英语句子的宾语

第

六

讲

英

语

句

子

中

动

词

的

宾

语

一、

动词宾语的定义及形式选择

（一）当 一个英语句子谓语部分的主要动词是

及物动词

或者说

的时候，它

就必须要带宾语。简言 之，宾语，又称受词，是谓语动作所涉及的对象

,

它是动作的承 受者。

（二）和主语一样，宾 语的形式也是多种多样的。宾语可由名词、代词、不定式或相当

于名词的词、短语来担任 ，也可以由一个句子来充当，称之为宾语从句。请看下列例句：（

60

< br>页）

Many Chinese speak English today.

（名词）

Do not touch or climb

1

on the works of art. (p. 62)

Jack is selfish and nobody likes him.

（代词）

Please stop talking.

（动名词）

Do you mind my/me smoking here?

The rain prevented his coming.

下雨使他不能来。

Excuse my opening your letter by mistake.

原谅我不慎把你的信拆开。

（当动名 词作宾语时，动名词表示的动作的执行者（即该动作的逻辑主语）可以出现，形

式为宾格 代词或物主代词。）

My brother intends to write a new book.

（不定式）

If you would like to contact the Teacher Resource Specialist, please call 232 8281. (p. 62)

The student wondered what to do next/how to continue the experiment.

（疑问 词

+

不定式）

We consider it wise for Jack to withdraw from the contest.

Someone will arrange it for you to visit us soon.

He considered it his duty to take care of the child.

They make it their practice to watch performances.

（当不定式作宾语时带有补语时，一般需要借助形式宾语

it

来实现。）

I can

’

t understand what you mean/why you think that way.

（从句）

Please touch all you like, but for your own safety, please do not climb. (p. 62)

I think it a scandal that there

’

s so much racial prejudice still about.

*No one understood what did May say at the meeting.

True or false? The position of the object is filled by a nominal expression. (p. 61)

二、动词宾语的类型

及物动词的宾语可分为：

单宾语

（

< br>single object

）

、

双宾语

（

double object

）

和复杂宾语

（

complex

object

）。

（一）双宾语包括直接宾语（

direct object

）和间接宾语（

indirect object

）。间接宾语一般置

于直接宾语之前，但为强调或太长时，也可 置于直接宾语后由介词引导。

A holiday here will do you a lot of good. / will do a lot of good to you.

My parents gave me a wonderful gift for my birthday.

True or false? All English sentences have an object. (p. 61)

请看课本

66

页练习

3

。

（二）

复 杂宾语由宾语和宾语补足语两部分组成，

在意义上它们等于一个名词分句的主语和

1

climb+adv./prep.: I climbed through the window. Sue climbed into bed. Can you climb down? The

boys climbed over the wall.

谓语。其中宾补可以有多种表达形式，如：

My friends call me Jim.

（名词）

She held her niece a captive for several years.

We call him an ass.

I have wished myself a great scientist.

We reckoned them friends.

They elected him chairman of the club.

I appointed him my successor.

They named the baby Ronald.

I found his report interesting.

（形容词）

I

’

ll hold you responsible.

Leave the door open.

People who did not like him called him dull.

He professed himself unable to explain it.

That would drive him mad.

He said waltzes made him dizzy.

We tried him and declared him innocent.

They proclaimed the man guilty.

We went to her house but we found her out.

（副词）

I only gave you a tap. Do you call that beating?

（动名词）

I felt my heart beating violently.

（现在分词）

I caught him stealing.

I shall soon get the machine working.

We must get them repaired.

He went to have a cavity filled and had an injection.

You need your eyesight tested.

Did you ever see a kitten drowned?

Pat

’

s story made the children laugh a lot.

（不定式）

The manager let us watch the actors rehearsing.

I saw him drive off.

The teacher told the students to keep quiet.

A noise caused me to jump back.

They pressed me to stay another week.

Our teacher does not allow cheating to go unpunished.

Her mother made her what she is.

（从句）

I don

’

t believe the house what it was ten years ago.

*

注：当

see, hear, feel, notice, watch

等的宾语补足语为不定式时，表示动作的完成 ，为现在

分词时，暗示动作为完成。如：

I saw him walk across the road.(from one side to the other)

I saw him walking across the road. (on the way across)

I heard the clock strike. (I heard the whole strike.)

I heard the clock striking. (I heard only part of the whole stroke.)

True or false? By a complex object, we refer to an object that is very complex, involving the use

of many modifiers. (p. 61)