-
上海市七宝中学
2017
学年高二第二学期
5
月月考试卷
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions:
After reading the passages below, fill
in the blanks to make the passages coherent and
grammatically correct.
For the blanks
with a given word, fill in each blank with the
proper form of the given word; for the other
blanks, use one
word that best fits
each blank.
(A)
Does City Living Hurt Mental
Health?
People often move to
cities (1)________ better jobs and more cultural
activities. But are they putting (2)________ at
risk? Maybe.
Experts at the American Psychiatry
Association say that “natural environments or
green spaces” do much for good our
mental
health
and
(3)________(experience)
nature
helps
people
recover
from
the
mental
tiredness
that
comes
from
day
-
to
-
day
work.
On the other hand,
(4)________ they cannot say exactly why, mental
health experts say some research suggests that
city living might hurt our mental
health.
Andrea
Mechelli
is
a
doctor
with
the
Institute
of
Psychiatry
at
Kings
College,
London.
have
been
studies
(5)________ people were taken out of an
urban environment into a rural environment, and
their symptoms would improve.
And we
also see that the greater the city the greater the
risk.
Kings College
researchers, along with city planners and land and
building designers hoped (6)________(learn) more
about
city
living
and
mental
illness.
So,
they
created
a
smartphone
app
called
Urban
Mind.
They
say
they
wanted
to
understand (7)________ different parts
of the urban environment affect mental wellbeing.
The Urban Mind app
(8)________(measure) your experience of city
living in the moment. Researchers collected real
time information from 108 people, who
answered just over 3,000 questions during a
one
-
week period.
The researchers found that being
outdoors, seeing trees, hearing birdsong, seeing
the sky, and feeling in contact with
nature (9)________(associate) with
higher levels of mental
well
-
being. They also found
that these seeming effects of nature
were especially strong in those
individuals at greater risk of mental health
problems.
The
Urban
Mind
Project
team
says
it
hopes
results
will
inform
future
urban
planning
and
social
policy
(10)________(intend) to improve design
and health.
【
答
案
】
lves
encing
gh/though
learn
es
associated
ed
【分析】
1.
考介词。人们经常为了更好的工
作和更多的文化活动而搬到城市，表目的，所以填
for
。
2.
考代词。
首先句子缺宾语，所以判断填代词。根据意思可知：他们搬到城市可能把自己置于危险中，所以填
themselves
。
3.
考动词。动名词作主语，所以填
experiencing
。
4.
考连词。根据意思可知：虽然他
们说不出具体原因，但是精神专家说有些研究表明住在城市可能会伤害精神健
康。所以填
although/though
。
5.
考连词。首先判断该句是定语从
句，因为从句不缺主要成分，先行词表抽象的地点名词，所以填
where
。
6.
考动词。固定搭配，
hope to
do
。
7.
考连词。根据句义：他们说他们想知道城市不同的环境是如何影响（人的）精神健康的。
表方式，填
how
。
- 1 -
8.
考动词。首先判断该空填谓语动
词，陈述事实，所以用一般现在时
measures
。
9.
考动词。
首先判断该空填谓语动词形式，
因为主句时态是过去时，
从句主语是五个动名词短语，
所以填复数
were
associated
。
Be
associated with
：和
......
相关。
10.
考动词。首先判断该空填非谓语形式，
intend
< br>“打算”跟逻辑主语是被动关系，所以填
intended
。
(B)
Worst man
extinctions may have been caused by rising
mountains
The birth of a
mountain range in (1)________ is now South Africa
may have helped to drive one of the most severe
mass extinctions In Earth's history.
The Permian extinction
(2)________(strike) about 252 million years ago.
It is traditionally thought (3)________(wipe)
out at least 80 percent of species in
the sea and on land.
But in
the put five year, we have discovered that another
mass extinction happened not long before, with
most of the
land extinctions happening
during the (4)________(early) period, roughly 260
million years ago at the end of the Capitanian
Age
by
leaving
ecosystems
depleted
of
species,
(5)________(make)
them
vulnerable
to
disruptions
from
the
volcanic
eruptions.
