；而书中所示，如不
以经验范之，则又大而无当
……
英语短文：美丽的微笑与爱心
美丽的微笑与爱心
(Beautiful Smile and
Love)
作者介绍
:
特蕾莎修女
(Mother Teresa,1910-199
7)
，
印度著名的慈善家，
印度天主教
仁爱传教
会创始人，
在世界范围内建立了一个庞大的慈善机构网
，
赢得了国际社会的广泛尊敬。
1979
年被授予诺贝尔和平奖。
本文所选即好在领取该奖项时的演讲辞，
语言简洁质朴而感人至深。
诺贝尔奖领奖台上响起的声音往往都是文采飞扬、
热烈、
激昂。
而特雷莎修女的演说朴实无
华，
其所举事例听来似平凡之至，
然而其中
所蕴含的伟大而神圣的爱感人至深。
平凡中孕育
伟大，
真情才能动人。我们作文时，
要善于从自己所熟知的平凡中发掘伟大，以
真情来打动
读者。
The poor are
very wonderful people. One evening we went out and
we picked up four people
from the
street. And one of them was in a most terrible
condition
，
and I told the
sisters: You take
care of the other
three. I take care of this one who looked worse.
So I did for her all that my love
can
do. I put her in bed, and there was such a
beautiful smile on her face. She took hold of my
hand
as
she
said
just
the
words
you
and
she
died.
I
could
not
help
but
examine
my
conscience[
良心
]befor
e her and I asked what would I say if I was in her
place. And my answer
was very simple. I
would have tried to draw a little attention to
myself. I would have said I am
hungry,
that I am dying, I am cold, I am in pain, or
something, but she gave me much more-she
gave
me
her
grateful
love.
And
she
died
with
a
smile
on
her
face.
As
did
that
man
whom
we
picked up from the
drain[
阴沟、
下水道
],
half eaten with worms, and we brought him to the
home.
And it was so
wonderful to see the greatness of that man who
could speak like that, who could die
like that without blaming anybody,
without cursing anybody, without comparing
anything. Like an
angel-this is the
greatness of our people. And that is why we
believe what Jesus had said: I was
hungry, I was naked, I was homeless, I
was unwanted, unloved, uncared for, and you did it
to me.
穷人是非常了不起的人。一天晚上，
我们外出，
从街上
带回了四个人，其中一个生命岌
岌可危。于是我告诉修女们说：
你们照料其他三个，这个濒危的人就由我来照顾了。
就这
样，
我为她做了我的爱所能做的一切。
我将她放在床上，
看到她的脸上绽露出如此美丽的微
< br>笑。
她握着我的手，
只说了句
<
/p>
谢谢您
就死了。
我情不自禁地在她面前审视起自己的良知来。
我问自己，如果我是她的话，会说些什么呢
？答案很简单，我会尽量引起旁人对我的关注，
我会说我饥饿难忍，冷得发抖，奄奄一息
，痛苦不堪，诸如此类的话。但是她给我的却更多
更多
――
她给了我她的感激之情。
她死时脸上却带着微笑。
< br>我们从排水道带回的那个男子也
是如此。当时，他几乎全身都快被虫子吃掉了，我
们把他带回了家。
在街上，我一直像个
动物一样地活着，但我将像个天使一样地死去，有人爱，有人关心。
真是太好了，我看到
了他的伟大之处，他竟能说出那样的话。他那样地死去，不责怪
任何人，不诅咒任何人，无
欲无求。
像天使一样
――
这便是我们的人民的伟大之所在。
因此我们相信耶
稣所说的话
――
我饥肠辘辘
――
我衣不蔽体
――
我无家可归
< br>――
我不为人所要，
不为人所爱，
也不为人所关
心
――
然而，你却为我
做了这一切。
I believe that we are not real social
workers. We may be doing social work in the eyes
of the
people, but we are really contem
platives[
修行者、
沉思冥想的人
] in the heart of the world. For we
are touching the body of Christ
twenty-
four hours…And I think that in
our family we d
on't need
bombs and guns, to destroy, to bring
peace, just get together, love one another, bring
that peace,
that joy, that strength of
presence of each other in the home. And we will be
able to overcome all
the evil that is
in the world.
