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人教版八年级上册英语讲义

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2021-02-17 08:07
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2021年2月17日发(作者:surrendered)









< br>册







Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?


重点短语:



1



go on vacation



去度假




2



stay at home



呆在家




3



go to the mountains


去爬山




4



go to the beach



去沙滩




5



vis it museums



参观博物馆




6



go to summer camp


夏令营



7



quite a few



相当多,不少



8



study for……





而学习




9



go out



出去



重点语法:




1



Where did you go on vacation?








I went to New York City.



2



Did you go out with anyone?










No, No one was here. Everyone was on vacation.



3



Did you buy anything special?








Yes, I bought something for my father.



4



How was the food?


















Everything tasted really good.



5



Did everyone have a good time?







Oh



yes. Everything was excellent.


习惯用法:




1



buy sth for sb./ buy sb. sth


为某人买某物



2



taste + adj.




尝起来


……




3



not hing ….but + V.(


原形


)

< br>除了



之外什么都没有




4



seem + (to be) + adj




看起来




5



. arrive in +


大地方




arrive at +


小地方



到达某地




6




decide to do sth.



决定做某事




7



. try doing sth.




尝试做某事





8



try to do sth.




尽力做某事






9



try one`s best to do sth


尽力做某事




10



enjo y doing sth.


喜欢做某事



词语辨析:


1anywhere




somewhere



两者都是不定副词。




anywhere



在任何地方





常用于否定句和疑问句中。


I


can’t find it anywhere.



somewhere



在某处,到某处,常用于肯定句。




I lost my key somewhere near here.


2


seem +


形容词




看起来


…..You seem happy today.




seem + to do sth.


似乎、好像做某事









I seems / seemed + that


来好像



;似乎


….< /p>



seem like ….


好像,似乎


…..It seems like a god idea.



3


decide to do sth.


决定做某事










They decide to visit the museum.


decide +


疑问词



+


动词不定式





He can not decide when to leave.


4


start doing sth = start to do sth.


开始,可与


begin



互换








He started doing his homework.



5over


介词,多于,超过,在



以上(表示数目、程度)



= more than


My father is over 40 years old.


6.



too many


太多,后接可数名词复数:




Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.


too much



太多,修饰不可数名词,修饰动词作状语。




We have too much work to do.









Don’t talk too much.



7


because of



因为,由于,后接名词、代词或动名



词,不 能接句子。



He can’t take a walk because of the rain.



because


连词,因为,引导状语从句,表示直接明确的


原因。

< p>
I don’t buy


it because it was too expensive.


8


too,…to



< br>….


以至于不能


….





Mother is too tired to go to school.


9



have fun doing sth


享受做某事的乐趣




11



want to do sth.




想去做某事




12



start doing sth.


开始做某事



< p>
13



stop doing sth.


停止做某事









stop to do sth


停下来做某事



14



look + adj


看起来




1 5



dislike doing sth.


不喜欢做某事



16



Why not do sth.


为什么不做


…….


呢?




17



so + adj + that +


从句





如此



以至于




18



te ll sb. (not) to do sth.


告诉某人(不要)做某事




19




keep doing sth.




继续做某事




20



.forget to do sth.



忘记去做某事(未做)






forget doing sth


忘记做过某事(已做)



10



most of the time


大多数时间




11



taste good




尝起来不错




12



have a good time


过得愉快




13



feel like



感受到




14



go shopping



去买东西




15



in the past



在过去




16



walk around…..


四处走走




17



too many



太多



(< /p>


18



because of+


短语




因为




19



one bowl of




一碗。。。




20



find out



查明,弄清




21



take photos




照相


< /p>



22



som ething important


重要的


事情




23



up and down



上上下下




24



come up



上来


,


出现




25



of course




当然




26



come down




下来


Unit 2




How often do you exercise?


短语:



1




help sb with sth



帮助某人做某事




2



go shopping


去买东西




3



on weekends



在周末




4



how often



多少次




5



hardly ever



几乎从不




6



once a week




一星期一次




7



twice a month


一个月两次




8



go to the movies



去看电影




9



every day



每天




10



use the Internet


上网




11



be free



be not busy


=have time



有空




12



have dance and piano



语法要点:




1



What do you usually do on weekends?



I always exercise.



2


What do they do on weekends?










They often help my mother with housework.



3



What does she do on weekends?








She sometimes goes shopping.



4



How often do you go to the movies?





I go to the movies maybe once a month.



5



How often does he watch TV?











He hardly ever watches TV.



6



Do you go shopping?



















No, I never go shopping.


习惯用法:


1. help sb. with sth



have sb do sth


帮助某人做某事



2. How about doing…?





….


怎么样?


/ ….


好不好?



3. want sb. to do sth.





