英文毕业论文 浅析英语体育新闻词汇的特点及翻译策略

缩

略语以及部 分使用修辞的词汇的翻译；意译，即将词汇的隐含意义翻译出来，

不拘泥于其表面形式< /p>

,

大多数修辞性词汇，如

:

隐喻、

转喻的词汇

,

以及俚 语的翻

译应使用意译。本文旨在通过浅析英语体育新闻的词汇特点及其翻译方法，使

读者对英语体育新闻有更深的认识，减少阅读中的障碍，准确理解新闻所要传

递的信息，进而促进不同国家民族之间体育信息的交流与发展。

关键词：

英语体育新闻；词汇特点；直译；意译

I

Abstract

Sport

is

the

sign

of

social

civilization.

The

hosting

of

the

famous

2008

Beijing

Olympic

Games has greatly aroused people's enthusiasm to sports. Sports news becomes an important way

for people to understand the sports events and pay more attention to the development of world

sports.

In

addition

to

the

general

features

of

news,

English

sports

news

has

its

own

unique

language characteristics and stylistic features.

The

thesis

mainly

studies

the

words

by

taking

famous

newspapers

and

magazines

as

examples

.

The vocabulary in English sports news is quite complex and full of various types. The

thesis

analyses

its

four

lexical

features:

sports

terminology,

abbreviations,

rhetoric

and

slang.

However, different types of words have their own translation methods . In the thesis, the author

briefly

introduces

two

kinds

of

translation

methods

based

on

the

theory

of

“

functional

e

quivalence”

: literal translation, namely we can literally translate the vocabulary, so the method

is mainly used for the translation of sports terminology, abbreviations and some rhetorical words;

free translation, which means we must accurately express the words' implied

meaning, but not

focus

on

its

forms.

Therefore,

free

translation

is

frequently

applied

in

the

translation

of

most

rhetorical vocabulary that using rhetoric such as metaphor and metonymy, and slang. The thesis

briefly

analyses

the

lexical

features

and

its

translation

methods

in

English

sports

news,

which

aims at making readers have a deeper understanding of English sports news, reducing the barriers

in

reading,

comprehending

the

sports

message

that

the

news

intends

to

convey,

and

finally

promoting the exchange and development of sports events among different nations.

Key words:

English Sports News; Lexical Features; Literal Translation; Free Translation

II

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements ...................... .................................................. ...............

错误！未定义书签。

摘要

.

.. .................................................. .................................................. ...........................................

I

Abstract ...... .................................................. .................................................. ................................ II

Table of Contents ..................... .................................................. .................................................. .

III

Chapter1 Introduction .................................................. .................................................. .................

1

1.1 Research Background

.

.......................................... .................................................. ...........

1

1.2 Aim and Significance of Research ................. .................................................. .................

1

1.3 Organization of the Thesis

< br>.

................................... .................................................. ...........

2

Chapter2 Literature Review ............ .................................................. ..............................................

3

2.1 English Sports News ...................................... .................................................. .................

3

2.1.1 The Definition of News

................................................. .........................................

3

2.1.2 The Introduction of English Sports News .............. ................................................

4

2.2 The Theory of “Functional Equivalence”

.

...................................... ...................................

4

2.2.1 Definition of “Functional Equivalence”

....................................... ..........................

4

2.2.2 Main Contents of “Functional Equivalence”

.

... .................................................. ....

5

2.2.3

The

Links

between

“Functional

Equivalence”

and

English

Sports

News

V

ocabulary

.

5

2.3 Researches at Home and Abroad

................................ .................................................. ....

6

Chapter3 Lexical Features of English Sports News

................................................. .......................

8

3.1 Sports Terminology ................ .................................................. .........................................

8

3.2 Abbreviations .................................... .................................................. ..............................

9

3.3 Rhetoric

......................................... .................................................. ................................

1

0

3.3.1 Metaphor .................................................. .................................................. ..........