我
想，
我们算不上真正的社会工作者。在人们的眼中，或许我们是在做社会工作，
但实
际上，我们真的只是世界中心的修行者。因为，一天
24
小时，我们都在触摸基督的圣体。
我想，
在我们的大家庭时，
我们不需要枪支和炮弹来破坏和平，
或带来和平
――
我们只需要
团
结起来，彼此相爱，将和平、欢乐以及每一个家庭成员灵魂的活力都带回世界。这样，我
们就能战胜世界上现存的一切邪恶。
And with this prize that I
have received as a Prize of Peace, I am going to
try to make the
home for many people
who have no home. Because I believe that love
begins at home, and if we
can create a
home for the poor I think that more and more love
will spread. And we will be able
through this understanding love to
bring peace be the good news to the poor. The poor
in our own
family first, in our country
and in the world. To be able to do this, our
Sisters, our lives have to be
wove with
prayer. They have to be woven with Christ to be
able to understand, to be able to share.
Because to be woven with Christ is to
be able to understand, to be able to share.
Because today
there is so much
suffering…When I pick up a person from the street,
hungry, I give him a plate of
rice, a
piece of bread, I have satisfied. I have removed
that hunger. But a person who is shut out,
who
feels
unwanted,
unloved,
terrified,
the
person
who
has
been
thrown
out
from
society-that
poverty is so full of hurt and so
unbearable…And so let us always meet each other
with a smile,
for the smile is the
beginning of love, and once we begin to love each
other naturally we want to
do
something.
我准备以
我所获得的诺贝尔和平奖奖金为那些无家可归的人们建立自己的家园。
因为我
相信，爱源自家庭，如果我们能为穷人建立家园，我想爱便会传播得更广。而且，我们将通
过这种宽容博大的爱而带来和平，
成为穷人的福音。
首先为我们自己家里的穷人，
其次为我
们国家，为全世界的
穷人。为了做到这一点，姐妹们，我们的生活就必须与祷告紧紧相连，
必须同基督结结一
体才能互相体谅，
共同分享，
因为同基督结合一体就意味着互相
体谅，
共
同分享。
因为，
今天的世界上仍有如此多的苦难存在
……
当我从街上
带回一个饥肠辘辘的人
时，给他一盘饭，一片面包，我就能使他心满意足了，我就能躯除
他的饥饿。但是，如果一
个人露宿街头，
感到不为人所要，不为
人所爱，惶恐不安，被社会抛弃
――
这样的贫困让人
心痛，如此令人无法忍受。因此，让我们总是微笑想见，因为微笑就是爱的开端，一旦我们
开始彼此自然地相爱，我们就会想着为对方做点什么了。
英语短篇：想知道梦的成因吗
?
Most
people
often
dream
at
night.
When
they
wake
in
the
morning
they
say
to
themselves,
a
strange
dream
I
had!
I
wonder
what
made me dream that.
Sometimes
dreams
are
frightening.
Sometimes,
in
dreams,
wishes
come
true.
At
other
times
we
are
troubled
by
strange
dreams
in
which the world seems to have been turned upside-
down1and
nothing makes sense.
In
dreams
we
do
things
which
we
would
never
do
when
we're
awake.
We
think
and
say
things
we
would
never
think
and
say.
Why
are
dreams
so
strange and unfamiliar? Where do dreams come from?
No
one
has
produced
a
more
satisfying
answer
than
a
man
called
Sigmund
Freud.
He
said
that
dreams
come
from
a
part
of
one's
mind
which one can neither
recognize nor control. He named this the
Sigmund Freud was born about a hundred
years ago. He lived
most
of
his
life
in
Vienna,
Austria,
but
ended
his
days
in
London,
soon after the beginning of the Second
World War.
