-
only
的用法详解含配套练习
only
是一个在英语中出现频率很
高的词，它的意思繁多，用法复杂，不少学生常误用。
一、
only
用作形容词
< br>
1.
与
the
连用，意为
“
惟一的
”
，作定语
。如：
John is the only boy in his
family.
约翰是家里惟一的男孩。
John is the only person who can read my
mind.
约翰是惟一真正看透我心事的人。
She is the only girl here who knows how
to drive a car.
她是这儿惟一会开车的姑娘。
Jeremy is the only friend who lives
near, all my other friends live far away.
杰里米是我惟一住得近的朋友，其余的朋友都住得很远。
2. only
可修饰复数名词，意
为
“
仅有的、惟一的一些
”
，作定语。
如：
They were the only people
present.
出席的只有他们这些人。
【真题】
There was never any time
for Kate to feel lonely, ____ she was an only
child. (2005
辽宁
)
A. ever since
B. now that
C. even though
D.
even as
【解析】
Only child
的意思
是独生子
/
女，了解了这一点，可以推断出主从句之间为让步关
系，选
择
C
项。全句的意思是：尽管凯
特是独生女
,
但她在任何时候都从未感到过孤独。
补充：
an only child
独生子女
My mother was an only
child.
我母亲是独生女。
Only children are sometimes spoilt.
独生子女有时被宠坏了。
one
and only (
用以加强语气
)
意为“
惟一的
；
唯一的；仅有的
”
It is
my one and only
hope.
这是我惟一的希望。
You have always been my one and only
true love.
你一向是我唯一的真正的爱人。
Here he is---the one and only Frank
Sinatra!
这就是他
--
独一
无二的弗兰克
.
西纳特拉！
3.
与
a
n
连用，意为
“
单独的
”
，作定语。
如：
Jim was an only son of his
parents.
吉姆是他父母的独子。
4.
与
t
he
连用，意为
“
最好的、最适当的<
/p>
”
，作定语。
如：
She is the only person for the
job.
她是做这项工作的最佳人选。
He is the only man for
me.
对于我来说，他是最合适的人。
The only thing to do on a hot day is to
go swimming.
在热天最理想的事就是去游泳。
二、
only
用作副词
1.
常位于所修饰的动
词、短语或从句前，意为
“
只是、仅仅、才
”
。
如：
At present we can only wait and
see.
目前我们只好等一等看。
I
only touched it.
我只不过摸了它一下。
I only regret that I have but one life
to lose for my country.
我惟一遗憾的是：我仅有一次生命可以贡献给我的祖国。
He only walks to save money;he doesn’t
really l
ike walking.
他只是为了省钱而步行，并不是真正喜欢步行。
Father gave me this computer only for
my birthday.
只是因为我过生日，父亲才送给我这台电脑。
My sister is in bed only because
she is
ill.
我姐姐在床上躺着，仅仅是因为她病了。
英语
此时
，
only
若放在句首修饰作状语的形容词、副词、介词短语或
状语从句等，主句要采用部分倒装，
如：
【例句】
Only when she was at an
impasse (n.
绝境
) did she feel
great pleasure in doing so.
只有当她陷入绝境时，她才乐意这么做。
Only at home does my uncle say I am
able.
只有在家，我叔叔说我很能干。
需要注意的是，
< br>如果置于句首的
“only +
状语
< br>”
结构是强调句
——
It is
(was)...that...
中被强调的对
象，则主句不倒
装。
【例题】
It was only when he was
in trouble _____ the value of our help.
A.
that did he realize
B. did he realize
C.
did that he realize
D. that he realized
【解析
】此例句是含有
“only+
状语从句
”
的强调句型
,
强调的正是时间状语
从句，句子用正常语序，
正确答案是
D
项。
2.
意为
“
反而
”
。
如：
Failure only strengthened our determina
tion.
失败反而使我们的决心更坚定了。
3. only
和不定式连用常构成
结果状语，表示与预料相反的结果、出乎意料或令人失望的结果，意思是
“
竟然
……
、结果
……”
“不料；结果却…
.
”。
如：
【例句】
He hurried home only to
find the guests had left.
他匆匆忙忙赶回家
,
结果发现客人们已经走了。
【例题】
He got to the airport
_____ to find that the plane had left two minutes
before.
A. just
B. only
C. in order
D. almost
【解析】
Only +
不定式结构表
示令人失望的结果。题干句意为：他到达机场，结果发现飞机在两
分钟之前飞走了。正确
答案为
B
项。
【真题】
It took her nearly half
a year to find his address, only learning that he
had passed away
ten years
before.(1994
上海，改错题
)
【解析
】这里需要注意的是
only
与
-in
g
形式连用也可用于表示结果，意为
“
结果只是
……”
，
only
起强调作用，如：
He died only leaving
debts. (
他死后只留下一身债。
)
< br>但是
only
与不定式结构连用作
结果状语，
表示意想不到或令人失望的结果。
可以看出，
句中的结果是令人失望的。
因此，
“onl
y learning”
应改为
“only to
learn”
。
由
Onl
y
构成的习惯搭配
⒈
Not only...but also...
