红色英勇勋章

《

红色英勇勋章

》

是美 国作家

史蒂芬·克莱恩

(1871

–< /p>

1900)

的一部战争小说。

故

事情节发生在美国内战时期，

一名叫亨利·弗莱明的联盟士兵逃离了战场 。

后来

他战胜了怯懦，

渴望负伤——即 获得红色英勇勋章——来洗刷自己的耻辱。

当他

的团再次面对敌 人时，他成为了旗手

The

Red

Badge

of

Courage

is

a

war

novel

by American author

Stephen Crane

(1871

–

1900). Taking place during the

American

Civil

War

,

the

story

is

about

a

young

private

of

the

Union

Army

,

Henry Fleming, who flees from the field of battle. Overcome with shame,

he

longs

for

a

wound,

a

badge

of

courage,

to

counteract

his

cowardice.

When

his

regiment

once

again

faces

the

enemy,

Henry

acts

as

standard- bearer

.

小说因其风格独特而著名，

< br>并包括了战斗现实结构、

对颜色意境的反复使用和讽

刺的 语调。

与传统战争叙述不同，

克莱恩的故事反映了主人翁的内心 旅程——一

个逃离战场的士兵——而不是他身处的外部战场。

同 样值得注意的是被克莱恩称

之为“对恐惧的心理描述”，

[1]

小说的

托寓

与象征手法的质量常被评论 家争执不

休。故事的许多主题与成熟、英雄主义、懦弱、自然的冷漠有关。

The

novel

is

known

for

its

distinctive

style,

which

includes

realistic

battle

sequences as well as the

repeated

use of

color imagery, and

ironic tone.

Separating

itself

from

a

traditional

war

narrative,

Crane's

story

reflects

the

inner

experience

of

its

protagonist

(a

soldier

fleeing

from

combat) rather than the external world around him. Also notable for its

use

of

what

Crane

called

a

portrayal

of

fear

[1]

the

novel's

allegorical

and

symbolic

qualities

are

often

debated

by

critics.

Several

of

the

themes

that

the

story

explores

are

maturation,

heroism,

cowardice,

and the indifference of nature

< br>故事梗概

[

编辑

]

304

步兵团驻扎在河边 ，等候战斗命令。

18

岁的列兵亨

利· 弗莱明回忆起他参军时浪漫的冲动，

以及他母亲的反对。

他不禁 开始怀疑自

己，到底是要与敌人面对面交火，还是一走了之。战友吉姆·康克林安慰他， 并

承认如果所有人逃跑，

他自己也会跟着跑。

< br>在步兵团的第一次交火中，

南部邦联

军首先冲锋，但是被 打了回去。敌人很快整合，再次进攻，并迫使一些措不及防

的联邦士兵自乱阵脚，临阵脱 逃。亨利担心会输掉战斗，便选择了走为上。直到

他逃到了部队后面时才听见将军宣布联 邦军获胜的消息。

他绝望地称自己与众不同，

承认自己不可能成为英雄，

只是的儒弱的潜鸟。

那些荣 耀的画面不过些可

怜的事情。他发自内心地抱怨着，一步一步挪离这个地方。

—

《红色英勇勋章》

，第

11

章

[ 18]

亨利感到十分羞愧，

逃到了旁 边的森林里。

在一片小空地里，

他发现了一具腐烂

中的死尸。亨利受到惊吓，逃离小空地，却撞入了一群撤离战场的伤员中。他们

中有一名“衣衫褴褛的士兵”，

后者询问亨利伤在哪里。

亨利 对此只能回避。

吉

姆·康克林也在其中，由于侧身中弹，失血过 多，吉姆变得

神智不清

。吉姆极力

反抗 朋友的帮助，并最终因伤势过重去世。倍感愤怒无助的亨利冲出了伤兵群，

却又撞进了另 一个撤离部队。

慌乱中，

一个士兵用枪托猛击亨利的头部，

将其击

伤。负伤的亨利现在十分疲倦、饥渴、他决定硬着头皮回到自 己的部队里去。当

他到达营地时，

其他士兵误认为他头上的伤是 战场枪弹所造成的。

士兵照顾亨利，

包扎了他的伤口。

第二天清晨，

亨利第三次加入战斗。

步兵团遇到了一小股邦联军，

而亨利英勇作

战，

证明了自己是个合格的士兵。

然而亨利自我安慰，

告诉自己之前的儒弱没有

被人发现，“他的过错犯在暗中，所以他依然是个好 汉。”

