incoterms--国际贸易术语中英文对照解释(全)

口或集装箱码头内的理货和运输费用，承运人和终点站

运营方也可能向收 到货物的买家收取这笔费用。在这种

情况下，买家会想要避免对同一服务重复付费：一次 付

给卖家作为销售价格中的一部分，一次单独地付给承运

人或者 终点站运营方。Incoterms?规则

2010

在相关国际

贸易术解释规则的

A6/B6

条款明确的分配此项费用，力

求避免重复付费。< /p>

Previous

versions

of

Incoterms

rules

have

specified

9.

连环合同

those

documents

that

could

be

replaced

by

EDI

messages.

与工业制成品的销售不同，在农矿产品的销售中，货物

Arti cles A1/B1 of the Incoterms? 2010 rules,

however,

经常在沿销售链运转过程中被频繁销售多次。这种情况

now

give

electronic

means

of

communication

the

same

下，在运输中的卖家不用再运输货物，因为货物已被 第

effect as paper communication, as long as the parties

一个卖家装船运输了。中途的卖方通过接收货物而非运

so

agree

or

where

customary.

This

formulation

输货物向买方履行义务。为明确起见，Incoterms? 规则

facilitates the evolution of new electronic procedures

2010

throughout the lifetime of the Incoterms? 20

10 rules.

运输商品义务的替换。

6. Insurance cover

The Incoterms? 2010 rules are the first version of the

Incoterms

rules

since

the

version

of

the

Institute

Cargo

Clauses and take account of alterations made to those

clauses. The Incoterms? 2010 rules place information

duties relating to insurance in articles A3/B3, which

deal with contracts of carriage and insurance. These

provisions have been moved from the more generic found

in article A10/B10 of the Incoterms 2000 rules.

The

language

in

articles

A2/B3

relating

to

insurance

has

also

been

altered

with

a

view

to

clarifying

the

parties’

obligations in this regard.

7.

Security- related

Clearances

and

information

required for such clearances

There is heightened concern nowadays about security in

the movement of goods, requiring verification that the

goods

do

not

pose

a

threat

to

life

or

property

for

reasons other than their inherent nature.

Therefore,

the

Incoterms?

2010

rules

have

allocated

obligations between the buyer and seller to obtain or

to

render

assistance

in

obtaining

security-related

clearances, such as chain-of-custody information, in

articles A2/B2 and A10/B10 of various Incoterms rules.

8. Terminal handling charges

Under

Incoterms rules CPT, CIP, CFR, CIF, DAT,

DAP, and

DDP,

the

seller

must

make

arrangements

for

the

carriage

of

the

goods

to

the

agreed

destination.

While

the

freight

is paid by the seller, it is actually paid for by the

buyer as freight costs are normally included by the

seller in the total selling price. The carriage costs

will

sometimes

include

the

costs

of

handling

and

moving

the goods within port or container terminal facilities

and the carrier or terminal operator may well charge

these

costs

to

the

buyer

who

receives

the

goods.

In

these

circumstances, the buyer will want to avoid paying for

the same service twice: once to the seller as part of

the total selling price and once independently to the

carrier or the terminal

operator. The Incoterms? 2010

rules

seek

to

avoid

this

happening

by

clearly

allocating

such costs in articles A6/B6 of the relevant Incoterms

rules.

9. String sales

In the sale of commodities, as opposed to the sale of

manufactured goods, cargo is frequently sold several

times

during

transit

“down

a

string”

when

this

happens,

a

seller

in

the

middle

of

the

string

don’t

have

to

ship

the

goods

because

these

have

already

been

shipped

by the first seller in the string. The seller in the

middle

of

the

string

therefore

performs

its

obligations

towards its buyer not by shipping the goods, but by

“procuring”

goods

that

have

been

shipped.

For

clarification purposes,

Incoterms? 2010 rules include

the

obligation

to

“procure

goods

shipped”

as

an

alternative

to

the

obligation

to

ship

goods

in

the

relevant Incoterms rules.

RULES FOR ANY MODE OR MODES OF

TRANSPORT

Variants of Incoterms rules

Sometimes

the

parties

want

to

alter

an

Incoterms

rules.

运输方式的规则

国际贸易术语解释通则的变体

贸易各方有时因各自需要意图修改某一国际贸易术语规

The

Incoterms

2010

rules

do

not

prohibit

such

则的适用。《国际贸易术语解释通则

2010

》并不禁止这

alteration,

but there are dangers

in so doing.

