高分子化学名词解释英文

High

elastic

polymer

material

of

reversible

deformation.

纤维（

F iber

）：

P

olymer by certain

mechanical processing

(traction, stretching, shaping,

etc.) to

for

m

a thin

and flexible filaments, the

formation

of

fibers.

热塑性聚合物（

Thermoplastics

Polymer

）：

Macromolecule

polymer

formed

by

physic

force

,it

can

melt

when

heated,can

dissolve

in

appropriate

solvent .

热固性聚合物（

Thermosetting

Polymer

）：

Many

linear

or

branching

macromolecules

form

cross-link

ed

shape

polymer

connected

by

chemical

bond .

碳链聚合物（

Carbon-chain

Polymer

）：

Macromolecular main

chain composed entirely

of carbon

atom

s

in the

polymer

杂链聚合物（

Hetero-chain

Polymer

）：

Macromolecular polymer main

chain in

addition

to carbon

ato

ms,

there

are oxygen, nitrogenand

other heteroatoms

元素有机聚合物

(Element

Organic

Polymer)

：

Macromolecular polymer main chain is

not

carbon,

ma

inly from

silicon, boron,

aluminum and

oxygen,

nitrogen,

sulfur and

phosphorus atoms.

无机高分子（

Inorganic

Polymer

）：

There

was

no carbon

atoms

in

main chain

and side

chaincarbon

atoms of

the

polymer

聚合反应

(Polymerization)

：

Reaction

that

low

molecular

weight

monomer

synthetize

polymer.

第二章

自由基聚合

(Free-Radical

Polymerization)

活性种（

Reactive

Species

）：

Material

that

reak

the

π

bond

of

monomers

,make

chain

initiation

an

d

can

be

free

radical

,or

cation

or

anion .

均裂

（

Homolysis

：

The

form

of

breaking

the

covalent

bond

,the

result

of

homolysis

is

,a

pair

of

electron

apart

belong

to

two

groups,each

group

has

one

independent

electron

which

appears

neut

ral.

异裂

(Heterolysis)

：

Compounds form covalent bond

cleavage, the

result

of different crack, covalent

bo

nd on a

pair

of

electrons all belong

to one group, this groupformed anion, while the other electron- def

icientgroup, known

as cations.

自由基聚合（

Radical

Polymerization

）：

chain

polymerization

whose

active

center

of

is

free

radical .

离子聚合（

Ionic

Polymerization

）：

chain

polymerization

whose

active

center

of

is

Anions

and

catio

ns.

阳离子聚合

(Cationic

Po lymerization)

：以阳离子作为活性中心的连锁聚合。

阴离子聚合

(Anionic

Polymerization)

：以阳离子作为活性中心的连锁聚合。

诱导效应

(Induction

Effect)

：

The

electrondonating

and

electronabsorptio

n

of

monomer

substitutes.

共轭效应

(Resonance

Effect)

：

Resonance

Effect

exists

in

the

Resonance

system,

it is

due

to orbit

i

nteraction arising

fromcross-conjugated

system covers each keyoccurs on

the average electron

densit

y of an

electronic effect.

空间位阻效应

(Steric

Effect)

：

the effect caused

by

the substituent size, number,

location,

the

ability o

f

itsmonomers have

significant impact

but it

does

not

involve the

choice of

the active

species.

链引发（

Chain

Initiation

）：

Reaction

that

form

monomer

free

radical

active

species.

The

formation

of

primary

radicals

(l.e,decoposition

of

initiator

),the

formation

of

monomer

radicals.

链增长（

Chain

Propaga tion

）：

After

free

radical

form,it

still

has

activity

to

open

the

second

vinyl

molecule

’

s

π

double

bond

,then

form

new

radical,

new free

radical activity does

not increase with

t

he decaychains, and other monomers molecules into

theunit's chain

of more free

radicals,

that chaingr

owth.

链终止（

Chain

Termination

）：。

the

activity

of

free

radicals

are

high

,there

is

the

tendency

to

hav

e

interaction

to

terminate

and

lose

activity .reactions

that

loss

of

activity

to

form

a

stable

polymer

is

called

chain

termination reaction

偶合终止（

Coupling

Termination

）：

Temination

reaction

that

Two

chain

free

radicals

’

independent

e

lectron

interact

to

form

covalent

bond .the

result

of

couping

termination

is

the

degree

of

polymeri

zation

of

macromolecular

is

twice

the

number

of

repeating

units.