想让某人做某事



4. How many +


可数名词复数


+


一般疑问句




5.


主语


+ find+ that


从句







发现




6. It’s + adj.+ to do sth.





做某事是


….




7. spend time with sb.






和某人一起度过时光



8. ask sb. about sth.





向某人询问某事



词语辨析:


1.


free


空闲的,有空的,



反义词为



busy.






be free


有空,闲着,相当于



have time.


I’ll be free next week. = I’ll h


ave time next week.



2.


How come




怎么会?



怎么回事?表示某件事情很


奇怪,有点想不通;可单独使用,也可引导一个问


句,



相当于疑问句



why,




how come


开头的特


殊疑问句 使用的仍然是陈述语序。



How come Tom didn’t come to the party? = Why


didn’t Tom come to the party?



3.


stay up late





熬夜到很晚,迟睡





Don’t stay up late next time.



stay up




熬夜,不睡觉





He stayed up all night to write his story.


4.


go to bed

< br>强调



上床睡觉



的动作及过程,但人不一


定睡着。


I went to bed at eleven last night.


go to sleep


强调



入睡,睡着,进入 梦乡






She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.


5.


find +


宾语



+


名词


,


发现







We have found him (to be) a good boy.


find +


宾语



+


形容词,



发现:




He found the room dirty.


find +


宾语



+


现在分词,



发现






I found her standing at the door.


6.


percent


百分数,



基数词



+ percent




percent



有复数形式,作主语时,根据所修饰的名词来判断谓


语的单复数。





Forty percent of the students in our class are


girls.




Thirty percent of time passed.


7.


more than


超过,多于,不仅仅,



相当于



over.



句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。反义词组为:


le ss


than.








I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.


8.



afraid


形容词,


< p>
担心的,害怕的,在句中作表语,


不用在名词前作定语。

< br>


9. by doing sth.







通过做某事



10. What’s your favorite…..?


你最喜欢的


< p>
是什么?



11 start doing sth.








开始做某事



12. the best way to do sth.




做某事的最好方式



of



满的



about doing



sth






做某事怎么样?



….at all



一点儿也不






I don`t like it at all.



我一点儿也 不喜欢它。


lessons


上舞蹈和钢琴课



13



swing dance



摇摆舞




14



pl ay tennis



打网球




15



stay up late



熬夜到很晚




16



go to sleep




睡觉




17



go to bed



上床睡觉




18



at least



至少,不少于




19



go to bed early


上床睡觉早



20



play sports




做运动




21



be good for





….


有好处




22



be good at doing sth




擅长做某事




23



go camping



去野营




24



in one’s free time




在某人的业余时间




25



the most popular


最受欢迎




26



such as


< p>
例如


….



….


这样




28



more than



多于




29



old habits die hard



旧习难改




30



less than



少于



(< /p>


31



junk food



垃圾食品






32< /p>



take care of sb


照料某人




33



look after sb



照顾某人




34



have to do



sth


必须做某事


< br>(


35



get in…


进入





36



be late for



迟到


< p>
27



go to the dentist


看牙科医生






I’m afraid we can’t come here on time.



be afraid of sb / sth


害怕某人



/


某事;



be afraid of


doing sth.



害怕做某事。



Some children are afraid of the dark.









Don’t be afraid of asking question.



I’m afraid +


从句,



恐怕,



担心:




I’m afraid I have to go now.



9.



sometimes , sometime, some times , some time


的区别:



sometimes


频度副词,



有时。



Sometimes I get up very early.



sometime



副词,某个时候。



I will go to Shanghai sometime next week.



some times



名词词组,



几次,几倍。其中


time


是可


数名词,对它提问用


how many times.


短语归纳与用法:



I have read the story some times.



-------How many


times have you read the story?


some time


名词短语,



一段时间


.


表示


一段时间



< br>



I


‘ll stay here for


some time.




often


多久一次,用来提问 动作发生的频率。回


答用:


once



twice, three times


等词语。



How often do you play sports?




Three times a


week.


how long



多长,用来询问 多长时间,也可询问某物有


多长。



How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here?



How long is the ruler?


how far


多远,



用来询问距离,指路程的远近。



How


far is it from here to the park?



It’s about 2


kilometers.


Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister




1



more outgoing


更外向




















15



as…as…



……


一样


……









2



the singing competition


唱歌比赛














16



be similar to



……


相像的< /p>


/


类似的







3



the same as



……


相同;与


……


一致









17



be different from



……


不同




4



care about


关心;介意




















18



be like a mirror


像一面镜子







5



the most important


最重要的















19



as long as


只要;既然










6



bring out


使显现;使表现出


















20< /p>



get better grades


取得更好的成绩




7



reach for


伸手取

























21



in fact


事实上;实际上










8



make friends


交朋友






















22< /p>



the other


其他的




9



touch one’s heart


感动某人

















23



be talented in music


有音乐天赋




10



be good at


擅长


……






















24



be good with


善于与


……


相处< /p>




11



have fun doing sth.