The
extinction on land was huge, says Spencer Lucas at
the New Mexico museum of Natural History. The team
he led
studied the fossilized teeth of
Diictodon Felikeys, (6)________ plant-eating,
mammal-like reptile that was common at that
time. But there was no sign (7)________
temperatures rose during that period. The team was
puzzled (8)________ they
realized the
fossils (9)________(date) back to that period
belonged to South Africa's Cape Fold mountains,
which may once
have been as the
Himalayas are today.
The mountains
could have stopped moisture (10)________ the sea
reaching Pangaea's interior, thus leading to
drying
and ultimately die-offs ---
without a corresponding increase in temperature.
【答案】
have wiped
r
6.a
【分析】
1.
考连词。首先判断该句是宾语从
句，因为从句缺主语，所以填
what
。
2.
考动词。首先判断该空填谓
语动词，因为后面有时间标志
ago
，所以填
< br>struck
。
3.
考动词。首先固定搭配
be thought to do
（被认为做
......
），又动作已经发
生，所以填
to have
wiped
。
4.
考形容词。根据句义：大多数陆
地上的灭绝活动发生在早期，所以填
earlier
。
5.
考动词。介词
by
引导的并列动词，所以填
maki
ng
。
6.
考冠词。该句是
Diictodon Felikeys
的同位语，一种食草的哺乳类爬行动物，所以填
a
。
7.
考连词。首先判断该句是同位语从句，从句不缺主要成分，所以填
that
。
8.
考连词。根据句义：这个团队感到很困惑，直到他们意识到这些化石来自南非的折角山，这里可能曾经
是喜马
拉雅山脉。所以填
until
。
9.
考动
词。该空是非谓语，跟逻辑主语
fossils
是主动关系，所
以填
dating
。
date
back to
：追溯到
......
10.
考介词。根据句义：山脉可能
阻止了来自海洋的水气到达
Pangaea
内部，所以填
from
。
Section B
Directions:
Complete the following passage by using
the words in the box. Each word can only be used
once. Note that
there is one word more
than you need.
(A)
- 2 -
A. delivered
AD. strategies
B. management
BC. sufficient
C. overlooked
BD. tremendous
D. products
CD. urbanization
AB. rural
ABC.
worst
AC. shifted
National governments
neglecting development needs of cities
National governments around the world
are neglecting the needs of their major cities
with non-existent or inadequate
development policies, a new report has
found.
National
governments
are
key
to
making
cities
more
sustainable,
because
cities
are
limited
distinctly
in
the
policy
measures
they
can
take
for
themselves,
the
report
points
out.
However,
only
a
quarter
of
the
world's
governments
have
urban development policies at all, and
most of those that do exist are far from
(1)________ to make cities sustainable.
The report looks at the key
measures of energy production, transport, waste
(2)________ and
infrastructure(
基础设施
).
For instance, putting in adequate
public transport can transform the lives of
citizens and the carbon footprint of the cities
they live in. Encouraging the use of
electric vehicles above petrol-driven cars can
also have a(n) (3)________ effect, not
just on greenhouse gas emissions but
also on removing some of the key causes of air
pollution.
The
report,
from
the
Stockholm
Environment
Institute
and
the
Coalition
for
Urban
Transitions
and
funded
by
Bloomberg Philanthropies, suggests
national governments have (4)________ the needs of
their major cities even when they
have
in
place
national
policies
on
issues
such
as
climate
change
and
greenhouse
gas
emissions.
Derik
Broekhoff
of
the
Stockholm
Environment Institute, the lead author of the
study, said:
at the heart of their
national development (5)________. Countries must
consider what policies need to be (6)________ in
order to ensure their countries and
cities are prepared for the unprecedented
(7)________ and climate challenges the world
is facing.
Cities
around
the
world
are
facing
rapid
population
growth,
and
are
likely
to
be
among
the
areas
(8)________
by
dramatic
climate
change,
in
part
because
many
are
at
risk
of
rising
sea
levels,
floods
and
droughts.
For
most
of
human
history,
the
(9)________
population
was
greater
than
those
of
cities,
and
it
is
only
in
just
over
the
last
decade
that
this
balance has (10)________, with
most of
the world's
populations now living in urban centres, a trend
that is expected to
speed up even
further.