In order

种修改，

< br>但是这样做会带来一定的危险。

因此双方都应当

to

avoid

any

unwelcome

surprises,

the

parties

would

need

在合同中明确表明修改意欲达到的效果以避免不愉快的

to

make

the

intended

effect

of

such

alterations

分歧。

譬如 ，

假设合同改变了

Incoterms

规则中费用的分

extremely clear in their contract. Thus, for example,

配，

那么合同各方亦应当明确声明是否改变风险

（从卖方

if the allocation of costs in the Incoterms 2010 rules

到买方）转移的临界点。

is altered in the contract, the parties should also

clearly state whether they intend to vary the point at

which the risk passes from seller to buyer.

Status of this introduction

解释的概括提示，并不是这些的组成部分。

This introduction gives general information on the use

本导言的功能地位

本导言只是对《国际贸易术语解释通则

2010

》的用途和

and

interpretation

of

the

Incoterms

2010

rules,

but

does

not form part of those rules.

对《国际贸易术语解释通则

2010

》中术语的解释

正如《国际贸易术语解释通则

2010

》中所述，买方和卖

Explanation of terms used in the Incoterms 2010 rules

方的共同义务是以对应方式呈现的，

也就是说，

既能反映

As in the Incoterms rules, the seller’s and buyer’s

出

A

栏中的买方义务，又能反映出

B

栏中的卖方义务。

obligations

are

presented

in

mirror

fashion,

reflecting

这些义务可以由买方或者卖方亲自履行 ，

有时抑或受制于

under

column

A

the

seller’s

obligations

and

under

合同或者适用法 律中的个别条款的规定，由诸如承运人、

column

B

the

buyer’s

obligations.

These

obligations

can

转 运代理人等中介组织，

或者其他由买方或者卖方为了特

be carried out personally by the seller or the buyer or

定目的而委任的人来履行。

sometimes,

subject

to

terms

in

the

contract

or

the

applicable

law,

through

intermediaries

such

as

carriers,

freight

forwarders

or

other

persons

nominated

《国际贸易术语解释通则

2010

》 正文中条文解析明了。

但出于引导辅助

（使用者）

理解的考虑，

编者还是占用了

by the seller or the buyer for a specific purpose.

The text of the Incoterms 2010 rules is meant to be

self- explanatory.

However,

in

order

to

assist

users

the

following

text

sets

out

guidance

as

to

the

sense

in

which

selected terms are used throughout the document.

Carrier:

For the purposes of the Incoterms 2010 rules,

the

carrier

is

the

party

with

whom

carriage

is

contracted.

Customs Formalities:

These are requirements to be met

以下篇幅对从《规则》中选取的几个术语进行阐释。

承运人：

出于《国际贸易术语解释通则

2010

》的目的，

承运人是指与托运人订立合同，并承担运输 义务的一方。

报关单：

包括了单据、安全、信息或 者实体检验之义务。

交货：

在商法和商事活动中，

这个概念有多种涵义。

但是，

在《国际贸易术 语解释通则

2010

》中，交货用来表明在

in

order

to

comply

with

any

applicable

customs

货物由卖方向买方转移的过程中毁损风险在何处转移。

regulations

and

may

include

documentary,

security,

information or physical inspection obligations.

交货单：

此术语现在已成为

A8 < /p>

条款的标题。

交货单，

是

Delivery:

This concept has multiple meanings in trade

用于证明已完成交货的凭证。

< br>对于

《国际贸易术语解释通

law and practice, but in the Incoterms 2010 rules, it

则

2010

》中的许多规则，交货单是一种运输单据或相关

is used to indicate where the risk of loss of or damage

电子记录。

to the goods passes from the seller to the buyer.

但是对于

EXW

，

< br>FCA

，

FAS

和

FOB

，

交货单只是一种收据。

Delivery

document:

This

phrase

is

now

used

as

the

heading

当然，交货单还有其他功能，比如支付程序的一个环节。

to article A8. It means a document used to prove that

delivery has occurred. For many of the Incoterms 2010

rules,

the

delivery

document

is

a

transport

document

or

corresponding electronic record.

However,

with

EXW,

FCA,

FAS

and

FOB,

the

delivery

电子记录或者程序：

由一个或多个可 适用的电子讯号组成

的一组信息库，其功能上等同于相应的纸质文档。

< br>

document may simply be a receipt. A delivery document

包装：

此词因语境不同有不同含义：

may also have other functions, for example as part of

1.

