-
Nomenclature of Inorganic
Compounds
无机化合物的命名
（
Prefix
词头
,
前缀
Suffix
词尾
,<
/p>
后缀
Stem
词根）
l Names
俗名
H2O water
不说
dihydrogen oxide
NH3
ammonia
不说
nitrogen trihydride
CaO
quicklime
CaCO3 limestone
atic
Nomenclature
系统命名
1)Oxide
氧化物
——
先命名非氧
元素
ZnOzinc oxide
CaO calcium oxide
CO carbon
oxide
Na2O2 sodium peroxide
H2O2hydrogen peroxide
注：
peroxide
过氧化物
< br>2)Hydroxide
氢氧化物（
base
碱）
Ba(OH)2 barium
hydroxide
KOH potassium hydroxide
3)Acid
酸
Hydro
acid
氢酸
General
formula
通式
:HnX
命名：
hydro-
+
stem
of
X
+
-ic
acid
H2S
hydrosulfuric
acid(
英
)
hydrosulphuric(
美
)
氢硫酸
S:sulfur(
英
)
、
sulphur(
美
)
HBr
氢溴酸
hydrobromic
acidBr:
bromine
HCl
氢氯酸
(
盐酸
)hydrochloric
acidCl:
chlorine
HF
氢氟酸
hydrofluoric acidF:
fluorine
Oxoacid or
Oxyacid
含氧酸
General
formula
通式
:HnXOm
命名：
Stem of X + -ic acid
注：
oxo-
(oxy-)
含氧
,
氧代
H2SO4 sulfuric
acid(
英
) sulphuric
acid(
美
)
H2CO3
carbonic acid
H3PO4 phosphoric acid P:
phosphorus H3BO3 boric acid B: boron HNO3 nitric
acid N: nitrogen
If X has two oxidation
states
：
-ic
：
the higher
oxidation state
-ous
：
the lower
oxidation state
H2SO4 sulfuric acid
H2SO3 sulfurous acid
1/5
HNO3 nitric acid
HNO2
nitrous acid
If X (such as halogens)
has more than two oxidation
states
：
halogen
卤素
per- (
过，高
) +
-ic
：
the still higher
oxidation state
hypo- (
次
,
在
?
下
) + -ous
：
the still
lower oxidation state
HClO3 chloric
acid
HClO2 chlorous acid
HClO4 perchloric acid
HClO
hypochlorous acid
HIO hypoiodous acid
4)Salt
盐
General
formula
通式
:MnXm
命名：
Name of M stem of X + -id
e
（
-
ide?
化物）
Oxide
、
chloride
、
nitride
、
hydride
KI potassium
iodide
Al2S3 aluminum sulfide
LiH lithium hydride
Oxysalt
含氧酸盐
Name the metal ion first and then the
anion
Naming anions:
-ate
anions derived from the -ic acid(the higher
oxidation state of X)
-ite anions
derived from the -ous acid (the lower oxidation
state of X)
HNO3 nitric acid
NaNO3 sodium nitrate
HNO2
nitrous acid
NaNO2 sodium nitrite
SO42- sulfate
SO32- sulfite
AgClO4 silver perchlorate
NaIO3 sodium iodate
KClO2
potassium chlorite
KBrO potassium
hypobromite
MnO42- manganate
MnO4- permanganate
Acid salt
酸式盐
Using
“hydrogen” to specify “H”
NaHSO4 sodium hydrogen sulfate
NaH2PO4 sodium dihydrogen phosphate
Na2HPO4 disodium hydrogen phosphate P:
phosphorus phosphate
磷酸盐
(
根
) Using prefix bi- +
name of anion if only one acid salt
exists
NaHSO4 sodium bisulfate
NaHSO3 sodium bisulfite
KHCO3 potassium bicarbonate
5)Metals
（
M
）
with more than one oxidation state
2/5
Two methods:
①后缀法
:
早期使用
stem of M +
-ic the higher oxidation state of M
stem of M + -ous the lower oxidation
state of M
HgI2 mercuric iodide
Hg2I2 mercurous iodide Hg:mercury Cr2+
chromous
Cr3+ chromic Cr: chromium
注：
In most cases, Latin stem
is used if the metal has symbol derived from its
Latin name.(mercury is an exception)
Cu:cuprum
(
拉丁
),copper
(
英
)