1

0

3.3.2 Metonymy ........................ .................................................. ..................................

1

0

3.4 Slang

.

............................... .................................................. .............................................. 11

III

3.5 Summary ........................... .................................................. ............................................

1

3

Chapter4 Lexical Translation of English Sports News

.

.................................. ...............................

1

4

4.1 Literal Translation ...................................... .................................................. ...................

1

4

4.2 Free Translation

.

............................................. .................................................. ...............

1

5

Chapter 5 Conclusion

....... .................................................. .................................................. .........

1

7

5.1 Major Findings ................................... .................................................. ...........................

1

7

5.2 Suggestions for Further Research

.

1

8

5.3 Summary .. .................................................. .................................................. ...................

1

8

Bibliography

.

... .................................................. .................................................. ..........................

1

9

IV

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Chapter1 Introduction

The study of English sports news has a long history, which has expanded from stylistics to

linguistics.

The

thesis

focuses

on

the

word

level.

This

chapter

is

made

up

of

three

parts:

the

research background, the aim and significance of research and the organization of the thesis.

1.1 Research Background

With

the

rapid

development

of

information

industry,

the

widespread

cooperation

and

communication among countries are becoming closer and closer. The world is gradually turning

into

a

global

village,

in

which

all

kinds

of

news

are

provided

and

shared

fast,

efficiently

and

conveniently. As one kind of news, sports news plays an important role in social and cultural life.

Sport

is

the

symbol

of

social

civilization.

At

the

same

time,

it

is

international,

so

we

need

to

deliver

the

latest

sports

news

to

meet

the

demands

of

fans

across

the

world.

On

the

occasion,

more and more English sports news appears on newspapers, magazines, TVs and Internet every

day. English sports news is a type of news, having its unique language features and writing styles,

therefore, many scholars have studied various aspects of English sports news. However, scholars

mainly regard sports news as a whole entity to study its linguistic aspects such as foregrounding

and

whole

features,

such

as

the

stylistic

features

or

language

characteristics.

Few

have

paid

attention to the study of specific details, including the words, tone and so on. Based on previous

studies

on

English

sports

news,

the

thesis

mainly

focuses

on

the

lexical

features

and

its

translation.

1.2 Aim and Significance of Research

Today, sport has become an indispensable part of people's life, and the whole world is paying

more

and

more

attention

to

the

development

and

transmission

of

sports.

Therefore,

in

the

newspaper or magazine, the sports news section occupies a large section. Sports information is

interactional all over the world. English is referred to as a universal language, so the best way to

know the latest and precise sports news is to read English sports news. As a type of news, English

sports

news

aims

to

transfer

information,

so

it

must

be

easy

to

understand.

However,

English

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sports news has its unique styles and language features. The thesis selects the vocabulary to study,

because it is the basis to understand the news.

The

thesis

specifically

analyses

the

lexical

features

and

translation

methods

through

the

examples

of

famous

newspaper

and

magazine,

which

aims

to

help

readers

learn

some

professional words and presentation skills, and finally understand the sports news properly.

1.3 Organization of the Thesis

The thesis briefly analyses the lexical features and its translation in English sports news. It

consists of five chapters.

The

first

chapter

is

the

introduction,

indicating

the

research

background

and

its

aim

and

significance.

The

second

chapter

is

literature

review,

including

three

parts:

the

meaning

of

English

sports

news,

including

the

definition

of

news

and

sports

news,

the

introduction

of

the

theory of “functional equivalence”

and research at home and abroad, The third chapter is devoted

to

the

lexical

features

of

English

sports

news,

consisting

of

four

features:

use

of

sports

terminology, abbreviations, rhetoric and slang. The forth chapter briefly introduces two kinds of

translation

skills

of

English

sports

news

vocabulary

based

on

the

theory

of

“functional

equivalence”:

lite

ral

translation

and

free

translation.

The

fifth

chapter

draws

a

conclusion,

summarizing the major findings of the thesis and making suggestions for future research.

