呼吸科常用英文

呼吸科常用英文

询问病史

case history

You need to get a detailed history including the timing and acuity of

onset,

exacerbating

and

alleviating

factors

and

environment

triggers

to

help

you

confirm

a

diagnosis

or

discard

other

diseases

/develop

a

differential

diagnosis.

Ask

your

patient

whether

there

is

a

history

of

tobacco

use,

or

other

toxic

and

environmental

exposures

and

his

occupational history.

General/biographical

data,marital

status,

nativity,

occupation,

informant,

time

of

admission

and

record,

chief

complaint,

history

of

present

illness,

previous

health

status(well,

ordinary

or

bad),

any

infectious diseases, allergic history, history of trauma or surgery, smoking

(about

how

many

years,

average

how

many

pieces

per

day,

ceased

for

how many years), alcohol

intake(occasional or frequent),spouse’s health

status,

menorrhea

(menarche

age

,

cycle

lasting

for

how

many

days,

menstrual

cycle,

last

menstruation

period

or

age

of

menopause,

any

menstrual

pain

or

irregular

cycle),

childbearing

or

pregnancy(

times

,

natural

labor,

abortions

,premature

delivery,

stillbirths,

difficult

labor,

family

history

(any

congenital

diseases,

father

and

mother:

still

alive,

illness ,or cause of death, siblings and children)

常用的症状

symptoms

fever

Cough

咳嗽

Sputum (dry, purulent

脓性的

, copious green sputum

大量绿色痰，

tenacious

yellow

sputum

黄粘痰，

frothy

white

sputum

白色泡沫痰，

rusty sputum

铁锈色痰

wheezing

Dyspnea during exertion or at rest

呼吸困难

Orthopnea

端坐呼吸

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

夜间阵发性呼吸困难

Shortness of breath

（

SOB

）

Chest tightness

胸部紧迫感

Exercise intolerance

pleuritic chest pain

胸膜型胸痛

Pharyngalgia pharyngodynia

咽痛

Hemoptysis

咯血

Bucking

呛咳

Sneeze

喷嚏

snore

打鼾

malaise

不舒服

myalgia

肌痛

insomia

失眠

hoarseness

声嘶

dysphonia

发声困难

常见的体征

physical signs

clubbed

fingers

杵状指

:

increased

longitudinal

and

transverse

curvature

,loss

of

concave

nail

fold

angle,

bogginess

of

nail

bed

and

increased soft tissue bulk of distal phalanx, drumstick- like

nicotine staining

cyanosis:blue

discolouration

of

mucosal

membranes

and

skin

,caused

when

mean

capillary

concentration

of

deoxyhemoglobin

more than 5g/dl, O2 saturation less than 85%,PaO2 less than 8KPa

peripheral cyanosis: cold blue peripheries, e.g. nail beds due to cold

exposures

central cyanosis: warm peripheries, blue tongue or lips

hand flap: due to CO2 retention

asterixis

扑翼样震颤

papilloedema

视乳头水肿

chemosis

球结膜水肿

enlarged supraclavicular and axillary lymph nodes

increased respiratory rate

tachycardia

心动过速

pulsus

paradoxus:

>10

mmHg

↓on

inspiration

(seen

in

severe

asthma)

barrel chest

hyperexpanded, decreased expansion

kyphosis

驼背，脊柱后凸

Inspection:

tachypnea

呼吸急促

accessory muscles of respiration: sternocleidomastoid muscle, arm

support, alae flaring

wide or narrow intercostal space

tactile vocal fremitus

触觉语颤

subcutaneous crepitus

皮下捻发感

Percussion:

resonance

dullness

flatness

hyperresonance

tympany

lower borders: scapular line X left/right intercostal space

range of mobility

Auscultation:

vocal resonance

语音共振

ronchi: wheeze , stridor , crackles, Velcro-like soundes

moist rales : coarse, medium, fine, crepitus

捻发音

pleural friction rubs

complete absence of breath sounds

ankle edema

weight loss

，

cache xia

恶病质，

cachectic

恶 病质的

decreased food appetite, loss of appetite, anorexia

食欲减退

常做的检查

examinations or laboratory findings

(to take ,undergo, perform ,receive or have)

temperature charts

体温图

(take one’s body temperature)

sputum pot

痰盂

Blood/urine/stool routine, occult blood test

Blood biochemistry

Sputum /blood culture and drug sensitivity test

sputum cytology

Pulse

oximeter

脉氧计：

continuous

monitoring

of

blood

oxygen

saturation

Arterial

blood

gas

analysis(ABG):

arterial

blood

sampling

,

radial/

femoral artery puncture

PaCO2:

partial

pressure

of

carbon

dioxide

in

arterial

blood

hypercarbia

PaO2: partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood hypoxemia

respiratory failure:

type

1:

decreased

O2

supply,

PaO2

＜

60

mmHg(millimeters

of

mercury)

due

to

diffusion

failure

or

V/Q

dismatch

(ventilation- perfusion(quotient)ratio)

pulmonary

edema,

pneumonia,

infarction,

fibrosis,or

pulmonary

embolism

，

pulmonary hypertension, shunt

type

2:

decreased

CO2

removal,

PaCO2

＞

50

mmHg(millimeters

of

mercury)

due to alveolar ventilation failure

obstructive: COPD, asthma, bronchiectasis

restrictive:

neuromuscular

(sedatives,

myasthenia),

structural

(ankylosing spondylitis), pleural diseases ,obesity

Chest X-ray/radiograph:

reticulo-nodular

shadowing

(reticular,

linear,

military

nodules

粟粒

样结节

)

coin lesions

硬币样

cavities

空腔：

amphor ic

空翁音的

(breathing

like

blowing

over

a

bottle top)

opacification

浑浊：

consolidation (air space infiltrate):

confluent shadowing and air bronchogram

collapse: lobar(upper, middle/lingual, lower)

segmental atelactasis

pleural effusion

mediastinal mass: thyroid ,thymoma, teratoma, TB lymph nodes,

terrible diagnoses including lymphoma and aneurysm

Chest CT scan( computed tomography)

Head MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)

PET-CT of the whole body(positron-emission tomography)

Abdominal ultrasound

skin

prick

test

皮肤点刺试验（

dust

mites

尘螨，

pollen

花粉，

蟑螂）

tuberculin

skin

test

(purified

protein

derivative(of

tuberculin)

test,

PPD test)

Pulmonary function test : Spirometry

呼吸量测定法，肺量测定法

obstructive lung diseases: airflow limitation

FEV1

/FVC FVC RV and TLC KCO

< 0.7 ↓ ↑ ↓

restrictive lung diseases: decreased lung compliance and small lung

volumes

intraparenchymal >0.75 ↓↓ ↓ ↓

extraparenchymal variable ↓↓ ↓ normal

FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 second

FVC: force vital capacity

TLC: total lung capacity

RV: residual volume

KCO: transfer factor ( diffusion rate)

PEFR: peak expiratory flow rate

flow-volume loop ( inspiration and expiration)

bronchoprovocation/challenge test

支气管激发试验：

histamine or

methacholine-inhalation

bronchodilatation

支气管舒张试验

: salbutamol

沙丁胺醇

fiberoptic

bronchoscopy:

biopsies,

bronchial

brush

samples

for

pathological examation, bronchial washings)

bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)

protected specimen brush (PS

transthoracic percutaneous needle aspiration

percutanous

needle

biopsy

under

CT

guidance

(

for

peripheral

tumours)

video-assisted thoracoscopic-guided lung biopsy

open lung biopsy

pleural biopsy

biopsy of enlarged lymph nodes

D-Dimers

electrocardiogram (ECG)

echocardiogram

超声

心动图

V/Q isotope scan ( ventilation/perfusion scanning)

spiral CT/MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography)

pulmonary angiography

Doppler USS thigh and pelvis (USS: ultrasound scanning)

cardiac monitor

PSG( polysommography)

常见的病名

diseases

acute upper respiratory tract infection

急性上呼吸道感染

common cold

普通感冒

influenza

流感

pharynigitis

咽炎

acute broncho-bronchitis

急性气 管

-

支气管炎

pneumonia

肺炎

community acquired pneumonia (CAP)

社区获得性肺炎

hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP)

医院获得性肺炎

nosocomical pneumonia (NP)

医院内肺炎

bronchiectasis

支气管扩张

chornic bronchitis

慢性支气管炎

pulmonary emphysema

肺气肿

chronic

obstructive

pulmonary

disease

(acute

exacerbating)

AECOPD COPD

急性发作

bronchial asthma

支气管哮喘

allergic rhinitis

过敏性鼻炎

respiratory failure

呼吸衰竭

lung abscess

肺脓肿

pulmonary tuberculosis

肺结核病

lung cancer:

肺癌

primary bronchogenic carcinoma

原发性支气管肺癌

squamous cell carcinoma

鳞癌

adenocarcinoma

腺癌

bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma

支气管肺泡细胞癌

small cell lung carcinoma

（

SCLC

）小 细胞肺癌

pulmonary metastasis

肺转移瘤

pulmonary embolism

（

PE

）

肺栓塞

pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE)

