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美联
英语：一场精彩的英语陈述演讲必备的
7
个要素
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When
we
speak,
we
have
about
60
seconds
to
capture
our
audience
’
s
attention, establish credibility,
orient them to our topic, and motivate them to
listen,
says
Darlene
Price,
president
of
Well
Said,
Inc.,
and
author
of
“
Well
Said!
Presentations and
Conversations That Get
Results.
”
“当我们陈述演讲时，大概拥有
60
秒的时间来抓住听众的注意力，建立信任感，引向
话题并引发他
们继续听下去的欲望。
”美国
Well Said
公司主席兼《说得好
!
如何演讲和对话
才能起到效果》的合著作者达琳?普莱斯
(Darlene
Price)
这样说道。
If
you
waste
those
precious
opening
seconds
with
a
joke,
an
agenda,
an
apology,
housekeeping
details,
a
string
of
thank-yous,
or
a
rambling
pointless
paragraph littered with
“
ums
”
and
“
uhs,
”
your audience
’
s
minds are likely to
drift,
and you
may
not
get
them
back.
“
You,
your
message, and your
audience
deserve much
more,
”
Price
says.
“
You need to put the
art in the start, the most
important
part of the work.
”
如果你将这宝贵的开场白时间浪费
在讲笑话，
日程安排，
致歉，客房详情，一连串的感
谢以及一段充满了
“嗯、
呃”
等语气词的毫无意义的段落时，
听众的思绪就可能会容易转移，
你也无法将他们的注意力再次集中回演讲之中。普莱斯对此表示：
你，
你所传达的信息，以
及你的听众理应获取得更多，因此在开场中赋予艺术手法
便是工作中的重中之重。
That
’
s
a
tall
order
for
any
speaker
—
and
it
requires
us
to
develop
and
rehearse a well-crafted attention-
getting opener. Price offers seven options.
这对于任何演讲者而言都是一个很
高的要求——这同时也需要我们认真设计并精心排
练开场独白
，以此来吸引听众的注意力。对此，普莱斯提出了
7
条建议。<
/p>
1.
T
ell a captivating story.
讲述一个吸引人的故事
consistently
successful,
”
Price says.
“
As
humans, we
’
re hard-wired to
enjoy and
learn from stories.
”
普莱斯说道：
“在所有开场演讲方式的手段中，讲故事当属最强大也
是最具有持续成功
力的手法。
”
“作为
人类，我们天生便会欣赏故事并从中受益匪浅。
”
The story can
be about you personally, which tells the audience
first-hand why
you
’
re invested
in and passionate about the topic. Or you can tell
a story about
another person who the
audience can learn from.
“
Another option: tell a
fable,
wisdom tale, historic event, or
anecdote,
”
Price
says.
“
The idea is, start
with a brief
60- to 90-second narrative
that launches your speech and captivates your
listeners,
and make sure the story
encapsulates the key point of your
message.
”
开场故事可以涉及个人，
这样便能先
入为主告诉听众为何你如此关注这一主题，
你也可
以讲述一段事
关他人的故事让听众从中学到一些知识。普莱斯说道：
“另一个选择便是讲一
段寓言，智慧故事，历史事件或轶事，这样做的目的在于通过简短的
60-
90
秒叙事开启你
的演讲并吸引在场观众，并确保故事中包含了
你想要传达的关键信息。
”
She suggests you consider
these questions as you craft your version of
“
Once
upon a
time
”
: What challenges have
you (or another) faced in relation to your topic?
How did you (or another) overcome them?
Who or what helped you or harmed you?
What lessons were learned? What do you
want your audience to gain, feel, or do as
a result of the story?
普莱斯建议通过
< br>“很久很久以前”的故事版本构建演讲框架，
具体涉及：你曾遇到过与
主题相关的怎样的挑战
?
你是怎样克服困难的
?
谁曾经帮助了你抑或伤害了你
?