[19]

在此之后，亨利与

朋友 一道寻找溪水，

却意外地从司令官那里得知他所在的步兵团名声狼藉。

< br>司令

官不经意地提出将

304

团 牺牲掉，因为他们不过是“赶驴的”、“翻土的”。由

于没有其它部队可用，将军对此表 示许可。

在小说最后的战斗中，

< /p>

护旗士官中弹，亨利意外地成为了旗手。有一线邦联军

躲在了围栏 背后，

围栏被树林遮掩，

不在步兵团的射程范围之内。

如果他们留下，

就不得不面对难堪的攻击；如果他们撤走，就会颜面尽失 。司令官下令冲锋。亨

利在无武装的情况下领导部队进攻，

自己 却奇迹般地毫发无损。

绝大多数邦联士

兵在步兵团到来之前逃逸 ，另有四名被

俘虏

。小说的结尾如下

:

下雨了。士兵们疲惫不堪，形成了一个破败的列队，沮丧着、埋怨着。

< br>队伍在低沉恶劣的天色下，行进如搅拌槽液里棕色的泥浆。尽管许多

人发现世界不 过是誓言和手杖的组合而已，但年轻人笑了，因为他看

到这是他的世界。他成功地摆脱战 争的红热病，闷热的噩梦已经是过

去。在燥热而痛苦的战争中，他是一个泡了水、出了汗 的动物。现在，

他转身回头，却如情人一般看着宁静的天空，新鲜的草原，凉爽的小

溪——一个温柔而永恒的平静。

[20]

一缕金色阳光劈开铅色的乌云，

射到了河的另一边。

summary[

edit

]

On a cold day the fictional

304th

New York

Regiment

awaits battle beside

a

river.

Eighteen-year-old

Private

Henry

Fleming,

remembering

his

romantic

reasons

for

enlisting

as

well

as

his

mother's

resulting

protests,

wonders

whether

he

will

remain

brave

in

the

face

of

fear,

or

turn

and

run.

He is comforted by one of his friends from home, Jim Conklin, who admits

that he would run from battle if his fellow soldiers also fled. During

the

regiment's

first

battle,

Confederate

soldiers

charge,

but

are

repelled.

The

enemy

quickly

regroups

and

attacks

again,

this

time

forcing

some of the unprepared Union soldiers to flee. Fearing the battle is a

lost cause, Henry

deserts

his

regiment. It

is

not until after

he reaches

the rear of the army that he overhears a general announcing the Union's

victory.

In

despair,

he

declared

that

he

was

not

like

those

others.

He

now

conceded

it

to

be

impossible

that

he

should

ever

become

a

hero.

He

was

a

craven

loon.

Those

pictures

of

glory

were

piteous

things. He groaned from his heart and went staggering off.

The Red Badge of Courage

, Chapter eleven

[18

]

Ashamed,

Henry

escapes

into

a

nearby

forest,

where

he

discovers

a

decaying

body in a peaceful clearing. In his distress, he hurriedly leaves the

clearing

and

stumbles

upon

a

group

of

injured

men

returning

from

battle.

One member of the group, a

wounded,

but

the

youth

dodges

the

question.

Among

the

group

is

Jim

Conklin,

who has been shot

in the

side and is

suffering delirium

from blood-loss.

Jim

eventually

dies

of

his

injury,

defiantly

resisting

aid

from

his

friend,

and

an

enraged

and

helpless

Henry

runs

from

the

wounded

soldiers.

