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历年考研英语中常见的十五种“逻辑关系词(或称衔接词)”
Preface
:“逻辑关系词”对于一篇好的文章来说是非
常重要的!!!它就
像一座桥,连接段与段、句与句,起到一种微妙的“衔接上下文”作
用,即承
上启下、起承转合、过渡性作用。有效充分地利用逻辑关系词可以让你的文章<
/p>
“语义连贯、完整、顺畅”,不至于太突兀!下面就是我耗费心血、精心整理
而成的历年考研英语中常见的十五种逻辑关系词,掌握了这些有助于你做阅读
理解,有助于在阅读中更好、更快地把握文章的的写作思路和整体结构框架,
理清文章的
逻辑顺序与段与段之间的语义、逻辑关系,从而迅速找出正确答案。
有利于做排序题,更
有利于你的写作!!!(写作时尽量用那些字数多的短语,
这样可以增加作文字数)。需
要注意的一点是,有的逻辑关系词不只表示一种
逻辑关系,有些逻辑关系之间是贯通的,
例如
otherwise
表示转折、对比、结
果
3
种逻辑关系;让步之中含有转折的含义;对比之中含有转折、强调之意;
并列之中含有递进的含义,例如
as well
as
,
as well
,
also
,
too
既表示并
列
又表示递进;
总结之中含有强调的含义,
例如
substantially
,
generally
,
mainly
既表示总结又表示强调
;
递进之中有补充解释说明之意,例如<
/p>
namely
,
in
other
words
。
考研朋友们在做题中应当加以体会和领悟。期望本文能对考研的朋友
有所裨益。同时本
人热烈欢迎各位朋友踊跃对本文加以批评和相互交流,在此,
我对朋友们的帮助表示无尽
的感激之情!!!
第一,
表示因果(世界上最重要的一种关系就是因果关系)
1.
表示原因
because
(
of
)
=be
responsible
for
=
as
=
since
=for
=
therein
= root
=origin
(
al
)
=causality = due
∕
owing
∕
thanks
∕according to
=
be
attributed∕contributed
to
(原因是)
=
now
∕
in that =seeing
∕
considering
∕
given
(
that
)
= on
account of
=on this account = on ground of
∕
that
(强调主观理
由)
=
out
of
=
for
the
sake
of
= in
(
the
)
light
of
=
in
view
of
(
the fact
that
)
= by
∕
in virtue of = by reason
of = as
a result
∕
consequence of = in
consequence of =arise from =
put
sth down to
sth
(把……归因于……)
【注】
put down ①
把……归因于
+ to sth
② 把……看作∕视
为
put sth down as sth
③
使(当众)出丑,让某人丢人现
眼
④
写下,
记下
⑤
将……提请
(议会或委员会)
审议
to
put
down a
motion∕amendment
提交一项动议或修正案
⑥ 登记,
注册,列入名单
+
for sth
例句:
Put me down for three
tickets
for
Saturday
。
2.
表示结果
①
So = hence
=therefore =
therefor = thereby =
thereof =
thereout
=
therewithal
=
thereupon
=
thus
=
consequent(ly)=
result
(
ing
)
=effect
=consequence
=
in
consequence
=
as
a
result
∕
consequence
=
result
in
=
accordingly
=
give
rise
to =
lead to = arouse = agitate =awaken = fire up =
provoke =
spark
=
spur
=
stimulate
=
stir
(
激起,
引起,
引发,
激发)
=
trigger
= activate
= prompt = set in motion = set off =
contribute
∕
attribute to
=
bring
about
∕on
=present
=it
follows ∕
turns
out that
…
②
Or else =
otherwise
否则,要不然
【注】
or else
与
otherwise
既表示转折
,又表示对比,还表示结
果。
第二,
表示对比
1.