2

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Chapter2 Literature Review

In this chapter, the author first introduces the meaning of English sports news, including the

definition

of

news,

some

features

of

sports

news

and

English

sports

news.

Then

the

author

precisely expresses one theory of translation,

“

functional e

quivalence”

. Finally, the author states

the previous research on features of English sports news at home and abroad, and some theories

about its translation.

2.1 English Sports News

In the part, we will introduce what news is, then give a brief definition of sports news and

English sports news.

2.1.1 The Definition of News

We have to admit it is easier to identify

the news than make the definition of news. Many

definitions have been given to

“news”, among which there is a well

-known saying: it is not news

when

a

dog

bites

a

man,

but

absolutely

news

when

you

find

a

man

bites

a

dog.

The

man-bites-dog definition, though sounds absurd, fully illustrates one of the widely accepted news

value, the unusual, bizarre nature of a recently happened event.

Different definitions have been given to

“news”

at different times and in distinct places. In

Tang Dynasty (618-906AD), when a handwritten or

wood-block-printed

gazette

was

published

for the emperor and his subordinates, news was things happening to and around the emperor.

According

to

Modern

Chinese

Dictionary

(2002),

news

is:

A:

the

domestic

and

foreign

information

reported

from

the

newspapers

or

broadcasting

stations;

B:

the

latest

news

events

happening in our society. The definition of news from

Chinese Words Encyclopedia

(Lu Dingyi,

2002) says that: A: current political or social events reported by the newspapers, news agencies,

broadcasting

stations

or

TV

stations,

which

calls

for

the

requirements

of

being

speedy,

timely,

true,

succinct

and

based

on

facts.

It

has

many

forms:

information,

correspondence,

features,

survey

reports,

news

photos,

television

news

etc;

B:

something

talked

by

people

which

is

interesting

and

novel.

The

definition

accepted

in

Chinese

academic

circles

as

standard

is

that

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news is the reporting of recent events.

From all the definitions above, we can summarize the definition of news as follow: news is

the reporting of recent events which have certain social values and can arouse people's interests

widely.

2.1.2 The Introduction of English Sports News

After making clear of what news is, we can comprehend the meaning of sports news easily.

Sports

news

is

a

type

of

news,

transmitting

related

information

about

sports

games

and

fitness

activities.

It also represents a kind of spirit, that is, challenging ourselves, surpassing ourselves,

defeating

ourselves

and

finally

pursuing

perfect.

Sports

news

mainly

report

competitive

sports

games, and it focuses on entertainment and leisure. Moreover, sports news is international. Thus,

as English is used around the world, English sports news tends to be more and more important.

However, English sports news is different from the other kinds of news. It has its own lexical

features and stylistics features, and the thesis will analyze its lexical features in chapter 3.

2.2

The Theory of “Functional Equivalence”

In

19

64,

Nida

put

forward

the

concept

of

“dynamic

equiv

a

lence”

in

his

book

Toward

a

Science

of

Translation.

Later

at

the

end

of

1980,

he

rendered

his

“dynamic

equi v

ale

nce”

into

“

functional equivalence”

and interpreted that the meaning of these two concepts are just the same.

However, he prefers the concept of “functional equivalence” for the convenience of describing

the degrees of adequacy of a translation.

2.2

.1 Definition of “Functional Equivalence”

Functional

equivalence

implies

different

degrees

of

adequacy

from

minimal

to

maximal

effectiveness.

A

minimal

realistic

definition

and

a

maximal

ideal

definition

could

be

stated

respectively as follow:

“The readers of a translated text should be able to comprehend it to the point that they can

conceive of how t

he original readers of the text must have understood and appreciated it.”

“The readers of a translated text should be able to understand and appreciate it in essentially

4

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the

same manner as the original readers did.”