【答案】
BC B BD C AD A
CD ABC AB AC
【分析】
1.
根据词组
far
from+adj(
远远不
……
的
)
可知，这里需要一个形容词，根据句意是
“
< br>这些政策是远远不充分的
”
，
所
以填
BC
，
sufficient
意思是充分的，充足的。
2.
根据句意是关于能源生产，交通
和废物
……
的一些措施，所以应该填名词
B,
意思是废物管理。
3.
根据词性搭配，
可知需要一个形容词，
表示有一个
……
的影响，
再根据句意，
可知是产生巨大的影响，
选
BD
。
4.
根据词性搭配，
可知这里是
have
done
的形式，
这句话的意思是
“<
/p>
政府
……
了大城市的需求
”
，
再联系文章标题，
可知是
忽视了他们的需求，所以填
C
，
ove
rlook
忽视。
5.
根据句意是
“
政府应该把城市放在他们国家发展
……
< br>的核心
”
，所以这里需要一个名词和发展搭配，即
stategies,
翻译为
“
策略
”
。
6.
根据
need
to
be,
可知此处填
done
的
形式，句意是
“
国家应考虑什么样的政策应该被
……”
所以这里填
delivered
本意是
“
传达
”
。
7.
根据句意是
“
为空前的
……<
/p>
做好准备
”
，可知需要一个名词，填
urbanization
，城市化。
8.
根据句意是
“
城市是最糟糕的地方之一
”
，所
以填
worst
。
9.
根据句意
“
在人类历史上，
……
的人口比城市
人口多
”
，可知应该填
AB
，乡村的。
10.
根据词性搭配
have
done
可知这里
V-ed
形式，据
句意可知是
“
这个平衡转变了
”
。
(B)
- 3 -
A. alternative
AD. sought
B. assumedly
BC.
splitting
C. attempt
BD.
trading
D. changeably
CD.
undecided
AB. collapsed
ABC.
virtual
AC. regulated
Are cryptocurrencies about
to go mainstream?
Cryptocurrencies, also digital
currencies, are under the microscope as never
before. On Tuesday the
blockchain(
区块
链
)
supporting
bitcoin(
比特币
)
is
(1)________
in
two,
as
members
of
the
bitcoin
community
unhappy
with
the
digital
currency's direction set up a(n)
(2)________ called Bitcoin Cash. However, Bitcoin
Cash will likely only be worth a part of
bitcoin.
The
original
digital
currency
is
(3)________
at
around
$$2,778.39,
but
future
values
for
Bitcoin
Cash
are
just
$$288.35,
or 0.103 of a bitcoin.
Last
week
the
Russian
national
Alexander
Vinnik,
who
(4)________
cheated
early
adopters
of
millions
of
pounds'
worth of bitcoins,
including funds obtained from the
hack(
非法侵入
) of failed bitcoin
exchange Mt Gox, was arrested in
Greece.
Vinnik
was described by the US Department of Justice as
the operator of BTC
-
e, an
exchange used to trade bitcoin
since
2011,
which
was
used
to
transfer
more
than
$$4bn
for
people
involved
in
crimes.
Greek
police
claimed
that
the
38
-
year
-
old
was
US authorities also
linked him to the failure of Mt Gox, the
Japan
-
based bitcoin exchange
that (6)________ in 2014
after being
hacked. Vinnik
-
e and
Tradehill, another San
Francisco
-
based
exchange he owned, according to court documents.
The Russian authorities
have become progressively concerned about the
potential for digital currencies to be used for
illegal means, but remain (7)________
about whether it is a currency or a financial
property. Elvira Nabiullina, governor of
the Russian central bank, has said it
should be (8)________ as a digital property.
considered as a(n) (9)________
currency,
But the country's
deputy finance minister, Alexey Moiseev, recently
said the authorities hoped to recognize bitcoin
and
other
cryptocurrencies
as
a
legal
financial
instrument
next
year
in
a(n)
(10)________
to
handle
Vinnik
-
style
money
transferring.