The
new worlds Freud explored were inside man himself.
For
the unconscious mind is like a deep
well, full of memories and
feelings.
These
memories
and
feelings
have
been
stored
there
from
the moment of our
birth. Our conscious mind has forgotten them.
We
do
not
suspect
that
they
are
there
until
some
unhappy
or
unusual
experience
causes
us
to
remember,
or
to
dream
dreams.
Then
suddenly
we
see
the
same
thing
and
feel
the
same
way
we
felt
when
we were little children.
This discovery of Freud's
is very important if we wish to
understand
why
people
act
as
they do. For the
unconscious
forces
inside
us
are
at
least
as
powerful
as
the
conscious
forces
we
know
about. Sometimes we do things without
knowing why. If we don't,
the reasons
may lie deep in our unconscious minds.
When
Freud
was
a
child
he
cared
about
the
sufferings
of
others,
so it isn't
surprising that he became a doctor when he grew
up.
He learned all about the way in
which the human body works. But
he
became more and more curious about the human mind.
He went to
Paris to study with a famous
French doctor, Charcot.
At that time it seemed that no one knew
very much about the
mind. If a person
went mad, or 'out of his mind', there was not
much
that
could
be
done
about
it.
People
didn't
understand
at
all
what
was
happening
to
the
madman.
Had
he
been
possessed
by
a
devil
or
evil
spirit?
Was
God
punishing
him
for
wrong-doing?
Often
such
people
were
shut
away
from
the
ordinary
people
as
if
they
had
done
some terrible crime.
This is still true today in
many places. Doctors prefer to
experiment
on
those
parts
of
a
man
which
they
can
see
and
examine.
If
you
cut
a man's
head open
you
can
see
his
brain.
But
you
can't
see his thoughts or ideas or dreams. In
Freud's day few doctors
were interested
in these subjects. Freud wanted to know how our
minds work. He learned a lot from
Charcot.
He
returned to Vienna in 1886 and began work as a
doctor in
nerve
diseases.
He
got
married
and
began
to
receive
more
and
more
patients at home. Most
of the patients who came to see him were
women. They were over-excited and
anxious, sick in mind rather
than in
body. Medicine did not help them. Freud was full
of
sympathy but he could do little to
make them better.
Then one day a friend, Dr Josef Breuer,
came to see him. He
told Freud about a
girl he was looking after. The girl seemed to
get better when she was allowed to talk
about herself. She told
Dr Breuer
everything that came into her mind. And each time
she
talked
to
him
she
remembered
more
about
her
life
as
a
little
child.
Freud
was
excited
when
he
heard
this.
He
began
to
try
to
cure
his
patients in the same way. He asked about the
events of their
early
childhood.
He
urged
them
to
talk
about
their
own
experiences
and relationships. He himself said very
little.
Often,
as
he
listened,
his
patients
relived
moments
from
their
past
life.
They
trembled
with
anger
and
fear,
hate
and
love.
They
acted as though Freud
was their father or mother or lover.
The doctor did not make any
attempt to stop them. He quietly
accepted whatever they told him, the
good things and the bad.
One young woman who came to him
couldn't drink anything,
although
she
was
very
thirsty.
Something
prevented
her
from
drinking.
Freud discovered the reason
for this. One day, as they were
talking, the girl remembered having
seen a dog drink from her
nurse's
glass.
She hadn't
told
the
nurse,
whom
she
disliked.
She
had forgotten the whole
experience. But suddenly this childhood
memory
returned
to
mind.
When
she
had
told
it
all
to
Dr
Freud--the
nurse, the dog, the glass of water
--the girl was able to drink
again.
Freud
called
this
treatment
the
'talking
cure'.
Later
it
was
called psychoanalysis. When patients
talked freely about the
things that
were troubling them they often felt better.
