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初中英语语法一 句子结构

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2021-02-19 00:33
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2021年2月19日发(作者:三番五次)



第一讲、夯实基础,掌握句子结构。



我们的目标是:坚决不写畸形句子!













一、简单句型两大类



为 了方便大家记忆,我们将简单句的五种基本句型分为了


两大类:



1.



主语


+


系动词


+


表语



(表特征)



例:


My mother is a teacher.


我妈妈是一名老师。



2.



主语


+


谓语


+[


其它


]


(表动作)



例:


Class begins.


开始上课了。







They are playing basketball.


他们在打篮球。








第一种句子成分


——


主语

< br>是句子所叙述的主体,


是发出动作的事物!


< p>
或者


表示所说的



是什么





是谁< /p>




主语主要由名词、代词或相当于名词 的单词,短语或从句充当。




Harry potter


is the hero in this book.


We


often speak english in class.


Playing basketball


is interesting.


试着找出下列句子的主语



He is tall.


He works hard.


I believe him.



I believe that he is honest.


To learn English is important.


Swimming is a sport he enjoys.


That he has been to many parts of the world is known to everyone in our class.


用动词做的主语和从句主语也可用


it


替代 ,叫形式主语,真实主语在句中都后移,如:



It is important to learn English.


It is known to everyone in our class that he has been to many parts of the world








第二种句子成分


——谓语


常位于主语之后。 说明主语


“做什么(动作)



“是什么 东西”


“怎么样(特性)



。总是由动 词或动词短语充当。


谓语与主语在人称和数上必须保持一致!



I


saw


your brother yesterday.


Please


look after


the twins.


David`s hobby


is writting


.


You may


keep


the book for two weeks.


快来找找下列句子的谓语:



My mom is weaving a sweater.


The little boy is crying for his dog.


She looks so amazing.


I am so happy for you.


You are not my cup of tea.


特 别友情提示:


用作


主语


的名词中心词和


谓语动词



单、


复数形式



一致




I like homework.


She likes the boy next classroom.


Ultraman beats little monters.


I am a cute boy.


She is beautiful.


Her children are naughty like monkeys.



第三种句子成分


——宾语


位于


及物动词


之后, 表示动作的对象,承受者或结果。


主要


由名词、代词或相当于名 词的单词,短语或从句充当。



He did his


English homework


.








(名词作宾语)



The workers are building the


bridge


.




(名词作宾语)



I enjoy


sharing my work experience


.



(动词< /p>


ing


形式作宾语)








She is doing


her homework


now.






(名词作宾语)












She said


she felt sick.

















(从句作宾语)




We often help


him


.


















(代词作宾语)




He likes


playing basketball.










(动名词


V-ing


作宾语


)




He



likes


to play basketball


.












(不定式作宾语)





能不能分辨出下面句子的宾语呢?



The boys were watching the world cup match.



Can you feel the power of love?


We enjoy



listening to the music.





She wanted a barbie toy so much when she was young.


Zhang Yimou made a love movie.




第四种句子成分

< br>——表语


用以说明主语的


身份



特征



状态


, 说明主语



是什么


< br>或




么样




I am


a teacher


.


She is


beautiful


.


This song sounds


good


.


Leaves turned


green


.


找出下面句子的表语



This flower is beautiful.





I felt very tired.





You look worried.





It tastes delicious.



I am fine .



He is a boy .



Five plus two is seven .







We are here .


He is not at home .


My hobby is reading .




第一大类句子结构:



功能

< p>


不表示具体动作


,表示主语的

< br>特点


或者


性质特征


,所以也叫< /p>


主语补足语




1.


主语


+


系动词


+


表语(


SVP



+


【状语】



be


动词



become< /p>


是英语中常见的


系动词



后面必须接表语,


才能用来说明主语,


表示

< p>








变成




,


或者“是什么样”等意思。表语通常由名词、形容词、代词、数


词、介词短语及不定式 等充当。



I


am


a teacher.


He


become


a scientist.


My sister


is


out now.


They


are


honest.


在英语中,除了


be


动词和


become


属于系动词外,还有一些行为动词,当它们 表示



态存在


或表示

< br>状态变化


时也可以作系动词。这类动词包括:












become / get /turn / go /grow




感官





look









(眼)看起来













sound








(耳)听起来













taste









(口)尝起来













smell









(鼻)闻起来













feel










(手)摸起来


















Children


grow


wiser as they grow.


The lijiang river


looks


especially beautiful in the early morning.


Dinner


smells


good.


His voice


sounded


strange on the phone.


The cake


tastes


delicious.


第五种句子成分


——


状语


,可位于< /p>


句首、句末或句中


,用来修饰动词、形容词、

副词或整个句子,表示动作,行为发生的


时间、地点、目的、原因、方式、程度


等。由副


词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当。



He speaks English


very well


.




(表程度)



He is playing


under the tree


.




(表地点)



I come


to see you


.













(表目的)





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