肺血栓栓塞症

pulmonary infarction

肺梗死

deep venous thrombosis ,DVT

深静脉血栓形成

empyema

脓胸

pneumothorax

气胸

pyopneumothorax

脓气胸

chronic suppurative disease

慢性化脓性疾病

congenital cyanotic disease

先天性紫绀性心脏病

cor pulmonale

肺源性心脏病

pulmonary hypertension

肺动脉高压

pulmonary encephalopathy

肺性脑病

right heart failure; right-sided heart failure

右心衰竭

pulmonary vascular diseases

肺血管疾病

interstitial lung disease, ILD

弥漫性间质性肺疾病

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF

特发性肺纤维化

cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, CFA

隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎

connective tissue related lung diseases

结缔组织相关性肺疾病

systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE

系统性红斑狼疮

rheumatoid arthritis, RA

类风湿性关节炎

systemic sclerosis, SSc

系统性硬化

scleroderma

硬皮病

sjoren’s syndrome

感知综合征

polymyositis

多发性肌炎

dermatomyositis

皮肌炎

sarcoidosis

结节病

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, PAP

肺泡蛋白沉积症

Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis

特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病

Langerhans cell granulomatosis

朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病

Eosinophilic granuloma

嗜酸性肉芽肿

Histiocytosis X

组织细胞增多症

X

Wegener granulomatosis Wegener

肉芽肿

extrinsic allergic alveolitis

外源性过敏性肺泡炎

pneumoconiosis

尘肺

drug-induced lung disease

药物性肺病

aspergillosis

曲< /p>

菌

病

：

alle rgic

bronchopulmonary

aspergillosis

(ABPA)

pleural disease

胸膜疾病

broncho-pleural fistula

支气管胸膜瘘

oral candidiasis

口腔念珠菌病，鹅口疮

osteoporotic bone change

骨质疏松样改变

glaucoma

青光眼

cataract

白内障

acute lung injury

，

ALI

急性肺损伤

acute respiratory distress syndrome , ARDS

急性呼吸窘迫综合征

urticaria

荨麻疹

eczema

湿疹

hypertension

高血压

diabetes

糖尿病

常用的药物

drugs or agents

be administered, treat sb. with

empirical

经验性的

, prophylactic

预防性

, remedial

治疗性

Expectorant

祛痰药

Mucolytics

粘液溶解剂

bronchodilator

B2-agonists: short-acting :salbutamol

沙丁胺醇

long-acting: salmeterol

沙美特罗

muscarinic antagonists: ipratropium bromide

异丙托溴胺

aminophylline

氨茶碱

steroids inhaled: budesonide

布地奈德，

beclomethas one

倍氯米

松，

fluticaso ne

氟替卡松

systemic: prednisolone po., hydrocortisone iv.

mast cell stabilizers: cromoglycate sodium

色甘酸钠

leukotriene receptor antagonists: montelukast

孟鲁司特

respiratory stimulants:

lobeline

nikethamide

cardiac tonic

强心剂

diuretics

利尿剂

albumin

白蛋白

antitussive agents

镇咳药

ammonium chloride

氯化铵

ambroxol

氨溴索

（

mucosolvan

沐舒坦）

常用的治疗措施

low or high flow oxygen: nasal cannulae

鼻导管，

Venturi face-mask

nebulizer

喷

雾

器

:

finer

particle

size

(3

to

20um)

allows

tracheobronchial deposition

metered dose inhaler (MDI)

continuous

positive

airway

pressure

(CPAP)-tight- fitting

mask

(non-invasive)

intermittent positive-pressure ventilation ( IPPV)

non-invasive positive- pressure ventilation (NIPPV)

mechanical ventilation: non-invasive or invasive

(via

intubation

插管

，

tracheostomy

气管造 口术，

tracheotomy

气管切开术

)

synchronized

intermittent

mandatory

ventilation,

SIMV

同步间歇

指令通气

pressure support ventilation, PSV

压力支持通气

thoracocentesis

胸腔穿刺术

chest drain/drainage

引流术

chemotherapy

化疗

radiation therapy

放疗

pneumonectomy

肺切除术

lobectomy of lung

，

pulmonary lobectomy

肺叶切除术

thoracotomy

开胸术，胸廓切开术

pleurodesis

胸膜剥脱术

pleurectomy

胸膜切除术

pleural adhesion

胸膜粘连术

thromboendarterectomy

血栓动脉内膜切除术

inferior vena cava filter

下腔静脉过滤器

常见的疾病

chornic bronchitis: procuctive cough, most days of 3 months of the

year,

for

at

least

2

consecutive

years,

cough

with

white

or

purulent

sputum

bronchiectasis:

cystic

囊性的

/varicos e

曲张样

/cyclindrical

柱状

-tram-tracks

轨道样

hemoptysis

physiotherapy:

chest

wall

percussion

wirh

head-down

postural

drainage

long term oxygen inhalation : to prevent cor pulmonale

medical: bronchodilators, mucolytics, rotating courses of antibiotics

surgical: resection, artery embolization for hemoptysis

lung abscess

usually on right side, as right bronchus is shorter and more vertical;

in

the

supine

patient

,

abscess

develops

in

apical

lower

lobe

or

posterial upper lobe.

pneumothorax