The
things
that
patients
told
him
sometimes
gave
Freud
a
shock.
He discovered that the feelings of very
young children are not
so different
from those of their parents. A small boy may love
his mother so much that he wants to
kill his father. At the same
time he
loves his father and is deeply ashamed of this
wish. It
is difficult to live with such
mixed feelings, so they fade
away1into
the
unconscious
mind
and
only
return
in
troubled
dreams.
It
was
hard
to
believe
that
people
could
become
blind,
or
lose
the power of speech,
because of what had happened to them when
they were children. Freud was attacked
from all sides for what
he
discovered.
But
he
also
found
firm
friends.
Many
people
believed that he had at last found a
way to unlock the secrets
of the human
mind, and to help people who were very miserable.
He had found the answer to many of
life's great questions.
He became famous all over the world and
taught others to use
the talking cure.
His influence on modern art, literature and
science cannot be measured. People who
wrote books and plays,
people
who
painted
pictures,
people
who
worked
in
schools,
hospitals
and
prisons;
all
these
learned
something
from
the
great
man who
discovered a way into the unconscious mind.
Not
all
of
Freud's
ideas
are
accepted
today. But
others
have
followed where
he
led
and
have
helped
us to
understand
ourselves
better.
Because of him, and them, there is more hope today
than
there has ever been before for
people who were once just called
每个人都爱做梦
想知道梦的成因吗
大多数人夜晚经常做梦，早上醒来
便自语：
做了个好奇怪的梦！不知道怎么会梦见这
个。
< br>有时候梦令人毛骨悚然，
有时候梦却使愿望成真，
还有的
时候怪梦会来打扰我们，
梦里
的世界好像乱七八糟，不知所云。
在梦里
我们会做一些醒着的时候绝不会做的事情，我们想的和说的也非平日所思所言。
为什么梦
会如此怪异和陌生？梦又是从哪儿来的呢？
迄今为止，除了一个名叫西格蒙特
?
弗洛伊德的人，没有人能给出更令人满意的答案。
据他说梦来自
于人无法识别和控制的那部分意识，他称之为
潜意识
。
西格蒙特
?
弗洛伊德出生于大约一百年前，一生大部分时间生活在奥地利的维也纳，二
战爆发后不久
在伦敦终了一生。
弗洛伊德探索的新世界是人自身的内心世界，
因为潜意识就像一口深井，
装满了各种记
忆和情绪。
这些记忆和情绪自
我们出生之日起就已经储存在那儿了，
而我们有意识的大脑却
已
将它们遗忘，
直到某次不愉快或不寻常的经历使我们回忆或让我们做梦，
我们才不怀疑它
们的存在。我们会突然看见儿时见过的东西，感觉也一如从前。
如果我
们希望了解人的所作所为，
弗洛伊德的这一发现就非常重要，
因
为我们内心潜意
识的力量至少与我们了解的意识力量同样强大。
有的时候我们做事情却不知道为什么要这么
做，原因可能就在我们深层的潜意识里。
儿时的弗洛
伊德就表现出对他人疾苦的关心，
所以长大之后做了医生就不足为奇了。
他
学习掌握了人体各部分的工作原理，
但他却对人的意
识越来越感兴趣。
于是他去了巴黎，
师
从法国名医夏科特。
那时似乎还没有人对人的意识有太多的了解。如果一个人疯了，或
精神失常
了，基本
就只
能听之任之了。
人们完全不知道这个疯子怎么了，
是魔鬼附体呢
，
还是因做孽受到上帝
的惩罚呢？这些人常常被关起来，同常人
隔离，就像他们犯了什么大罪一样。
即便现在许多地方还是如此。
医生们
更愿意对人体看得见的器官进行检查、
试验，
比如
你给一个人的头部开刀就可以看到大脑，
但你却看不到他的思维、
思想或者梦。
在弗洛伊德
那个时代，
几乎没有医生对这些东西感兴趣，
他却想知道我们的意识是如何工作的。
他从夏
科特那儿获益匪浅。
1886
年他回到维也纳，开始了精神病医生的职业。他成了家，在家里接待的病人越来
越多。她
们大多是女性，显得过于激动、焦虑，心病多于体疾，药物帮不了她们的忙。弗洛
伊德对
此充满同情却无法缓解她们的痛苦。
有一天一个叫约瑟夫
?
