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第一讲、夯实基础,掌握句子结构。
我们的目标是:坚决不写畸形句子!
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一、简单句型两大类
为
了方便大家记忆,我们将简单句的五种基本句型分为了
两大类:
1.
主语
+
系动词
+
表语
(表特征)
例:
My mother is a teacher.
我妈妈是一名老师。
2.
主语
+
谓语
+[
其它
]
(表动作)
例:
Class begins.
开始上课了。
They are playing basketball.
他们在打篮球。
p>
第一种句子成分
——
主语
< br>是句子所叙述的主体,
是发出动作的事物!
或者
表示所说的
“
是什么
”
或
“
是谁<
/p>
”
。
主语主要由名词、代词或相当于名词
的单词,短语或从句充当。
Harry potter
is the hero in
this book.
We
often speak
english in class.
Playing basketball
is interesting.
试着找出下列句子的主语
He is
tall.
He works hard.
I
believe him.
I believe that
he is honest.
To learn English is
important.
Swimming is a sport he
enjoys.
That he has been to many parts
of the world is known to everyone in our class.
p>
用动词做的主语和从句主语也可用
it
替代
,叫形式主语,真实主语在句中都后移,如:
It is
important to learn English.
It is known
to everyone in our class that he has been to many
parts of the world
1
p>
第二种句子成分
——谓语
常位于主语之后。
说明主语
“做什么(动作)
”
“是什么
东西”
“怎么样(特性)
”
。总是由动
词或动词短语充当。
谓语与主语在人称和数上必须保持一致!
I
saw
your
brother yesterday.
Please
look after
the twins.
David`s hobby
is
writting
.
You may
keep
the book for two weeks.
快来找找下列句子的谓语:
My
mom is weaving a sweater.
The little
boy is crying for his dog.
She looks so
amazing.
I am so happy for you.
You are not my cup of tea.
特
别友情提示:
用作
主语
的名词中心词和
谓语动词
在
单、
复数形式
上
一致
I like homework.
She likes the boy next classroom.
Ultraman beats little monters.
I am a cute boy.
She is
beautiful.
Her children are naughty
like monkeys.
第三种句子成分
——宾语
位于
及物动词
之后,
表示动作的对象,承受者或结果。
主要
由名词、代词或相当于名
词的单词,短语或从句充当。
He did his
English homework
.
(名词作宾语)
The
workers are building the
bridge
.
(名词作宾语)
I enjoy
sharing my work
experience
.
(动词<
/p>
ing
形式作宾语)
2
She is doing
her
homework
now.
(名词作宾语)
She said
she felt
sick.
(从句作宾语)
We often help
him
.
(代词作宾语)
He likes
playing basketball.
p>
(动名词
V-ing
作宾语
)
He
likes
to play basketball
.
(不定式作宾语)
能不能分辨出下面句子的宾语呢?
The boys were watching the world cup
match.
Can you feel the
power of love?
We enjoy
listening to the music.
She wanted a
barbie toy so much when she was young.
Zhang Yimou made a love movie.
第四种句子成分
< br>——表语
用以说明主语的
身份
、
特征
和
状态
,
说明主语
“
是什么
”
< br>或
“
怎
么样
”
。
I am
a teacher
.
She
is
beautiful
.
This song sounds
good
.
Leaves turned
green
.
找出下面句子的表语
This
flower is beautiful.
I felt very
tired.
You look worried.
It tastes
delicious.
I am fine .
He is a boy .
Five plus two is seven .
3
We are here .
He is not at
home .
My hobby is reading .
第一大类句子结构:
功能
:
不表示具体动作
,表示主语的
< br>特点
或者
性质特征
,所以也叫<
/p>
主语补足语
。
1.
主语
+
系动词
+
表语(
SVP
)
+
【状语】
be
动词
和
become<
/p>
是英语中常见的
系动词
,
后面必须接表语,
才能用来说明主语,
表示
“
…
是
…
”
,
“
…
变成
…
”
,
或者“是什么样”等意思。表语通常由名词、形容词、代词、数
词、介词短语及不定式
等充当。
I
am
a teacher.
He
become
a scientist.
My sister
is
out
now.
They
are
honest.
在英语中,除了
be
动词和
become
属于系动词外,还有一些行为动词,当它们
表示
状
态存在
或表示
< br>状态变化
时也可以作系动词。这类动词包括:
五
变
become / get /turn / go
/grow
五
感官
look
(眼)看起来
sound
(耳)听起来
taste
(口)尝起来
smell
(鼻)闻起来
feel
(手)摸起来
Children
grow
wiser as they grow.
The lijiang river
looks
especially beautiful
in the early morning.
Dinner
smells
good.
His
voice
sounded
strange on the
phone.
The cake
tastes
delicious.
第五种句子成分
——
状语
,可位于<
/p>
句首、句末或句中
,用来修饰动词、形容词、
副词或整个句子,表示动作,行为发生的
时间、地点、目的、原因、方式、程度
p>
等。由副
词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当。
p>
He speaks English
very well
.
(表程度)
He is playing
under the
tree
.
(表地点)
I come
to see you
.
(表目的)
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