享受做某事的乐趣









25



be good at doing sth


擅长做某事








12



make sb. do sth.


让某人做某事













26


)< /p>


want to do sth.


想要做某事









13



as+a dj./adv.


的原级


+as


与< /p>


……


一样


……








14



It’s + adj.+for sb. to do sth.




语法知识:




1



Is Tom smarter than Sam?
















No,he isn’t. Sam is smarter than Tom.




2



Is Tara more outgoing than Tina?











No, she isn’t. Tina is more outgoing than Tara.




3



Are you as friendly as your sister?












No, I’m not. I’m friendlier.




4



Does Tara work as hard as Tina?












Yes, she does.



5



Who’s more hardworking at school?







Tina thinks she works harder than me.



词语辨析:< /p>



1



laug h v. & n.





He laughs best who laughs last.



谁笑在最后,谁笑得最好。


/


不要高兴得太早。



(与

at


连用)嘲笑


Don’t


laugh at him.


别嘲笑他。



名词:笑;笑声




We had a good laugh at his joke.



们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。




2



thoug h conj.


虽然;纵然;即使;尽管



=


although


Though it was raining



he went there.


虽然当时正下


着雨,他还是到那里去了。



注意:在


though

引导的从句后不使用


but


。如:



though adv..


不过,然而,常用于句末,用逗号 隔开。


Ji


m said that he would come, he didn’t , though.


Unit 4




What’s the best movie theater



重点句型:


1.


It has the biggest screens.


2.


The DJs choose songs the most carefuly.


3.


How do you like it so far?



到目前为止,你认为它


怎么样?



4.


Thanks forget telling me.


5.


Can I ask you some questi ons?


重点短语:



1



movie theater


电影院





































17



play a role in doing sth.




发挥做某 事的作



2



be close to…



……


近< /p>






3



clothes store


服装店






4



in town


在镇上





5



so far


到目前为止






6



10 minutes by bus


坐公共汽车


10


分钟路程










7



talen t show


才艺表演



< p>


8



have….in common


有相同特征(想法、兴趣


方面)相同





9



around the world


世界各地;全世界






10


)< /p>


more and more……


越来越


……


< p>


11



and so on


等等






12



al l kinds of……


各种各样的









13



be up to



……


决定




14


< br>not everybody



并不是每个人



15



make up


编造(故事、谎言等)






16


)< /p>


play a role in…



……


方面发挥作用


/


有影响




18



no problem



没什么,别客气





19


)< /p>


for example


例如







20



< /p>


take…seriously


认真对待





21


)< /p>


give sb. sth.


给某人某物




22



co me true


(梦想、希望)实现;达到


< br>(


23



Thanks for doing sth.


因做某事而感谢。



24



much+ adj./adv.


的比较级





得多



(< /p>


25



watch sb. do sth.


观看某人做某事




26



one of+


可数名词的复数





……


之一




27



Ca n I ask you some…?


我能问你一些



吗?




28



How do you like…?






29< /p>



What do you think of…?


你认为



怎么样


?



30



how much…….?


多少钱?




31



How far……?


多远?




32



How many……?


多少?



< p>
33



How long…..?


多长?


Unite 5



Do you want to a game show?


重要短语:



1



find out




查明,弄清







16




come out


出版,发行




2




be ready to do



准备好做某事







17< /p>



try one’s best




尽力,竭尽全力









3



dress up




装扮,乔装打扮














18



a pair of


一双,一对





4



take sb`s place


代替,替换






19



as famous as


一样着名








5



do a good job




干得好






20



lo ok like


看起来像




6




think of +


名词或动词短语




认为


….




21



ar ound the world




世界各地






7



gam e shows


游戏节目






22


)< /p>


have a discussion about…



…….


讨论




8



learn from

< br>向



学习从


…..


获得




23



one day


有一天
















9



talk shows





脱口秀



















24


)< /p>


such as


比如


< br>(


10



soap opera



肥皂剧




25



a symbol of



…..


的象征





11



go on



发生






26< /p>



something enjoyable


令人愉快的东西




12




watch a movie




观看一场电影



27



interesting information



有趣的资料







13



one of



the main reasons



最主要的原因之一




28



happen to do sth.




碰巧做某事





14



watch a sitcom



观看一部情景喜剧


< /p>



29



exp ect to do sth.


盼望做某事











15



action movies




动作电影





30



TV shows


电视节目


重要句型:


< /p>



1



What do you think of talk shows?