He

next

joins a retreating column that is in disarray. In the ensuing panic, a

man

hits

Henry

on

the

head

with

his

rifle,

wounding

him.

Exhausted,

hungry,

thirsty,

and

now

wounded,

Henry

decides

to

return

to

his

regiment

regardless of his shame. When he arrives at camp, the other soldiers

believe

his

injury

resulted

from

a

grazing

bullet

during

battle.

The

other

men care for the youth, dressing his wound.

The next morning Henry

goes into battle

for the third

time. His regiment

encounters

a

small

group

of

Confederates, and

in

the

ensuing

fight

Henry

proves

to

be

a

capable

soldier,

comforted

by

the

belief

that

his

previous

cowardice had not been

noticed, as he

mistakes in the

[19]

dark,

so

he

was

still

a

man

Afterward,

while

looking

for

a

stream

from

which to obtain water with a friend, he discovers from the commanding

officer

that

his

regiment

has

a

lackluster

reputation.

The

officer

speaks

casually about sacrificing the 304th because they are nothing more than

general orders his men forward.

In

the

final

battle,

Henry

acts

as

the

flag-bearer

after

the

color

sergeant

falls. A line of Confederates hidden behind a fence beyond a clearing

shoots with impunity at Henry's regiment, which is ill-covered in the

tree-line.

Facing

withering

fire

if

they

stay

and

disgrace

if

they

retreat,

the

officers

order

a charge.

Unarmed,

Henry

leads

the

men

while

entirely

escaping

injury.

Most

of

the

Confederates

run

before

the

regiment

arrives,

and four of the remaining men are taken

prisoner

. The novel closes with

the following passage:

It

rained.

The

procession

of

weary

soldiers

became

a

bedraggled

train,

despondent

and

muttering,

marching

with

churning

effort

in a trough of liquid brown mud under a low, wretched sky. Yet

the

youth

smiled,

for

he

saw

that

the

world

was

a

world

for

him,

though

many

discovered

it

to

be

made

of

oaths

and

walking

sticks.

He had rid himself of the red sickness of battle. The sultry

nightmare was in the past. He had been an animal blistered and

sweating

in

the

heat

and

pain

of

war.

He

turned

now

with

a

lover's

thirst

to

images

of

tranquil

skies,

fresh

meadows,

cool

brooks,

an existence of soft and eternal peace.

< /p>

风格与体裁

[

编辑

]

河的两岸呈琥珀色，在部队的脚边潺潺流过；到了晚上，河水穿上了忧伤的黑色。 抬头望过，在远处

低矮的山腰下，敌我阵营交火所发出的眼状红光依稀可见。

—

《红色英勇勋章》

，第一章

[33]

< br>《红色英勇勋章》风格独特，常被视为

自然主义

、

现实主义

、

印象主义

或是三者

[34]

的混合。

小说局限于

第三人称

视角，

反应了年轻战士亨利· 弗莱明从战场逃走

后的内心经历，而不是外部世界的物理战争。

《红色英勇勋章》的特色在于鲜活

的描述与富有节律的散文体，

这些都帮助作者制造故事的悬念。

[35]

评论家特别指

出小说中反复出现的字面或寓意色彩，

这证明了小说使用了印象主义的 元素。

小

说提到了蓝色与灰色制服，

黄 色与橙色阳光，

绿色的树林，

士兵的脸因愤怒或义

勇变红，

因死亡而变灰。

[7]

克莱恩使用动物形象来评说人、

自然、

或是战争自己。

例如，

小说开始时，

部队被描绘成一个有生 实体，

“在山坡上伸展，

休息着。

”< /p>

[36]

小说的背景设在一系列战场上 ，

《红色英勇勋章》却没有使用众南北战争小说的

传统描述手法 。小说着重于主角的内心斗争，而不是战争本身。

[9]

克莱恩 的小说

常常让读者混淆，分不清小说到底是不是反战的。

[37 ]

为了回避州与州之间政治、

军事、地理的细节冲突，小说的叙 述脱离了历史框架。

[38]

值得注意的是，小说没