布律尔的医生朋友来看弗洛伊德，说起他正在治疗的一个女孩。
当这个女孩能
够畅谈自己的时候她似乎就有所好转。
她把脑子里出现的所有事情都和布律尔
医生谈，每次谈的时候她都会想起更多儿时的事情。
弗洛伊德听完非常激动，
他开始尝试用这种方法来治疗他的病人。
他询问他们童年的早
期生活，鼓励他们谈自己的经历和人际关系，而他自己却言语无几。
他就这么听着，
< br>他的病人们常常说着说着就回到了过去，
那些愤怒恐惧、
爱恨情仇让他
们全身战栗，仿佛面前的弗洛伊德就是他们的父母或恋人。
我们的医生却不去阻止他们，他只是默默地听着他们诉说一切，不论好坏。
其中一位来看病的青年女子，
什么都喝不进去，
虽然她已非常口渴。
一定
有什么原因使
她无法喝水。
弗洛伊德发现了此事的根源。
一天他
们谈话的时候，
这个女孩回忆起曾见过一只狗在喝
她的看护玻璃
杯里的水，
她不喜欢那个看护，
因而没有告诉她。整个事情她都
已经忘了，但
突然这一儿时的记忆又回到了脑海。她将这一切都告诉了弗洛伊德医生
--
看护、狗，还有
< br>那杯水，这时她又可以喝水了。
弗洛伊德将这样的治疗称为
倾诉疗法
，后被命名
为
精神分析
。
病人们畅谈那些困扰
他们的事情时他们的感觉往往就好多了。
有的时候病人们的倾诉让弗洛伊德
震惊，
他发现早期儿童的情感与其父母的情感并无多
大差别。<
/p>
一个小男孩对母亲的爱恋可能深到想要杀死自己的父亲，
而同时他
又爱自己的父亲，
因而为自己的想法深感惭愧。这些混杂的情感很难让人接受，所以它们
被淡忘于潜意识里，
只有在扰人的梦境中才会重现。
很难相信人会因为儿时的经历而失
明或失语，
因而弗洛伊德的这一发现遭到来自各方面
的攻击，<
/p>
但是他也找到了坚定忠实的朋友。
许多人认为他最终找到了一条破
解人类意识之谜
的途径，从而帮助了那些备受折磨的人们。他找到了解答人生许多重大问
题的答案。
他成了世界名人，
并向他人传授倾诉
疗法。
他对现代艺术、
文学和科学的影响是不可估
量的，不论是作家、剧作家、画家，还是学校、医院和监狱的工作人员，都从这位发现了通
往人类潜意识之路的伟人那儿学到了东西。
并不是弗洛伊德所有的思想都被当今社会接受，
但是沿着他的道路进行探索的人们却使
我们更多地了解了自己。因为他，还有
他们，那些曾经被称为
疯子
的人如今有了前所未有
的希望。
英语短文：自然要多大才足够？
How Much Nature Is
Enough?
Even
some ardent conservationists acknowledge that the
diversity of life on Earth cannot be
fully
sustained
as
human
populations
expand
use
more
resources
nudge
the
climate
and
move
weedlike pests and
predators from place to place.