作为连词，连接两个并列成分。当连接
两个并列句时，
not only
所在的
句子要采用部分倒装，
but
also
后面的句子用正常语序，可以巧记为：前倒后不倒。
【真题】
_____ snacks and drinks,
but they also brought cards for entertainment when
they had a
picnic in the
forest.(2004
上海
)
A. Not only
they bought
B.
Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they
D. Not only
they did bring
【解析】综上所述，
not
only
后面的分句部分倒装。因此
,
正确答案是
B
项。
注意：
Not only... but also...
与主谓一致关系
——
Not
only...but also...
作为连词，还可以连接并列
的主语、谓语、宾语等，连接主语部分或者谓语部分时，要注意保持主谓一致。
No
t
only...but
also...
< br>连接主语时，如同
or
、
eit
her...or...
和
neither...nor...
，谓语动词的数服从就近原则
——
最靠
近谓语动词
的主语部分决定谓语动词的单复数。
【真题】
Not only I but also Jane
and Mary ____tired of having one examination after
another.
(1989
全国
)
A.
is
B. are
C. am
D. be
【解析】
句中
not only...but also...
连接并列主语
I
和
Ja
ne and Mary
，根据就近原则，因为
Jane
英语
and Mary
为复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。因此，正
确答案是
B
项。
【真题】
Playing football not
only makes us grow up tall and strong but also
give us a sense of fair
play and team
spirit. (1998
全国，改错题
)
【解析】句中的主语是
“playing
football”
，
“make”
和
“give”
是由
not
only...but
also...
连接的并列谓
语动词，根据主谓一致原则，都用单数形式。因此，
“give”
应改为
“gives”
。
not only…but also…
意为
< br>“
不但
……
而且
……
”
。如：
Lu Xun was not only a great writer, but
also a great thinker.
鲁迅不但是个伟大的文学家，而且是个伟大的思想家。
注：使用
not only…but
also
的几个要点：
（
1
）连接主语时，谓语动词要与邻近的主语保持一致。如：
Not only he but also I have been
to the Great
Wall.
不但是他而且我也到过长城。
（
2
）连接
谓语时，
not
前不可有助动词。如：
I not only heard it, but also saw
it.
我不但听见，而且亲眼看见了。
He not only said it, but also did
it.
他不但说了，而且也做了。
（
3
）连接除主语外的其他成分时，如
果位于句首，
not
only
后的主谓需要倒装，但
but
also
后的主谓
不能倒装。如：
Not only has he been to Canada, but
also he knows some Canadians.
他不但去过加拿大，而且认识一些加拿大人。
补充
：
新概念英语
一课一练
2
P171
Lesson 79 By Air
乘飞机
三、单项选择
the war, ____but also he
lost his wife and his child.
was his
job in the lab taken away
B. not only was his job in
the lab taken away
merely his job in
the lab was taken away
D. not just was taken away his job in
the lab
10.B
类似的题型：
9.
Not
until
I shouted at the top of my
voice_____his head.
he turned
he turn
didn
’
t turn
had turned
9.B
5.
Not until
he
had been told everything ____how wrong he was.
he realize
realized
had realized
he realized
答案：
A
Not until
he left his home
_____ to know how important the family was for
him.
A. did he begin B. had he
began C. he began D. he had begun
答案：
A
Not
until
he had left his friend _______
how important friendship was for him.
A
．
did he realize
B
．
he realized
C
．
had he realized
D
．
he had realized
答案：
A
试题分析：
1.
当
Not until
位于句首时
,
句子要倒装
。其结构为
:Not until+
从句
/
表时间的词
+
助动词
+(
主
句
)
主语
+
谓语
+...
。
故排除
BD
，
realize
发生在
had left <
/p>
之后，
故用一般过去时。
2.
Not until next week
will the
sports meet be
held.
直到下周才开运动会。
英语
点评：当
Not until
位于句首
时
,
句子要倒装。
即学即练：
It ______
we had stayed together for a couple of weeks
______ I found we had a lot in
common.
A. was until; when
B. was until; that
C.
wasn’t until; when
D. wasn’t until;
t
hat
选
D
is not until China makes the
transition to a new growth model that re-balancing
will begin.
只有在中国开始朝着新增长模式转变以后，再平衡才会启动。
is not until recently that doctors
find out the causes of lung cancer.
直到最近医生们才弄清楚肺癌的起因。
is not until the 1940s that such
machine can be built.
直到
20<
/p>
世纪
40
年代这种机器才能制造。
is not until then that Mr Li
realizes the importance of health.
直到那时，李先生才意识到了健康的重要性。
is not until recently that doctors
find out the causes of lung cancer.
