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初中英语八大时态结构及用法
时态无疑是初中英语最重要的语法内容,
学好时态基本就拿下了
语法的半壁江山。
英语八大时态:
一、一般现在时
标志:动词原形
1.
表示经常性或习惯性动作,常与表频度的时间状语连用:
She often speaks English.
I
leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2.
表示现在的状态、特征、职业、能力、感觉等:
He seems to feel a bit down today.
He works as a driver.
3.
表示真理、客观存在、科学事实或用于格言警句中:
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
Columbus proved that the earth is
round.
Where there is a will, there is
a way.
4.
表示现在瞬间的动作:
Here
comes the bus!
5.
表示将来:
1
)表按规定、计划、安排将要发生的动作(仅限于某些表示“来、
去、动、停、开始、
结束、继续”等的趋向动词)
,可以与表示未来
的时间状语搭配
使用。常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定
期定点运行的交通状况。如:
The next train leaves at 3
o
’
clock this afternoon.
How often does the shuttle bus
run
?
2
)
在时间和条件状语从句中常使用一般现在时表示将来发生的事情:
When Bill
comes
(不用
will
come
)
ask him to wait for me.
I shall go there tomorrow unless
I
’
m too busy.
二、一般过去时
标志:动词过去式
闭音节:元音字母
a, e, i,
o, u
如果发字母本来的音则称为开音节,否
则称为闭音节。
1.
表示过去某时所发生的动作或
存在的状态,常与表示过去的时间
状语连用(
e.g.
yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago,
in May,
last
night
/
year
/
week,
once
upon
a
time,
the
other
day,
before
…
,
when
…
, in the
past
等)
。如:
Jim rang you just now.
Liu
Ying was in America last year.
2.
表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,特别是
used to do
表达的句型,
本身表示的就是过去常常。如:
< br>
When I was a kid, I often played
football in the street.
She used to
visit her mother once a week.
注意区分
sb. used to do sth.
(
某人过去常常做某事,
此处
to
是动词不
定式标志符号)和
s
b. be used to sth./doing sth.
(某人习惯于某物
p>
/
做
某事,此处
t
o
是介词)
。
3.
代替一般现在时,表示一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语
气。此
用法仅适用于少数动词(如
want, hope,
wonder, think, intend
等)及
情态动词
could, would
。如:
I wondered if you could have a word
with me.
I hoped you could help me with
my English.
Would you mind my sitting
here
?
4.
虚拟语气中用一般过去时表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态。
常
用句型有:
It is time
that sb. did sth.
“某人该做某事了”
would rather sb. did sth.
“宁愿某人做某事”
三、一般将来时
标志:
will / shall +
动词原形
1.
表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,通常与表示将来的时间状语
连用(
e.g. tomorrow, next week, in the
future
等)
。如:
We shall have a lot of rain next month.
My husband will come back in a few
days.
2.
表示倾向性和习惯性:
Fish
will die without water.
When it gets
warmer, the snow will start to melt.
3.
一般将来时的几种句式结构辨析:
1
)
will / shall +
动词原形
多用于表达主观愿望或必定
会发生的事情(
“将会如何”
)
p>
shall
作助动词时一般只用于第一人称
2
)
be going to +
动词原形
表示即将发生或打算要做的事:
It
is going to rain.
We are going to have
a meeting today.
3
)
be to +
动词原形
表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作:
He is to visit Japan next year.
We are to discuss the report on Monday.
4
)
be about to +
动词原形
表示即将发生的动作,意为
“马上要做某事”
,后面一般不跟时间状
语,如:
The plane is about to start.
Don
’
t worry. I am
about to make a close examination on you.
四、现在进行时
标志:
be +
动词的现在分词
1.
表示说话时正在进行的动作:
She
is writing a letter upstairs.
Who are
you waiting for
?
It is raining hard.
2.
表示现阶段一直在进行的动作(说话时动作未必正在进行)
:
I hear Mr. Green is writing
another novel.
3.
表示反复出现或习惯性
的动作,往往包含说话者赞扬、责备、厌
恶等情绪,
通常与
p>
always, constantly, continually,
forever
等频度副词连
用。如:
John is forever asking silly questions
like a stupid.
He is always thinking of
others first.
4.
表示将来:
1
)表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作,仅适用于部分趋向动词(如
go, come,
leave, start,
arrive
等)
。如:
Uncle Wang is coming.
They're leaving for Beijing.
2
)在时间和条件状语从句中,现在进行时表示将来某时正在发生的
< br>事情。如:
Please drop in when
you are passing my way.
If he is still
sleeping, don
’
t wake him up.
五、过去进行时
标志:
was / were +
动词的现在分词
1.
表示过去某一时刻或一段时间正在进行的动作,过去进行时中常
用的时间状语
有
the whole morning, all day yesterday,
from January to