Given
that
some
losses
are
inevitable
the
debate
among
many
experts
has
shifted
to
an
uncomfortable subject what level of
loss is acceptable. The discussion is taking place
at both the
local and global levels How
small can a fragment of an ecosystem be and still
function in all its
richness and thus
be considered preserved
﹖
And as global biodiversity diminishes
is it a valid
fallback strategy to bank
organisms and genes in zoos DNA banks or the like
or does this simply
justify
more
habitat
destruction
﹖
Is
nature
on
ice
a
sufficient
substitute
for
the
real
thing
﹖
Some
conservation
groups
have
strenuously
avoided
or
even
attacked
such
calculations
and
strategies.
They
say
there
is
no
safe
diminution
of
habitat
as
long
as
human
understanding
of
ecology is as sketchy as it is a
fallback strategy is unthinkable. Furthermore
banking nature in a
deep freeze or
database of gene sequences cannot capture context.
For instance even if a vanished
bird
was
someday
reconstituted
from
its
genes
would
it
warble
with
the
same
fluency
as
its
ancestors
﹖
On the other side of the debate those
considering what the smallest viable habitats are
or
how
to
expand
archives
as
an
insurance
policy
say
that
recent
trends
have
proved
that
old
conservation
strategies
are
no
longer
sufficient.
A
few
decades
ago
the
issue
seemed
fairly
uncomplicated identify biological
as possible. But the picture has grown
murky.
Twenty
?four
years
ago
Dr.
Thomas
E.
Lovejoy
and
other
biologists
began
a
remarkable
experiment
on
the
fast
?eroding
fringe
of
rain
forest
near
the
Brazilian
city
of
Manaus.
They
established 11 forest tracts ranging
from 2.5 to 250 acres each surrounded by an
isolating sea of
pasture similar to
what is advancing around most other tropical
forests. Among the many findings
an
analysis published last week on birds in the lower
layers of greenery found that it would take a
fragment measuring at least 2 500
acres-10 times as large as the biggest one in the
experiment-to
prevent a decline of 50
percent in those bird varieties in just 15 years
or so.
In
the
understated
language
of
science
the
new
study
in
The
Proceedings
of
the
National
Academy
of
Sciences
concludes
is
unfortunate
when
one
considers
that
for
some
species
?rich areas of the
planet a large proportion of remaining forest is
in frag
ments smaller than
2
500 acres.
In
the
face
of
this
and
other
evidence
a
growing
group
of
conservation
biologists
say
try
everything at the same time.
natural areas
those
organisms most endangered in nature and somehow
protect them in type
?culture
collections
botanical
gardens zoos
seed
banks
or
whatever.
But
most
important
he
said
is
to
find
ways
to
limit
human
pressures
on
the
world's
last
wild
places
by
slowing
population
growth
and
using
resources more efficiently. One pioneer
of genetic deconstruction Dr. J. Craig Venter
agrees with
Dr.
Raven.
Dr.
Venter
has
moved
from
sequencing
the
DNA
of
humans
and
other
species
to
assaying
genes
in
entire
ecosystems
most
recently
the
waters
of
the
?Sargasso
Sea.
In
five
50
?gallon
samples gathered in February he said his team had
found 1 million distinct genes quite
a
haul compared with the 26 000 or so of a human
being. And that is the tiniest scratch in the
surface he added. His is one effort
among many. Britain has a Millennium Seed Bank a
growing
archive of all the country's
plants. The San Diego Zoo has its parallel Frozen
Zoo an archive of
thousands
of
DNA
samples
and
cell
lines
from
a
host
of
species.
Nonetheless
given
the
overwhelming
complexity
of
nature
Dr.
Venter
added
better
off
trying
to
preserve
the
diversity of what we have rather than
trying to regenerate it in the future.