直到最近医生们才弄清楚肺癌的起因。
is
not
until
recently
that
the
history
is
much
more
detailed
as
commercial
ventures
have
documented their
efforts when they sought patents and trademarks. <
/p>
直到最近他们获得了专利和商标权，作为一项商业投资项目水翼船的历史和完善过程才得以
详述。
is not until 1980s that
a great breakthrough was made in the academic
field of metaphor.
直到
20
世纪
80
年代，学术界在该领域的研究才开始取得
重大突破。
is not until recently
that adipose tissue engineering has aroused great
interest in restoring soft
tissue defec
ts.
最近，刚刚注意到用组织工程技术来修复软组织缺损。
emergence
of
modern
football
played
by
women
first
took
place
in
some
European
and
American countries in
the 1960s and it is not until 1980s that it began
to be a popular sport.
20
世纪<
/p>
60
年代在欧美国家逐渐兴起的现代女子足球运动，到
20
世纪
80
年代初才逐
渐形成规模。
is not until he
approves that we will start our project.
直到他同意我们，才会开始我们的项目。
考点名称：部分倒装
部分倒装的概念：
倒装英语句子的主语通常位于谓语动词之前，这种语序被称
为正常语序。但有时出
于修辞或某种特殊的语法结构的需要，需要将谓语动词放在主语之
前，这种语序则叫倒装语序。主语
和助动词倒置叫部分倒装。
部分倒装：
1
、含有否定意义的副词位于句首时的倒装：
在正式文体中，
never, seldom,
rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no
longer, nowhere
等
含有否定意义的副词若位于
句首，则其后要用部分倒装：
如：
I shall never forgive
him./ Never shall I forgive him.
我永远不会宽恕他。
英语
He seldom goes out for dinner./Seldom
does he go out for dinner.
他很少出去吃饭。
She hardly has time to listen to
music./Hardly does she have time to listen to
music.
他几乎没时间听音乐。
He little realize show important this meeting
is./Little does he realize how important this
meeting is.
他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。
We had no sooner
reached the airport than the plane took off./No
sooner had we reached the
airport than
the plane took off.
我们刚到机场
,<
/p>
飞机就起飞了。
（
详见
< br>
词类
知识讲解
hardly when
和
no sooner
than
等的用法
）
注
：
(1)
对于
not…until
句型，当
not
until…
位于句首时，其后的主句要用倒装语序：
如：
He didn't
leave the room until the rain stopped./Not until
the rain stopped did he leave the room.
雨停了之后他才离开这房间。
(2)
某些起副词作用的介词短语，由于含有否定词，若位于句
首，其后要用部分倒装
：
如：
On no accounts must this
switch be touched.
这个开关是绝不能触摸的。
In[Under] no circumstances will I lend
money to him.
无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。
但是，
in
no time(
立即
，马上
)
位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序
：
如：
In no time
he worked out the problem.
他马上就算出了那道题。
2
、
“only+
状语
”
位于句首时的倒装：
当一个状语受
副词
only
的修饰且置于句首时，其后用部分倒装语序：
如：
Only then did
he realize that he was wrong.
到那时他才意识到他错了。
Only in this way are you able to do it
well.
你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。
Only when he
returned home did he realize what had happened.
当他回到家里时
,
< br>才知道出了什么事。
3
、
“so+
形容词或副词
”
< br>位于句首时的倒装：
副词
so
后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后用部分倒装：
英语
如：
So cold was the weather
that we had to stay at home.
天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。
So fast does light travel that we can
hardly imagine its speed.
光速很快，我们几乎没法像它的速度。
So sudden was the
attack that we had no time to escape.
袭击来得非常突然，
我们来不及逃跑。
4
、
“So+
助动词
+
主语
”
倒装：
当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后
者，通常就要用
“So+
助动词
+
主语
”
这种倒装结
构：
如：
You are
young and so am I.
你年轻，我也年轻。
She likes music and
so do I.
她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。
If he can do it, so
can I.
要是他能做此事，我也能。
< br>注
：
(1)
若前面提出某一否定
的情况，
要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，
则应将其中的
so
改为
neither
< br>或
nor
：
如：
You aren't young and
neither am I.
你不年轻，我也不年轻。
She hasn't read it
and nor have I.
她没有读它，我也没有读。
(2)
注意该结构与
表示强调或同意的
“so+
主语
+
特殊动词
”
结构的区别：
< br>
如：
昨天很冷。
”“
的确很冷。
”
爸爸，你答应过的。
”“
嗯，是答应过。
< br>”
5
、由
not only…but
also
引出的倒装：
当
not only…but
also
位于句首引出句子时，
not
only
后的句子通常用部分倒装形式：
如：
Not only is he
a teacher, but he is also a poet.
他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。
Not only did he
speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily.
不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。
< br>6
、虚拟条件句省略
if
后构成
的倒装：
英语
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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