I don’t mind them.




2



I hope to be a TV reporter one day.




How about you?


常 用法:



1




let sb



do sth.




让某人做某事















8




try one’s best to do sth.



尽力做某事





2




plan to do sth.



计划做某事




9





become +adj



变得


…..




3




hope to do sth.



希望做某事





10




not so …..


as



不像



那样


….



不如


…..


这么










4




mind doing sth


介意做某事




11




thank you for doing sth


谢谢你做某事




5




expect to do sth.


期待做某事



Thank you for sth


谢谢你的


……




6




How



what




about doing…


做某事怎么样?




12




love doing sth


喜爱做某事

< br>(


7




be always ready to do sth.


总是准备做某事




语词辨析:



other, the others, other, others, another



the other


表示特指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另 一


部分,常用


one …the other…


。例:



He has two apples, one is red, the other is green.


There are forty students in our class. twenty-one


are girls, the other nineteen are boys.


the others



特指某一范围内的其他的(人或物),是


the other


的复数形式,相当于


the other+


复数名词。


the other +


复数名词



= any other +


名词单数。例:



You two stay here, the others go with me.



other


作代词或形容词,可修饰可数名词单数或复数。



We learn Chinese, Maths, English and other


subjects.


others



作代词,泛指


其他的人或物





例:



Some students are doing homework, others are


talking loudly.


another


泛指同类事物中的三者或三 者以上的



另一



,只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。例:



I don’t like this one. Please show me another one.



out


查明,弄清楚,


find


找到




Please find out when Mrs Green will go to Beijing.


3. go on


发生,与



take place


同义



I wonder what was going on.



v.


发生,一般指偶然发生,主语为事,不能


为人。



短语:


1.


grow up


成长;长大









2.


every day


每天







3.



be sure about



……


有把握







4.


make sure


确信;务必








5.


want to do sth.


想要做某事



6.


send…to…



……


送到


……





7.


be able to








8.


the meaning of……


的意思







9.



different kinds of


不同种类的





10.


agree to do sth.


同意做某事



11.


write down


写下;记下





12.


have to do with


关于;与

……


有关系






1be going to


的用法



1



be going to+


动词原形


——


表示将来的打算、


计划或安排。常与表示将来的


tomorrow, next


year


等时间状语连用,


be

随主语有


am, is, are


的变换



Sth + happens to sb.



Sth + happens +


地点


/


时间:某地


/< /p>


某时发生了某事



Happen v


,表示



碰巧


”< /p>


,主语可以是人,后常跟动词


不定式


to ,


表示



碰巧


……”.



Sb + happens to do sth.


I happened to see my uncle on the street.


* take place


意为

< p>


发生,举行,举办



, 一般指非偶然


性事件的



发生




即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或


事先的安排。例:



Great changes have taken place in China.


The meeting will take place next Friday.


v.


期待,盼望,预期,后常接四种结构:



1)expect +


名词


/


代词,期待某事


/


某人,预计


……


可能


发生。



I’m expecting Li Lin’s letter.



2)expect to do sth.


预计做某事



Lily expects to come back next week.


3)expect sb. to do sth.


I expect my mother to come back early.


4)expect +


从句




预计


……



I expected that I’ll come back next Monday.



6. serious a.


严肃的,


认真的。



He is a serious man.


be serious about sb/sth.


对某人


/


某事当真



be serious about doing sth.




对某事当真





Unit 6 I’m going to study computer science



13.


take up


开始做;学着做












14.


hardly ever


几乎不;很少




15.



help sb. to do sth.


帮助某人做某事



16.



too…to…

< p>


……


而不能


……



17.


love to do sth.


喜爱做某事

















18.


be going to+


动词原形




打算做某事








19.


practice doing


练习做某事







20.


keep on doing sth.


不断地做某事







21.


promise to do sth.


许诺去做某事



22.


learn to do sth.


学会做某事










23.



finish doing sth.


做完某事










24.


remember to do sth.


记住做某事


肯定句:



主语



+ be going to +


动词原形



+


其他。



否定句:



主语



+ be not going to +


动词原形



+


其他


.


一般疑问句


Be +


主语



+ going to +


动词原形



+





肯定回答:



Yes,


主语



+ be.


否定回答:



No,


主语



+ be not.


特殊疑问句:



疑问词



+ be +


主语



+ going to +


动词


原形



+


其他?



2)


如果表示计划去某地,可直接用



be going to +





We are going to Beijing for a holiday.


3)


表示位置移动的动词,如


go , come, leave


等常用


进行时表示将来。





My aunt is leaving for Beijing next week.


4) be going to




will


的区别:





对未来事情的预测用


“ will +


动词原形



表达。




Will planes be large in the future?




-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



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