连一些积极的自然资源保护论者都
承认，
随着人口的膨胀、
消耗更多的自然资源、
引起
气候的变化，
以及造成大量害虫和捕食动物的迁移
等，
地球上的生物多样性肯定不会完全地
持续下去。
许多专家的争论焦
点已经转到了一个令人不安的话题，
假使一些损失是不可避免的，
多
大程度的损失是可以容忍的呢？关于这个问题的辩论在局部和全球范围两个层面上同
时展
开：
生态系统的一小部分可以小到何种程度仍能维持其完整
、
丰富的功能，
从而可以认为是
受到了
保护呢？在全球生物多样性减少的过程中，把生物有机体和基因保存在诸如动物园、
基因
库之类的地方是一种有效的保全策略吗？或者这样做仅仅为更多的
（动、
植物）
栖息地
的破坏提供了借口？冷藏的自然能够充分
地代替真正的自然吗？一些自然资源保护组织一
直极力避开甚至反对这样的推论和策略。
他们说，
只要人类对生态系统的认识还是一知半解
的，那就不存在对栖息地的安全缩小；因此也就谈不上什么保险策略了。更何况，
把自然生
态深冻起来或者将其存入基因序列数据库并不能保存与其相关的背景。
比如，
就算一只灭绝
的鸟儿某一天被人们从
它的基因中重新组合出来，它的啁啾声能像其先辈们一样婉转动听
吗？另一方面，
寻求最小可行栖地的人们或试图扩大现有档案库作为一种保全策略的人们则
说，最近的趋势已经表明，旧的保护策略不再够用了。几十年之前，问题似乎还不是那么复
< br>杂：
只要确认出那些受到威胁的生态地区或者令人担忧的物种，
< br>然后建立尽可能多的保护区
就是了。然而，目前这个状况已经变得模糊起来。
24
年以前，
托马斯
?
E?
洛夫乔伊博士和其他一些生物学家在巴西马瑙斯市附近遭受快速
侵蚀的热带雨林地区边缘开始了一项备受瞩目的实验。他们建立了
11
块森林试验区，面积
大小从
2.5
< br>英亩到
250
英亩不等，每一块都被一片分割开来的广袤
草场包围起来，这些草场
与正在向大多数其他热带雨林周边推进的草场相类似。
在大量的调查结果中，
上周出版的一
篇关于生活
在绿地较低层的鸟类的分析报告发现，至少需要一块
2500
英
亩的森林区域
--
相
当于实验中划出来
的最大的一块试验区的
10
倍
--
才能防止那些鸟类的品种在仅仅
15
年左右
的时间里减少
50%
。
《美国国家科学院学报》上新刊登的一篇专题研究论文用毫不夸张的科学语言总结道：
当你考虑到在地球上一些物种资源丰富的地区，
留存下来的森
林中一大部分是小于
2500
英
亩的分
散小块时，这是多么不幸。
面对这些情况和其他证据，
愈来愈多的自然资源保护生物学家说：
应该同时尝试所有可
行的办法。
?
美国
?
密苏里州植物园园长彼得
?H?
雷文博士说：
显然，最
有效的保护生物多
样性的方法是保护自然栖息地，
同时，
还要找出那些自然界中最为濒危的物种，
用某种方法
< br>把它们保护起来，比如，把它们放入物种培育采集库、植物园、动物园、种子银行等诸如此
类的地方。
他说，但最为重要的是通过减缓人口增长和
更有效地利用资源找到减少人类对
世界最后原始生态地区的压力的方法。遗传解构学的先
驱之一，
J?
克雷格
?