【答案】
BC A BD B AD AB CD AC
ABC C
【分析】
1
．
根据句
意是
“
比特币一分为二
”
，所以应该填
splitting
，意思是分开，被
劈开。
2
．
根据句意是
“
一些不满意数码货币方向
的成员建立了一个
……”
可知，填一个名词，而
alternative
是最适合的，
意思是
“
供替代的选择
”
3
．
根据句
意是
“
原始的比币以约
$$2,778.
39
的价值正在
……”,
可知这里需要
一个
V-ing ,
所以
tradin
g
，交易。
4
．
根据语
法可知，这是一个定语从句，主谓已经完成，所以填副词，
assumedly
意思是
“
认为地
”
，也就是说这个人
被认为欺骗了
……
。
5
．
根据句
意是
“
这个
38
岁的人是国际寻找的策划者
”
，所以填动词
< br>seek
的被动
sought
，
寻找。
6
．
根据句意是
“
被黑客之后，在
2014
年
……
了
”
，所以应该填一个动词过去式，
coll
apse
意思是瓦解。
7
．
根据<
/p>
remain
这个系动词之后加
adj<
/p>
或者分词，可知
“
俄国政府仍然是未决定
的
”
。
8
．
根据
should be
done
可知，这里填动词的过去分词，所以
should
be regulated,
意思是应该被管理。
9
．
根据句
意
“
我们认为比特币不能被当作是一种
……
的货币
”
，可知这里填形容词
virtual
，意思是
“
真实的
”
。
10.
根据句意是
“
某人希望
把比特币当作一种合法的工具，尝试去处理其他的问题
”
，所以
这里填名词
attempt
。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
- 4 -
Directions:
For each blank in the following passage
there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and
D.
Fill in each
blank with the word or phrase that best
fits the context.
A
Online
deception is now so commonplace that criminal
gangs are using it as part of a wider range of
activities to make
money out of the
public.
You see the industry adjusting
to fight against that,
This
was made (2)________ in May this year when there
was an unparalleled attack on thousands of
computer systems
around
the
world,
after
a
worm,
named
WannaCry,
attacked
computers
in
more
than
150
countries,
with
payments
of
$$300
-
600
to
restore
access. There
were an
estimated
45,000
attacks across
the UK,
Russia, Ukraine,
India,
China,
Italy,
Egypt and beyond, with major companies
(3)________.
One of the
reasons these attacks spread so (4)________ is
that businesses and consumers don't update their
software on
a regular basis. Downey
(5)________ it to a situation in which a car is
left in a garage and a thief tries all of the
doors to see
if
one
has
been
left
unlocked:
don't
realize
they
are
leaving
that
proverbial
car
unlocked
because
they
don't
understand the nature of these
(6)________ attacks.
At the
heart of the problem is the (7)________ of
organized crime.
don't want just one
trick to bring in all of their income; it may be
(8)________, they may have a slow month and then
they'll
have a cashflow
problem,
Hacks and the
threat of information theft have led to a(n)
(9)________ of e
-
commerce
among some of the population,
says
Downey.
To
fight
that
unease,
simple
measures
need
to
be
adopted
by
retailers(
零售商
)
in
order
to
maintain
the
public's trust. (10)________, this can
be achieved by ensuring they create a trustworthy
environment for consumers, such as
by
serving websites through SSL, which establishes a
secure connection between the (11)________ and
business.
But
for
both
businesses
and
consumers,
one
simple
thing
remains
(12)________:
those
who
can
keep
both
their
security up to date and their passwords
secure will be ahead of the crowd, says Downey.
curve of the average business or
consumer.
So don't use
variations of one password on lots of
(13)________. If criminals hack a database with
your log
-
in permit,
they will then be able to (14)________
your passwords on other accounts. Make sure your
passwords have lots of characters
and
include numbers, symbols and capital letters.
(15)________ obvious dictionary words, and
importantly make each of
your passwords
completely different.
