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Unit 4 What should you
do?
虚拟语气
一、词的语气
指我们平常说的说话人说话的口气。(在英语中,语
气除了指语调以外,最主要的是
通过动词发生变化而
表示不同语气)
英语中的语气分为三类:
陈述语气(用于陈述句、疑问句、感叹句)
祈使语气(用于祈使句)
虚拟语气(用于条件状语从句、宾语从句等)
二、虚拟语气
如果所说的不是事实,
而是一种假设、愿望、建议或
是一种实现不了的空想,就用虚拟语气。
< br>
三、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法
1
、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句
eg If he doesn
’
t
hurry up, he will miss the
bus.(
真实条件状语
)
If he
was
free,
he asked me
to tell
< br>stories.
(真
实条件状语)
If I were you, I would go at
once.
(非真实条件
状语从句)
If there was no
air, people would
die.
(非真实
条件状语从句)
<
/p>
2
、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词
形式
①
表示与现在事实相反的情况
(条件)从句谓语动
主句谓语动词形式
词形式
谓语动词用过去式
(
be
用
were
)
should/would/could
/might+
动词原形
eg
:
If I were
you, I
’
d take an
umbrella.
如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你)
If
I
knew
his
telephone
number,
I
would
tell
you.
如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。(事实:
不知道)
< br>
If there were no air or water,
there would be no
living things on the
earth.
如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。
p>
(
事实:
地球上既有空气也有水
)
If
I
had
any
money
with
me,
I
could
lend
you
some.
如果我带钱了,我就会借给你些。(事实:没带钱)
If he studied harder, he might pass the
exam.
如果他在努力些,就能通过考试了。(事实:学习不
用功)
②表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句谓语动词形
主句谓语动词形式
式
Had+
过去分词
< br>Should/would/could/might+have+
过去分词
p>
eg If I had got
there earlier, I should/could
have met
her.
如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了)
If he had taken my advice, he would
not have
made such a
mistake.
如果他听我的劝
告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。
(事实:没有听我的话)
③表示对将来情况的主观推测(可能相反或可能性
很小)
从句
①
were
If+
主语
②
did
③
were to do
示时间状
语连用
)
其
中
were to
do
可能性最小,
例句
If it rained
主句
tomorrow
,
our
picnic would be
should/would
put off.
们的郊游
do
/could
万一那天下雨,我
主句
might
(
①通常与一个表
就推迟。
should+
动词原形。
eg: If he would come here
tomorrow, I
should/would talk to
him.
如果他哪天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。(事实:
来的可能性很小)
< br>
If
there
were
a
heavy
snow
next
Sunday,
we
would
not go
skating.
如果下周日下大
雪,我们就不能去滑冰了,(事实:
不知能否下雪)
If
she
were
to
be
there
next
Monday,
I
would
tell
her about the
matter.
如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件
事得始
末。
四、虚拟语气的其他用法
1
、虚拟语气用在
wish
后的宾语从句
a
、表示与现在事实相反的愿望,谓语动词用过去式
eg:
I wish I had your brains.
我希望我有你那样
的头脑。
(
事实:我根本比不上你
< br>)
b
、表示过去事实相反的愿
望,谓语动词:
had+PP
eg:
I wish I had known the truth of the
matter.
我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。(事实:原
来不知
道)
c
、表示将来难以实现的愿望
谓语动词:
should/would +
动词原形
eg: I wish I
should have a chance again.
(事实:很难再有这样的机会了)
②
虚拟语气用在
suggest(
建议
)
、
insist(
坚持
)
、
demand(
要求
p>
)
、
order(
命令
)
等动词后的宾语从句中。
在这种用法中,无论主句谓语动词
为何种时态,从句
的谓语动词都用:
“
should
+
动词原形”或只用“动
词原形”。
如
He suggested
He insisted
He demanded that we (should) take the
teacher
’
s
advice
He ordered
二、句子详解
2. pretend to do sth.
假装做某事
I pretended to
sleep just now.
pretend
+
从句
假装?
I pretended that I fell
asleep.
3. be late for
迟到
如:
I
am late for work/
school/ class/ party.
4. a few
与
a
little
的区别,
few
与
little
的
区别
⑴
a
few
一些
修饰可数名词
a little
一些
修饰不可数名词
两者表肯定意义
如:
He has a few friends.
他有一些朋友。
There is
a little sugar in the bottle.
在瓶子
里有一些糖。
⑵
few
少数的
修饰可数名词
little
少数的
修饰不可数名词
但两者表否定意
义
如:
He has few friends.
他没有几个朋友。
There
is little sugar in the
bottle.
在瓶子里没
有多少糖。
⑶
a little = a bit
修饰形容词、副词
a
little = a bit of
修饰不可数名词
5. still
仍然
,
还
<
/p>
用在
be
动词之后,行为动词之前
如:
I am
still a student.
我仍然是个学生
I still love
him.
我仍然爱他。
6.
hundred
、
< br>thousand
、
mi11ion
与数字连用不能用
复数。
hundreds
of
、
thousands
of
、
mi11ions of
中必须
用
复数,前面不能有具体数字。
7.
what if +
从句
如果?怎么办
,
要是?
又怎
么样
如:
What if she
doesn
’
t come?
要是她不来怎么
办?
What if LiLei knows?
如果李雷知道了怎么办?
8.
add sth. to sth.
添加?到?
如:
I
added some sugar to water.
我把糖添加到
水里。
9.
系动词与形容词连用
get nervous
变得紧张
feel shy
觉得害羞
look
friendly
看起来友好
10. too +
形
/
副
+to do sth.
太?而不能
如:
I
’
m
too tired to stand.
我太累了而不能站。
11.
help
with
sth.
如:
They
help
with
this
problem.
help sb.
(
to
)
do.
如:
They help you relax.
他
们帮助你放松
12. in public
在公共场所
如
:Don
’
t smoke in
public.
请不要在公共场所吸
烟。
13. energetic adj.
活力的
如:
She is an energetic girl.
她是一个活力的女
孩。
energy
n.
活力
,
如:
She
has
lots
of
energies.
她
有活力。
14. ask sb. to do
叫?做某事
ask sb. not
to do sth.
叫?不要做某事
tell sb. to do
告诉?做某事
tell sb.
not to do sth.
告诉?不要做某事
如:
Teacher asked me to clean
the classroom.
Teacher asked me not to
clean the classroom.
15.
start doing == start to do.
开始做某事
如:
He started speaking/ to
speak.
他开始说话。
16.
borrow sth. from sb.
从某人那里借来某物
如:
I borrowed a book from
Lily.
我从莉莉那里
借来一本书。
for sb.
等某人
如:
I am wait for him.
我
正在等他。
18. introduce sb. to sb.
把某人介绍给某人
如:
I introduced Lily to Anna.
我把莉莉介绍给
安娜。
19. invite sb. to do
邀请某人做某事
如:
Lily
invited
me
to
go
to
her
home
for
supper.
莉莉邀请我去她家吃晚饭。
20.
have dinner/ supper
吃晚饭
have lunch/
breakfast
吃午餐、吃早餐
21.
plenty of
修饰不可数名词,也可以修饰可数名
词
许多
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