文特尔博士同意
这一看法。
文特尔博士从对人类和其他
物种的
DNA
基因排序的研究转到了对整个生态系统
的基因分析，最近开始了对马尾藻海海水的研究。他说，他的小组在
2
月份（指
2003
年
2
月份
--
译者）收集的
5
份
50
加仑的样本中发
现了上百万种不同的基因类型，这与人类个体
具有的约
2600
0
种基因相比实在是太多了。
他补充说，
这不过才触及到皮毛而已。
他所做的
只是许多努力中的一部分
。英国有一个
千禧年种子银行
。它不断扩大，收藏了该国所有植
物。
（美国）
圣地亚哥动物园有一座与其相应的
冷藏动物园
< br>
，其中保存了许多物种的数千
个
DNA
样本和细胞株的资料。即使如此，考虑到自然界极为复杂，文特尔博士补充说：<
/p>
如果我们尽力保护好现存生物的多样性，而不是试图在将来去重新
创造它，我们才更明智。
英语短文：
The Last
Class(
最后一课
)
<
/p>
都德的《最后一课》相信大家都在课本上读过，故事借亚尔萨斯
省
一个小孩小弗朗士的自述，
具体地描写一所小学所上的最后一堂法文
课。
作家回避了普法战争的正面战场，
而把笔墨转向一幅极
为平常的生
活画面：小学生迟到，老师讲课、提问，习字，拼音练习，下课
……
描
写极为冷静、客观、朴素，却极具感染力。我
们就用这部名篇的英文译
本来体会一下：
I was very late for school that
morning, and I was terribly afraid of being
scolded[
责骂
],
especially
as
Mon
sieur[
法语
:
先生
]
Hamel
had
told
us
that
he should examine us on
participles[
分词
], and I did
not know the first thing
about
them.
For
a
moment
I
thought
of
staying
away
from
school
and
wandering about the fields. It was such
a warm, lovely day. I could hear the
blackbirds
whistling
on
the
edge
of
the
wood,
and
in
the
Rippert
field,
behind the
sawmill[
锯木厂
], the Prussians
going through their drill. All that
was
much more tempting to me than the rules concerning
participles; but I
had the strength to
resist, and I ran as fast as I could to school.
那天早晨，我去上学，去得非常晚，我好害怕被责骂，特别是，阿麦尔
先生跟我们说过，
他要考一考分词规则，
而我连头一个字都不
会。
这时，
在我的头脑里冒出了逃学、去田野跑一跑的念头。天
气是那么暖和，那
么晴朗！
我听见乌鸦在小树林边鸣叫，
普鲁士人正在锯木厂后面的里贝
尔草地上操练。所有这一切都比分词规
则更吸引我，但我还是顶住了诱
惑，加快脚步向学校方向跑去。
As I passed the mayor's
office, I saw that there were people gathered
about
the little board on which notices
were posted. For two years all our bad news
had
come
from
that
board-battles
lost,
conscriptions[
< br>征兵
],
orders
from
headquarters; and I
thought without stopping:
<
/p>
从村政府门前经过的时候，我看见许多人站在小布告栏前。这两年来，
所有的坏消息，诸如吃败仗啦，征兵征物啦，还有普鲁士占领军司令部
发布的命令啦
，都是从那里来的。我边跑边想：
又有什么事吗？
Then, as I ran across the square,
Wachter the blacksmith, who stood there
with his
apprentice[
学徒
], reading the
placard[
布告
], called out to
me:
I thought that he was
making fun of me, and I ran into Monsieur Hamel's
little yard all out of breath.
< br>当我跑着穿过广场的时候，
正在布告栏前和徒弟一起看布告的瓦克特尔
铁匠朝我高喊：
小家伙，不用赶得那么急；你去得
再晚也不会迟到的！
我以为他在跟我开玩笑，
< br>便上气不接下气地跑进阿麦尔先生的小教室。
Usually, at
the beginning of
school, there was a great
uproar[
喧嚣
]
which
could
be
heard
in
the
street,
desks
opening
and
closing,
lessons
repeated
aloud in
unison[
一致
], with our ears
stuffed in order to learn quicker, and
the teacher's stout ruler beating on
the desk:
往常，
开始上课
的时候，
总是一片乱哄哄的嘈杂声，
斜面课桌的开关声，
同学们一起捂住耳朵高声背诵课文的声音，街上都听得见。先生的大戒
尺敲打着课桌：
安静一点！
I counted on all this noise to reach my bench unnoticed; but as it happened,
that
day
everything
was
quiet,
like
a
Sunday
morning.
Through
the
open
window
I
saw
my
comrades
already
in
their
places,
and
Monsieur
Hamel