歧化终止（

Disproportionation

Termination

）：

Termination

reaction

that

one

chain

radical

rob

H

at

om

or

other

atom

of

anther

free

radical .

the

result

of

disproportionation

termination

is

the

degre

e

of

polymerization

of

macromolecular

is

the

same

as

the

number

of

repeating

units.

链转移

(Chain

Transfer)

：

In

the radical

polymerization process, chain

radicals

can

rob

atom

to

termi

nate

from

monomersolventinitiatorand

some

low

molecular

weight,making

the

molecular

which

lo

se

the

atom

become

the

new

radical,and

continue

new

chain

propagation

,this

reaction

is

called

c

haint

ransfer

引发剂

(Initi ator)

：

material

that

can

form

active

center

in

polymerazition

system

,making

monomer

s

connected

to

be

radicals.

半衰期（

Half

Life

）：

the

time

needed

for

the

initiator

to

decompose

to

half

its

original

concentrat

ion

诱导期

Induction

period

：

the

early polymerization

primary free

radical terminated

by

inhibitor impuri

ties, no polymer formed during

the

polymerization

rate of

zero.

诱导分解（

Induced

Decomposition

）

induced

decomposition is

actually

that

free

radicals

transferred

with

the

initiator,which

leads

to

the

low

initiation

efficiency.

笼蔽效应（

Cage

Effect

）：

The

initiator

concentration

is

very

low

in

polymerization

system,

so

the

primary

radicals

are

besieged

by

the

cage

of

solvent

molecules.

引发剂效率

(Initiator

Efficiency)

：

some polymerization initiator

accounter

for

initiator

decomposition fr

action of

total

consumption as the

initiator efficiency.

转化率

(Conversion)

：

Monomer into

the polymer fraction, equal

to the

monomer into

the polymer tha

n

the monomer tothe

total spent.

热引发聚合

(Thermal-Initiation

Polymerization)

：

聚合单体 中不加入引发剂，

单体只在热的作用下，

进行的

聚合称为热引发聚合。

光引发聚合

(Photo-Initiation

Polymerization)

：

polymerization

that

Monomer in

the

optical excitation (n

ot

to

join

theinitiator),

occur

polymerization

is

known

as light induced

polymerization.

光引发效率

(Photo-Initiation

Efficiency)

：

Also

known

as

the quantum

yield of

free

radicals, present

t

hat every absorbed photon producesa number of free

radicals.

辐射聚合

(Radiation

Polymerization) polymerization

of monomer

Caused by high

energy radiation

自动加速现象

(Auto-accelerative

Phenomena)

：

In

most

radical

polymerization

systems,

when

the

co

nversion

reaches

a

certain

value

（

15

％～

20

％），

autoacce leration

takes

celeration

is

m

ainly

caused

by

the

increase

of

the

system

viscosity

，

thus

autoacceleration

is

also

called

gel

effect.

动力学链长

(Kinetics

Chain

Length)

：

defined

as

the

average

number

of

monomer

molecules

consu

med

per

each

radical

which

initiates

a

polymer

chain.

链转移常数

(Chain

Transfer

Constant)

：是链转移速率常数和增长速率常数之比，代表链转移反应与链增

长反应的竞争能力。

链转移剂

(Chain

Transfer

Agent)

：< /p>

聚合物生产过程中人为地加入的一种自由基能够向其转移的试剂，

用于

调节聚合物分子量

阻聚剂（

Inhibitor

）：能够使每一自由基都终止，形成非自由基物 质，或形成活性低、不足以再引发的自

由基的试剂，它能使聚合完全停止。

缓聚剂（

Retarder

）：

reagents

Can

make some radical termination, slow

the

polymerization

自由基寿命

(Radical

Lifetime)

：

Refers

to

the

time

that

from

generated

to

the

termination

of

free

r

adicals

聚合上限温度

(Ceiling

Temperature

of

Po lymerization)

：

ΔG=0

，

the temperature

when

Polymerization

and

depolymerization in

equilibrium

is

the

maximum temperature

of polymerization

第三章

自由基共聚合

(Free-Radical

Co-polymerization)

均聚合（

Homo-polymerization