从中吸取了怎
样的教训
?
你希望你的听众们能收获，感受或者并根据故事结局做出怎样的反应
?
2. Ask a
rhetorical thought-provoking question.
提出一个发人深省的反问句
“
As a speaker,
you ask rhetorical questions for persuasive
effect; you don
’
t
expect the audience to answer aloud,
rather silently to
themselves,
”
Price explains.
When
crafted
and
delivered
well,
rhetorical
questions
influence
an
audience
to
believe in the position of the speaker.
“
Clearly,
Shakespeare
’
s character
Shylock is
leading his listeners to
think
‘
yes
’
four times in order to justify revenge
against
Antonio. What do you want your
audience to say
‘
yes
’
or
‘
no
’
to?
”
普莱斯解释道
“作为一个演讲者，<
/p>
提出反问句便是要收获一种说服效果，
你并不能指望
听众们会大声做出回答，多数情况下，他们只是安静地在心中做出回应。
”一
旦构建并提出
一个出色的反问句时，这便能说服听众信任演讲者陈述的观点。
“显然，莎士比亚
(Shakespeare)
作
品中的夏洛克
(Shylock)
为了证明报复安东尼奥有理便
引导读者四次思考
“是”的问题。你希望你的读者表态是或否吗
?
”
In addition to yes or no questions, you
can also arouse curiosity and motivate
your audience to think about the
answer, she says.
< br>她表示，
除了是与否的问题，
你还可以借反问引起听众的
好奇心并刺激观众去思考问题
的答案。
3. State a
shocking statistic or headline.
陈述匪夷所思的数据或标题
“
The statistic,
bold claim, or headline needs to be directly
related to the main
purpose of your
presentation,
”
Price explains.
“
Its impact ideally
persuades the
audience to
listen and respond positively to your
recommendation and next
steps.
”
普莱斯表示：
“
数据，
大胆的断言以及标题往往要直接与你所要陈述的主要内容相关联。
”
“这将影响到说服你的听众继续听下去的心理，积极回应演讲中的提议并
涉及到下一步行
动。
”
4. Use a
powerful quote.
引用强大有力的引言
“
Employ the wise words of a
well-known person because the name allows you
to tap into his or her credibility,
likeability, and notoriety,
”
she says. The quote must
have meaning and relevance to the
audience.
普莱斯说道
：
“由于名人本身能够赐予你名称所代表的可信度，受欢迎度以及名声，使
用名言名句也将起到良好的效果。
”引言必须有特定的涵义并为观众所熟知。
Imagine you
’
re
urging a group to reach consensus, or giving a
talk on conflict
management. You could
open with:
“
Mark Twain once
said,
‘
If two people agree
on everything, one of them is
unnecessary.
’
Even though some of us disagree on
the xyz issue, each of us is necessary
in the reaching a
resolution.
”
试想你正在要求一组人群达成共识，
或是针对一个争议性话题展开讨论。
你可以以这样
的方式开场：
“马克?吐温
(Mark
Twain
)
曾经说过——如果两个人总是意见相投，那么其中
一人肯定是
多余的。
即便我们团队中有人并不同意某事，
但是任何人都将在
达成决议中起到
必要作用。
”
5. Show a
gripping photo.
展示一张吸引人的照片
A picture is
worth a thousand words
—
“
maybe even
more,
”
Price
says.
一张图片胜过千言万
语——“或者更多”
，普莱斯说道。
“
Use photos
instead of text, when
possible,
”
she
suggests. A quality photo
adds
aesthetic
appeal,
increases
comprehension,
engages
the
audience
’
s
imagination, and makes the message more
memorable.
对此，<
/p>
她提出了自己的建议：
“在可能的情况下尽量使用图片而非文字，
”
一个高质量的
图片能增加演讲的美感
，促进理解，引发听众的想象力并让信息更具有可记忆性。
Price offers the following
example of an effective use of an image:
对此，普莱斯运用以下案例来论证有效使用图片所产生的效果：
The president
of an electronics equipment company needed his
managers to
cut
costs.