表示“相似性的”对比
①
Likewise = like
=similar
(
ly
)
= akin = parallel
(
with
…)
= analogous
∕
analogy = comparable = by
∕
in
comparison
(
with
…)
与……相似的
②
Identical =
same
完全相同的
= much as = as
much
同……
一样
be consistent
with =
consistently =
be in
agreement with =
coincide
with
…
= accord
∕agree with = match(意见、
利益等)
与……一致的,相符的
2.
p>
表示“差异性的”对比(这些词也
be
可以
表示转折、强调)
Unlike
= by
∕
in contrast = in turn
=
in contrast to
∕
with
=
conversely =
alternatively = on the
contrary = contrary to
= contrarily =
on the other hand = otherwise = while = whereas
=
(
run
)
counter to
与……相反的,但是,然而
3.
暂时无法确定是“差异性”还是“相似性”的
①
比较级、最高级
most
important
=
dominant(ly)=
largely
②
Of
…
and
…
第三,
表示递进
①
besides
=therewith = as well as = as well =
and
=
also =
too =
in addition
(
to
)
= moreover = furthermore =
apart
∕
aside from
除……之外还,此外,而且,加之(用于“包括的”特殊人或
事物前)
②
that is
(
to say
)
= namely
也就是说(有补充解释说明的作
用)
③
to
put it another way = put another way = in other
words
换
句话说(有补充解释说明的作用)
④
simply put
∕
stated
∕
spoken
简言之
⑤
or rather
或者更确切地说
【注】
注意
besides
与
except
的区别。例如:①
All of us passed
besides John
。(约翰也及格了);②
All of us passed
except John
。
(约翰没有及格)
except
用于“不包括”的特殊人或事物前
第四,
表示补充(解释、说明)
①
But = except
(
for
)
= apart
∕
aside from = other than
除……之外(都),常用于否定句中,用于“不包括”的特殊人
或事物前。
例如:①
No one saw
it but me
。
②
There is nobody
here other than me
。
②
that is
(
to say
)
= namely
也就是说(有补充解释说
明的作用)
③
to put it
another way = put another way = in other words
换句话说(有补充解释说明的作用)
④
冒号、破折号
第五,
表示让步
①
Despite = in spite of =
notwithstanding = regardless
∕
irrespective
of
=
out
of
account
(不予考虑)
=
in
disregard
of
=
for
all
(
that
)
=
although
=
though
=
as
=
while
=
even
(
if
)
=
much as
(用于句首)虽然
= granting
∕
granted that
不管,不顾,尽管(有),虽然,即使
②
after all
毕竟
③
certainly = of course = indeed = it is
true that
…
的确
④
undoubtedly =
there is no doubt that
…
毫无疑问的
是……
⑤
admittedly
=
we
have
to
admit
that
…
应该承认的是……
⑥
it may be true
that
…
或许真实的是……
⑦
there
is
no
denying
that
…
不可否认的是……
⑧
to be sure =
although
(
常与
but
连用)可以肯定的是…
⑨
at least
至少
第六,
表示转折
①
Instead
(
of
)
= rather than
(是……)而不是
②
But
= yet = although = though = while = whereas = when
= only
=
(
but
)
rather
=
instead
=
still
=
nevertheless
=
nonetheless
= much
as
(用于句首)
尽管如此,然而,虽然,但是
③
Otherwise = or
else
否则,要不然
④
In effect
∕
fact ∕reality =
indeed = virtually
实际上,
事实上,的确
【注】
although
,
though
,
while
,
whereas
,
to
be
sure
,
in
effect
∕
fact
,
indeed
既表示让步,又表示转折。
第七,
表示条件
①
if = providing
∕
provided
∕
suppose
∕
supposing that
如果,假如
②
in case of = in
the event of
万一……
③
failing
如果不能,如果没有
④
but for
∕
that
要不是,
若非(主句用虚拟语气)
⑤
unless
除非
⑥
as long as =
only if
只要
⑦
on condition
that
…
条件是……
⑧
if only
但愿,要是……就好了(常与虚拟语气连用)
⑨
only if
必须在……的条件下(引导条件状语从句)
第八,
表示目的
①
For fear of =
lest
以免,以防
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