合作共赢一带一路英语作文_0

心 脏”上。

2000

年前，这种重要性部分来自于今天的伊朗、伊 拉克、阿富汗和

中亚诸国出产的天然财富——白银、

黄金和青金 石。

当年的撒马尔罕

(Samarkand)

< br>，

摩苏尔

(Mosul)

和梅尔 夫

(Merv)

等伟大城市拥有大量富裕的精英，这提供了巨大

的商机。

Just

as

important

were

the

connections

that

linked

the

cities,

towns

and oases. Control of these arteries allowed empires to be built

—

and

were

crucial

in

their

fall.

Known

since

the

late

19th

century

as

the

silk

roads, these networks carried goods, merchants and evangelists who

brought

ideas

about

faith

and

salvation,

enabling

the

spread

of

Buddhism

and Hinduism, Judaism, Islam and Christianity

—

the latter taking root

quicker and more successfully in Asia than it did in the Mediterranean.

城市、城镇和绿洲之间的连接也同样重要。帝国依靠对这些交 通要道的控

制而建立，而这些交通要道也在帝国的覆灭中扮演了关键角色。在

世纪末期

后被称为丝绸之路的交通网络运载了 商品、

商人以及带来信仰和救赎思想的传教

士，让佛教、印度教 、犹太教、伊斯兰教和基督教得以传播开来——其中基督教

在亚洲的扎根比在地中海地区 更快、更成功。

Trade, though, was the oil in the engine of vibrant exchange over

many centuries. Those who were able to build credit networks did

particularly well. Minority groups bound over long distances by family

connections, religious practices and mon identities developed systems

to lend, borrow and

pay for

goods

that were sometimes thousands

of miles

away.

然而，多个世纪以来，贸易就好 比动力十足的交流引擎中的润滑油。那些

能够建立信贷网络的人表现尤为出色。

通过家庭关系、

宗教习俗和共同身份而超

越地理 隔阂维系在一起的少数群体，

建立了放贷、

借贷和为有时远在千 里之外的

货物付款的系统。

In late antiquity, it was the Sogdians who dominated

transcontinental

trade,

while

more

recently,

Armenians

played

a

prominent

role

thanks

to

their

linguistic

skills.

Indeed,

recent

research

suggests

that the silk roads were fundamental to the development of Yiddish, a

transnational language of Jewish traders plying the silk routes.

在近古时期，主宰跨大陆贸易的是栗特人，而在更近代时期， 亚美尼亚人

依靠他们的语言技能扮演了重要角色。

的确，

近年的研究表明，

丝绸之路对于依

地语

(Yiddish)

的发展至关重要，这是来往丝绸之路的犹太商人所 使用的一种跨

国语言。

Many goods were traded along these networks, in both directions,

including

spices,

silks,

minerals

and

human

beings

—

sold

in

huge

numbers

in the Middle Ages.

在两个方向上，许多商品沿着这些路线进行交易，包括香料、 丝绸、矿产

和人口——在中世纪，人口曾被大量贩卖。

But

problems

also

flowed

through

the

arteries:

violence

and

disease,

most

notably

the

Black

Death,

which

originated

in

central

Asia

and

passed

from town to town, ravaging all in its path.

但麻烦也同样通过这些交通要道传播：暴力和疾病，其中最突出的是黑死

病，这种起源于中亚的疾病从一个城镇蔓延至另一个城镇，沿路大肆破坏。

Control of highways and cities meant control of taxes. States and

leaders with ambitions

—

from

the age

of Alexander the Great to

Britain

and Russia in the 19th century

—

were drawn to the heart of the world.

控制了干道和城市意味着控制了税收。从亚历山大大帝

(Alexander the

Great)

时代到

19

世纪的英国和俄国，野心勃勃的国家和领导者都被 世界的心脏

所吸引。

Few

understood

this

better

than

the

Mongols,

whose

vast

13th

and

14th

century empire, extending from the Pacific to the Black Sea and

Mediterranean,

was

not

characterised

by

violence

and

chaos,

but

by

careful

and deliberate investment into major urban centres. They employed what

we would today call progressive tax policies, which encouraged trade

within and between cities to stimulate greater revenues for the state.

在这方面，很少有人比蒙古人了解得更深。

< br>13

世纪到

14

世纪的蒙古帝国