(Nida, 1998: 118)

2.2.2 Main Content

s of “Functional Equivalence”

In

his

book

Language,

Culture,

and

Translating,

Nida

has

distinguished

degrees

of

his

“functional

equivalence”

from

the

aspects

of

cognitive

and

experiential

factors,

namely,

the

minimal, realistic “functional equivalence”

and

the maximal, ideal “functional equivalence”

that

we

have

discussed

above.

Nida

stresses

that

anything

less

than

that

minimal

degree

of

equivalence should be unacceptable, while that “maximal level of equivalence is rarely, it never

achieved except for tex

ts have little or no aesthetic value and involving only routine information”

(ibid.).

“Functional equivalence”

is the soul of Nida's overall theory of

“principle of equivalence.”

From early 1960s to 1990s, Nida didn't stop studying and perfecting his theory and tried to make

it more scientific and useful. The improvement lies in two aspects: first, the degree of functional

equivalence has been clearly divided into two scales, which makes the principle more practicable;

secondly,

Nida's

minimal,

realistic

d

efinition

of

“functional

equivalence”

is

more

definite,

concrete and understandable.

According to Nida's theory, the fundamental principle of translation is equivalence. In order

to have a better understanding of Nida's “functional equivalence”, one mus

t bear his following

words in mind.

“In general it is best to speak of ?functional equivalence?

in terms of a range of

adequacy, since no translation is ever completely equivalent. A number of different translations

can

in

fact

represent

varying

degrees

of

equivalence.

The

means

that

?equivalence?

cannot

be

understood

in

its

mathematical

meaning

of

identity,

but

only

in

terms

of

proximity,

i.e.

on

the

basis of degrees of closeness to functional identity”(Nida,199

3:117).

2.2.3 The Links between

“Functional Equivalence”

and English Sports News Vocabulary

English

sports

news

has

its

own

unique

language

style,

stylistic

features

and

special

vocabulary,

which

may

be

different

from

the

receptor

language,

so

we

cannot

just

translate

literally

without

considering

its

influence

and

the

culture

of

target

language.

The

function

of

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sports news is to deliver latest sports information to readers, so its aim is to make sure the readers

grasp

the

implied

meaning

of

the

information.

When

translating,

we

need

not

to

pursue

the

complete

equivalence

of

the

forms,

what

we

should

focus

on

is

its

implied

message

or

its

function to the readers. That is just what the theory of

“functional equivalence”

advocates.

English

sports

news

vocabulary

is

the

main

part

of

the

whole

piece

of

news,

only

if

we

interpret the vocabulary accurately can we ensure the achievement of the

news?

function. Because

of

the

features

of

English

sports

news

vocabulary,

it

is

necessary

to

apply

the

theory

of

“functional equivalence”

to its translation.

2.3 Researches at Home and Abroad

Nowadays, with the development of sports and the increased link among countries, more and

more people pay attention to sports. Various kinds of mass media as newspapers, magazine, and

TVs constantly introduce the development of world sports to people. On the occasion, English

sports

news

appears,

which

is

a

bridge

linking

the

world

sports

and

culture.

Therefore,

it

is

necessary

to

analyze

and

comprehend

the

language

features

and

translation

skills

of

English

sports news, which has the significant meaning to the development of sports in our country and

the cross-culture communication with the world.

For

the

lexical

features

of

English

sports

news,

there

are

various

sayings

according

to

different measures. The study of lexical features of English sports news is a hot topic for scholars.

Many researchers have analyzed its lexical features by investigating the language phenomenon in

English

sports

news.

Bruce

Garrison

(2002)

gave

a

detailed

introduction

of

the

sports

news

vocabulary, and pointed out the problems in translation. Xiong Wei (2008) concluded the lexical

features

from

the

aspect

of

application

and

mainly

mentioned

six

features.

Fu

Rong

(2009)

studied the lexical features from

lexicology aspect, and Wang Lili (2008) studied the topic from

the aspect of linguistics.

As

for

the

lexical

translation

of

English

Sports

News,

there

are

many

kinds

of

translation

strategies, while the author prefers to the common ones: literal translation and free translation.

6