-
s of Speech
5.1 Phonetic Figures
of Speech (
语音辞格
)
5.2 Semantic Figures of Speech
(
语义辞格
)
5.3
Logical Figures of Speech
(
逻辑辞格
)
5.4 Syntactic Figures of Speech
(
句法辞格
)
5.1 Phonetic Figures of
Speech
5.1.1 Alliteration
(
头韵
)
It has to do with the sound rather than
the sense of words for effect. It is a device that
repeats the
same sound at frequent
intervals(
间隔
) and since the
sound repeated is usually the initial consonant
sound, it is also called
furrow followed free.
5.1.2
Assonance
(
押韵
/
部分谐音
)
It
has
to
do
with
the
repetition
or
resemblance
of
vowel
sounds
in
the
stressed
syllables
of
a
sequence of words, preceded and
followed by different consonants. For instance:
The curfew tolls
the knell of parting
day, the lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea;the
plowman homework plods his
weary way,
and leaves the world to darkness and to me.
5.1.3 Consonance
(
尾韵
)
It
has
to
do
with
the
repetition
of
the
final
and
identical
consonants
whose
preceding
vowels
are
different. For instance: She tipped her
loyal big dog a big hug.
5.1.4
Onomatopoeia
(
拟声
)
It is a device that uses words which
imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or
inanimate), or
which are associated
with or suggestive(
提示的
) of
some action or movement. For instance: on the
roof of the school house some pigeons
were softly cooing.
5.1.5 Aposiopesis
(
说话中断法
)
It is a rhetorical device of suddenly
stopping in mid-sentence, as if to say more would
be superfluous.
An
example
would
be
the
threat
out,
or
else
—
!
This
device
often
portrays
its
users
as
overcome with passion (fear, anger,
excitement) or modesty.
5.1.6
Apostrophe
(
顿呼
)
In this figure of speech, a thing,
place, idea or person (dead or absent) is
addressed as if present,
listening and
understanding what is being said. For instance:
England! awake! awake! awake!
5.1.7
Pun
(
双关
)
It is a play on words, or rather a play
on the form and meaning of words. For instance: a
cannon-ball
took
off
his
legs,
so
he
laid
down
his
arms.
(Here
has
two
meanings:
a
person's
body;
weapons carried by a soldier.)
5.2 Semantic Figures of
Speech
5.2.1
Simile
(
明喻
)
It is a figure of speech which makes a
comparison between two unlike elements having at
least one
quality or characteristic
(
特性
)in common. To make the
comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and
like are used to transfer the quality
we associate with one to the other. For example:
As cold waters
to a thirsty soul, so is
good news from a far country.
5.2.2
Metaphor
(
隐喻
)
It is like a simile, also
makes a comparison between two unlike elements,
but unlike a simile, this
comparison is
implied rather than stated. For example: the world
is a stage.
5.2.3 Metonymy
(
转喻
)
It
is
a
figure
of
speech
that
has
to
do
with
the
substitution
of
the
mane
of
one
thing
for
that
of
another.
For instance: the pen (words) is mightier than the
sword (forces).
5.2.4 Synecdoche
(
提喻
)
It is involves the substitution of the
part for the whole, or the whole for the part. For
instance: they
say there's bread and
work for all. She was dressed in silks.
5.2.5 Antonomasia
(
换喻
)
It has also to do with substitution. It
is not often mentioned now, though it is still in
frequent use. For
example: Solomon for
a wise man; Daniel for a wise and fair judge;
Judas for a traitor.
5.2.6
Personification
(
拟人
)
It gives human form of feelings to
animals, or life and personal
attributes(
赋予
) to
inanimate(
无生命
的
)
objects, or to ideas and
abstractions(
抽象
). For
example: the wind whistled through the trees.
5.2.7 Parody
(
戏仿
)
It is a
kind of imitation
which borrows the style and techniques of a text
or writer’s idiolect and fits
new
subject matter to it. It is often used for a
humorous or satirical purpose. For example: to
smoke
or not to smoke, that is a
question
．
5.2.8
Synesthesia
(
通感
)
It
refers
to
the
mixing
of
sensations
or
the
stimulation
of
one
sense
that
produces
a
mental
impression associated with a different
sense. For example: Posner
lipstick
：
Music to your lips.
5.2.9 Transferred epithet
(
移就
)
It is a figure of speech where an
epithet (an adjective or descriptive phrase) is
transferred from the
noun
it
should
rightly
modify(
修饰
)
to
another
to
which
it
does
not
really
apply
or
belong.
For
instance: I spent sleepless nights on
my project.
5.3 Logical
Figures of Speech
*5.3.1
Allegory (
讽喻
)
Allegory is a story either in verse or
in prose with a double meaning: surface
meaning
—
a story, and
under-the-surface
meaning
—
a
hidden
truth.
In
allegories,
names
of
the
characters
and
places
are
often symbols of certain qualities. In
Banyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress, from the names of the
characters
“Christian”, “Mr.
Blind
-
man”, ‘Mr.
No
-
good”, the names of
places “Vanity Fair”, “Celestial City”, we
can easily understand the meaning
behind these names.
*5.3.2 Allusion
(
暗引
)
It
is
a
casual,
brief
and
implicit
reference
to
a famous historical
or
literary figure or
a
well-known
historical event. For instance: she sat
there all night as silent as the sphinx.
5.3.3 Hyperbole
(
夸张
)
It
is
the
deliberate
use
of
overstatement
or
exaggeration
to
achieve
emphasis.
For
instance:
he
almost died laughing.
5.3.4
Understatement (
含蓄陈述
)
It
is
the
opposite
of
hyperbole,
or
overstatement.
It
achieves
its
effect
of
emphasizing
a
fact
by
deliberately(
故意地
)
understating it, impressing the listener or the
reader more by what is merely
implied
or left unsaid than by bare statement. For
instance: It is no laughing matter.
5.3.5 Irony (
反语
)
It is a figure of speech
that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of
what is meant, the intended
meaning of
the words being the opposite of their usual sense.
For instance: we are lucky, what you
said makes me feel real good.
5.3.6 Innuendo
(
暗讽
)
It is a mild form of irony, hinting in
a rather roundabout (
曲折
)way
at something
disparaging(
不一致
)
or
uncomplimentary(
不赞美
)
to
the
person
or
subject
mentioned.
For
example:
the
weatherman
said it would be
worm. He must take his readings in a bathroom.
5.3.7 Euphemism
(
委婉
)
It is the substitution of an agreeable
or inoffensive(
无冒犯
)
expression for one that may offend or
suggest something unpleasant. For
instance: we refer to
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