符合销售合同要求的货物包装；

the mechanism for payment.

2.

符合运输要求的货物包装；

Electronic record or procedure:

A set of information

constituted

of

one

or

more

electronic

messages

and,

3.

集装箱或其他运输工具中已包装货物的理仓

where applicable, being functionally equivalent with

the corresponding paper document.

Packaging:

this word is used for different purposes:

在《国际贸易术语解释通则

2010

》中，“包装”一词有

以上中的

1

和

2

项的含义。

Incoterms2010

中并不涉

及集装箱内货物的理仓义务，当事人应在销售合同中予

以确定。

1.

The

packaging

of

the

goods

to

comply

with

any

requirements under the contract of sale.

2. The packaging of the goods so that they are fit for

transportation.

3.

The stowage of the

packaged

goods

within a container

or other means of transport.

In the Incoterms 2010 rules, packaging means both the

first

and

second

of

the

above.

The

Incoterms

2010

rules

do not deal with the parties’ obligations for

stowage

within a container and therefore, where relevant, the

parties should deal with this in the sale contract.

EXW (insert named place of delivery)

GUIDANCE NOTE

This rule may

be

used

irrespective

of the

mode of

transport

selected and

may also be used where more

than

one mode of transport is employed.

It is suitable for domestic trade, while FCA is usually more appropriate for international trade.

“Ex Works” means that the seller delivers when it places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the

seller’s premises or at another named place ., works, factory, warehouse, etc.). The seller does not

need to load the goods on any collecting vehicle, nor does it need to clear the goods for export, where

such clearance is applicable.

The

parties

are

well

advised

to

specify

as

clearly

as

possible

the

point

within

the

named

place

of

delivery,

as the costs and risks to that point are for the account of the seller. The buyer bears all costs and

risks involved in taking the goods from the agreed point, if any, at the named place of delivery.

EXW represents the minimum obligation for the seller. The rule should be used with care as:

a) The seller has no obligation to the buyer to load the goods, even though in practice the seller may

be in a better position to do so. If the seller does load the goods, it does so at the buyer’s risk

and expense. In cases where the seller is in a better position to load the goods, FCA, which obliges

the seller to do so at its own risk and expense, is usually more appropriate.

b) A buyer who buys from a seller on an EXW basis for export needs to be aware that the seller has an

obligation to provide only such assistance as the buyer may require to effect that export: the seller

is not bound to organize the export clearance. Buyers are therefore well advised not to use EXW if

they cannot directly or indirectly obtain export clearance.

c) The buyer has limited obligations to provide to the seller any information regarding the export of

the goods. However, the seller may need this information for, ., taxation or reporting purposes.

EXW

——工厂交货（……指定地点）

本条规则与（当事人）所选择的运输模式无关，即便（当事人）选择多种运输模式，亦可 适用该规则。本

规则较适用于国内交易，对于国际交易，则应选

FCA[1] “货交承运人（……指定地点）”规则为佳。

“工厂交货（

---

指定地点）”是指当卖方在其所在地或其他 指定的地点（如工场（强调生产制造场所）

、

工厂（制造场所） 或仓库等）将货物交给买方处置时，即完成交货。卖方不需将货物装上任何运输工具，在需

要办理出口清关手续时，卖方亦不必为货物办理出口清关手续。

双方都应该尽可能明确的指定货物交付地点，因为此时（交付前的）费用与风险由卖方承担。买方必须承

当在双方约定的地点或在指定地受领货物的全部费用和风险。

EXW

是卖方承担责任最小的术语。它应遵守以下使用规则：

a)

卖方没有义务为买方装载货物， 即使在实际中由卖方装载货物可能更方便。若由卖方装载货物，相关风险

和费用亦由买方 承担。如果卖方在装载货物中处于优势地位，则使用由卖方承担装载费用与风险的

FCA

术

语通常更合适。

b)

买方在与卖方使用

EXW

术语时应知晓，卖方仅在买方要求（更符合术语特质）办理出口手续时 负有协助的

义务：（但是），卖方并无义务主动（更强调最小义务，吸收进

2010

年本身的意义）办理出口清关手续。

因此如 果买方不能直接或间接地办理出口清关手续，建议买方不要使用

EXW

< br>术语。

c)

买方承担向卖方提供关于货物出口之信息的有限义务。

但是，

< br>卖方可能需要这些用作诸如纳税

（申报税款）

、