2019年6月大学英语四级考试真题及参考答案(第3套)

月四级考试全国共考了

2

套听力，

本套真题听力与前

2

套

内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions:

In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are

required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word

bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before

making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please

mark the corresponding letter for each item on

Answer Sheet 2

with a single

line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more

than once

．

Just because they can’t sing opera or ride a bicycle doesn’t mean that anima

ls

don’t have culture. There’s no better example of this than killer whales. As one

of the most __26__ preda tors

（食肉动物）

，

killer whales may not fit the __27__

of a cultured creature. However, these beasts of the sea do display a vast

range of highly __28__ behaviors that appear to be driving their genetic

development.

The word “culture” comes from the Latin “colere,” which __29__ means “to

cultivate.” In other words, it refers to anything that is __30__ or learnt, rather

than instinctive or natural. Among human populations, culture not only affects

the way we live, but also writes itself into our genes, affecting who we are. For

instance, having spent many generations hunting the fat marine mammals of

the Arctic, the Eskimos of Greenland have developed certain genetic __31__

that help them digest and utilize this fat-rich diet, thereby allowing them to

__32__ in their cold climate.

Like humans, killer whales have colonized a range of different __33__ across

the globe, occupying every ocean basin on the planet, with an empire that

__34__ from pole to pole. As such, different populations of killer whales have

had to learn different hunting techniques in order to gain the upper hand over

their local prey

（猎物）

. This, in turn, has a major effect on their diet, leading

scientists to __35__ that the ability to learn population-specific hunting

methods could be driving the animals’ genetic development.

A) acquired

B) adaptations

C) brutal

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D) deliberately

E) expressed

F) extends

G) habitats

H) humble

I) image

J) litereally

K) refined

L) revolves

M) speculate

N) structure

O) thrive

26-30 CIKJA

31-35 BOGFM

Section B

Directions:

In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten

statements attached to each statement contains information given in one of the

paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You

may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a

letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on

Answer

Sheet 2

.

Living with parents edges out other living arrangements for 18-to 34-year- olds

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A) Broad demographic (

人口的

)shifts is marital status, educational attainment

and employment have transformed the way young adults in the U.S. are living,

and a new Pew Research Center analysis highlights the implications of these

changes for the most basic element of their lives

—

where they call home. In

2014,for the first time in more than 130 years, adults ages 18 to 34 were

slightly more likely to be living in their parents’ home than they were to be living

with a spouse or partner in their own household.

B) This turn of events is fueled primarily by the dramatic drop in the share of

young Americans who are choosing to settle down romantically before age 35.

Dating back to 1880, the most common living arrangement among young

adults has been living with a romantic partner, whether a spouse or a

significant other. This type of arrangement peaked around 1960, when 62% of

the nation’s 18

-to 34-year-olds were living with a spouse or partner in their own

household, and only one- in-five were living with their parents.

C) By 2014, 31.6% of young adults were living with a spouse or partner in their

own household, below the share living in the home of their parent(s) (32.1%).

Some 14% of young adults lived alone, were a single parent or lived with one

or more roommates. The remaining 22% lived in the home of another family

member (such as a grandparent, in-law or sibling (

兄弟姐妹

)), a non- relative,

or in group quarters like college dormitories.

D) It’s worth noting that the overall

share of young adults living with their

parents was not at a record high in 2014. This arrangement peaked around

1940, when about 35% of the nation’s 18

-to 34-year-olds lived with mom

and/or dad (compared with 32% in 2014). What has changed, instead, is the

relative share adopting different ways of living in early adulthood, with the

decline of romantic coupling pushing living at home to the top of a much less

uniform list of living arrangements.

Among young adults, living arrangements differ significantly by gender. For

men ages 18 to 34, living at home with mom and/or dad has been the

dominant living arrangement since 2009, In 2014,28% of young men were

living with a spouse of partner in their own home, while 35% were living in the

home of their parent(s). Young women, however,are still more likely to be

living with a spouse of romantic partner(35%) than they are to be living with

their parent(s)(29%).

F) In 2014, more young women (16%) than young men (13%) were heading up

a household without a spouse or is mainly because women are

more likely than men to be sigle parents living with their children. For their part,

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young men (25%) are more likely than young women (19%) to be living in the

home of another family member, a non- relative or in some type of group

quarters.

G) A variety of factors contribute to the long-run increase in the share of young.

Adults living with the parents. The first in the postponement of, if not retreat

from, marriage. The average age of first marriage has risen steadily for

decades. In addition, a growing share of young adult may be avoiding

marriage altogether. A previous Pew Research Center analysis projected that

as many as one- in-

four of today’s young adult may never marry. While

cohabitation

< br>（同居）

has been on the rise, the overall share of young adults

either married or living with an unmarried patner has substantially fallen since

1990.

H) In addition, trends in both employment status and wages have likely

contributed to the growing share of young adults who are living in the home of

their parent(s), and this is especially true of young men. Employed young men

are much less likely to live at home than young men without a job, and

employment among young men has fallen significantly in recent decades. The

share of young men with jobs peaked around 1960 at 84%. In 2014, only 71%

of 18-to-34-year-

old men were employed. Similarly with earnings, young men’s

wages (after adjusting for inflation) have been on a downward trajectory (

轨迹

)

since 1970 and fell significantly form 2000 to 2010. As wages have fallen ,the

share of young men living in the home of their parent(s) has risen.

I) Economic factors seem to explain less of why young adult women are

increasingly likely to live at home. Generally, young women have had growing

success in the paid labor market since 1960 and hence might increasingly be

expected to be a be to afford to afford to live independently of their parents.

For women, delayed marriage

—

which is related, in part, to labor market

outcomes for men

—

may explain more of the increase in their living in the

family home.

J) The Great Recession (and modest recovery) has also been associated with

an increase in young adults living at home. Initially in the wake of the recession,

college enrollments expanded, boosting the ranks of young adults living at

home. And given the weak job opportunities facing young adults, living at

home was part of the private safety net help young adults to weather the

economic storm.

K) Beyond gender, young adult’s living arrangements differ cons

iderable by

education

—

which is tied to financial means. For young adults without a

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bachelor’s degree, as of 2008 living at home with their parents was more

prevalent than living with a romantic partner. By 2014, 36% of 18-to

34-year- olds who had not comple

ted a bachelor’s degree were living with their

parent(s) while 27% were living with a spouse or partner. Among college

graduates, in 2014 46% were married or living with a partner, and only 19%

were living with their parent(s). Young adults with a college degree have fared

much better in the labor market than their less-educated counterparts, which

has in turn made it easier to establish their own households.

oyed young men are more likely to live with their parents than the

employed.

2014, the percentage of men aged 18 to 34 living with their parents was

greater than that of their female counterparts.

percentage of young people who are married or live with a partner has

greatly decreased in the past three decades or so.

the mid-20th century, only 20 percent of 18- to 34-year-old lived in

their parents’ home.

adults with a college degree found it easier to live independently of

their parents.

men are less likely to end up as single parents than young women.

young adult women live with their parents than before due to delayed

marriage.

percentage of young men who live with their parents has grown due to

their decreased pay in recent decades.

rise in the number of college students made more young adults live

with their parents.

reason for young adults to live with their parents is that get married late

or stay single all their lives.

36-40 HEGBK