1. A. boring
B.
profitable
C. dangerous
D. surprising
2. A. evident
B. mysterious
C. peculiar
D.
infectious
3. A. updated
B. transformed
C. established
D. infected
4. A. moderately
B. easily
C. cautiously
D.
gradually
5. A. compares
B. applies
C. devotes
D. limits
6. A.
personal
B. targeted
C.
random
D. similar
7. A. variety
B.
timing
C. punishment
D. detection
8. A. thrown away
B.
taken in
C. shut down
D. carried out
9. A. exhaustion
B. result
C.
disappearance
D. mistrust
10.
A. For example
B. By comparison
C. What's more
D. In summary
11. A. hacker
B.
customer
C. retailer
D.
website
12. A. unchanged
B. varying
C.
unpredictable
D. avoidable
13.
A. curves
B. characters
C. dictionaries
D.
accounts
14. A. record
B. suspend
C. crack
D. ruin
- 5 -
15. A.
Investigate
B. Consult
C.
Avoid
D. Guarantee
【答案】
BADBA
CACDA
BADCC
【分析】
1.
判断选形容词，
B
获利的
2.
判断选形容词，
A
明显的
evidence
为证据，
C
特别的，
D
有传染性的
3.
判断选动词，
D
感染
A
更新
4.
判断选动词，
A
适当的，温和的，
C
小心的，
D
逐渐的
5.
判断动词，
apply for
申请，
apply in
运用于
devote to doing
6.
判断选形容词，
C
随意的，
B
瞄准的
7.
判断选名词，记时
8.
判断选动词，关闭的意思
9.
判断选名词，
mistrust
不信任；怀疑
10.
判断选后面举例子
11.
判断选名词，
B
顾
客
12.
判断选形容词
,
没有改变的
13.
< br>判断选名词，
D
账户
14.D
废墟或遗址，作动词毁灭
15.
判断选动词，
avoid
doing
B
What NASA has been doing,
besides designing its own rocket to go to Mars, is
a lot of work on how to take care of the
passengers. In March, (1)________
astronaut Scott Kelly and Mikhail Komienko
returned to Earth after 340 days on the
space
station.
On
their
'One-Year
Mission',
they
served
as
pioneers
for
studies
of
what
a
yearlong
journey
in
space
(a
round-trip to Mars might
take nearly three years) can do to the human body
and mind. As they (2)________ back into the
atmosphere, Komienko recalls, their
capsule (
太空舱
) was shaking
like a car on a rough road, and fist-size fire
balls were
flying past the portholes.
He and Kelly could barely breathe: After a year of
weightlessness their lungs and chest muscles
were weak. And once they landed, they
could barely walk. The ground crew carried them
from the capsule, (3)________
they
might fall and break a bone. In May, Kelly was
still saying that his feet hurt.
Hollywood movies convey the (4)________
of weightlessness. Interviews with Kelly and
Komienko from the space
station
(5)________ at the other side. On a much longer,
much more risky Mars journey, in which Earth is
not 250 miles but
millions of miles
away, with no (6)________ to turn back, what space
can do to a human body could be a huge problem.
Bones (7)________ in
weightless conditions: You lose one percent of
your bone mass per month. Vigorous exercise
helps,
but
the
sports
equipment
used
on
the
space
station
weighs
too
much
for
a Mars
mission.
Some
astronauts
on
the
station have also experienced serious
vision damage. The dark prospect is that
astronauts land on Mars with (8)________
vision and weak bones and immediately
break a leg.
Radiation is
another risk. The astronauts on the
spac
e station are still mostly
(9)________ by Earth’s magnetic field.
But on a journey to Mars they'd be
exposed to solar radiation and cosmic
rays(
宇宙射线
), the latter of
which especially can
damage DNA and
brain cells.
Just keeping
astronauts (10)________ with drinkable water and
breathable air is a challenge. Some of the water
on the
space
station
comes
from
recycling
urine(
尿液
)
and
sweat.
But
like
nearly
every
other
device
on
the
space
station,
the
recycling device will sometimes
(11)________ to work, and devices that remove
carbon dioxide from air will break down
too. On the space station, that's not
(12)________; NASA, can send up spare parts. A
spacecraft on Mars trip would have
only
the spares it could carry with it. All the
(13)________ equipment would need to be much more
reliable than it is now,
essentially
(14)________.
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