Rather
than
showing
mundane
charts,
graphs,
and
spreadsheets,
he
opened the meeting by
asking,
“
What sank the
Titanic?
”
When
everyone in unison
replied,
“
an
iceberg,
”
he
displayed a beautiful high-definition image of an
iceberg
on the screen: the tip of the
iceberg was clearly visible above the water; the
much
larger portion was dimly visible
below the surface ofthe water.
一家电子设备公司的总裁要求部门各位经理削减成本。
运用疑问
“是什么导致泰坦尼克
的沉没
?
”而非展示图表，图形和表格来展开演讲，当大家在齐声回答“冰山
”时，总裁在
大屏幕上展示出了一张冰山的高清图像：
水面之上
的冰山清晰可见，
更多部分则是水面之下
依稀可见的巨大冰块。
“
The same thing is about to
happen to our company,
”
he continued.
“
Hidden
costs
—
the
dangers
beneath
the
surface
—
are
about
to
sink
this
company.
I
need
your
help.
”
This
visual
metaphor
spawned
a
creative,
productive
brainstorming
session that inspired every business unit manager
to diligently hunt
for what they
labeled the
“
icebergs,
”
says Price. The
result was saving millions and
ultimately the company.
她继续说道：
“我们公司也将遭遇同样的命运，隐藏在表面之下的危险——隐性成本将
摧毁整个公
司。我需要你们的援助。
”普莱斯说：这种视觉性的隐喻催生出了创新且富有成
效的头脑风暴效果，从而刺激各个部门经理努力发掘总裁所说的“冰山”
，结果便是节省上
百万的资金并最终保住了公司。
6. Use a prop
or creative visual aid.
使用道具或创意视觉辅助工具
“
A prop is a
magnetic tool that hooks your audience and keeps
them watching
—
or listening,
”
Price says. A visual aid can also help
emphasize a point.
普莱斯说道：
“道具是一种有吸引力的工具从而能够紧紧“勾住”观众并让他们
保持听
讲的状态。
”视觉辅助工具能够帮助强调演讲重点。
“
Think about how you could
use items like a big wall clock, a colorful gift
bag,
juggling balls, a deck of cards, a
bunch of carrots, or another prop, to introduce
your topic, captivate the audience,
inject humor, and drive home your
message.
”
“想想你怎样才能利用像大挂钟的工具，丰富多彩的礼物袋，
杂耍球，纸牌，一堆胡萝
卜以及其他道具来介绍你的主题，吸引观众，注入幽默色彩并引
出你所传达的信息。
”
7. Play a short video.
播放短视频
Imagine kicking off a
product management meeting with a video of
compelling
customer testimonials, or
opening a fund raising event for endangered
species by
showing an Amur Leopard
playing with her cubs in the wild.
试想用一段引人注目的客户推荐视频来召开一场产品经营会议
，
抑或是通过展示美洲豹
在野外同幼崽玩耍的视频来开启濒危物
种的基因筹款活动。
“
Videos evoke emotional
responses,
”
Price
explains.
“
Unlike text and
bullet
points
on
a
slide,
you
can
employ
people,
pictures,
and
sound
to
reel
in
the
audience, add drama, and
communicate the gist of your message
quickly.
“
As Walt
Disney said,
“
I
would rather entertain and hope that people
learned something than
educate people
and hope they were entertained.
普莱斯表示：
“视频能够唤起情绪反
应。与文本和幻灯片上的信息点不同，你可以运用
人像，
图片，
声音来吸引观众，
增加戏剧效果并迅速传达信息要点。
”
正如沃尔特?迪斯尼
(Walt
Disney)
曾经说过，
“我宁愿娱乐大众，<
/p>
并希望人们从中学到一些东西而不是教育人民并指望
他们能被我娱
乐。
”
美联英语：