-
概述
Introduction
中华民族是一个古老的民族，
也是一个有深厚文化底蕴的民族。
中国的传统艺术门类繁
多、
雅俗共赏，
从悠扬动人的民间音乐到细腻缠绵的地方戏曲，
从疏洁淡雅的水墨画
到刚柔
并济的书法，无不闪烁着智慧之光，令人赞叹不已。
China, a nation of long
history with profound culture, inherited and
developed a great variety
of
traditional
art
forms
which
suit
both
refined
and
popular
tastes.
From
the
melodious
and
pleasant
folk
music
to
the
elaborate
and
touching
local
dramas,
form
the
simple
but
elegant
inkwash
painting
to
the
flexible
and
power
calligraphy,
one
can
always
discern
the
light
of
sparkling wisdom.
Traditional Chinese arts have tremendously
impressed the world.
舞狮
舞狮大
约起源于南北朝时期，到了唐朝，狮子舞已发展为上百人集体表演的大型歌舞。
舞狮在中
国是一项传统体育项目，也是一种传统文化艺术，从北方到南方，从城市到乡村，
逢年过
节及庆典盛事，
都可以看到欢快的舞狮。
民间认为舞狮可以很好
地把百姓的欢喜心情
表达出来，
也最能烘托热闹气氛。
舞狮尤以广东地区一带最为盛行。
用来舞动的狮子外形威
武，动作刚劲，神态多变，广东人称它为
“
醒狮
”
。中国百姓对狮子有图腾般的崇敬感，狮子
在民间有很多传说，
其位置仅次于龙，
因此舞狮也就带有了不少
神秘色彩。
人们相信狮子是
吉祥瑞兽，
而舞狮能够带来好运，所以每逢节日和喜庆活动，
都会舞狮助兴，祈求吉利和如
意。专用于节庆场合纳福迎祥的舞狮，代代相传，
从古代民间传统的娱乐
活动，发展成为具
有健身功能的体育运动。舞龙和舞狮的热闹场面在中国的电影中也是很
常见的。
Lion Dance
The lion dance originated in the
northern and southern Dynasties, developing into
large scale
singing and dancing
performed by hundreds of people collectively in
the Tang Dynasty.
The lion dance is a
traditional sport in china, as well as a kind of
traditional culture and art.
Form the
North to the South, form cities
to
countries,
people can see cheerful lion
dances on
New Year’s Day and
on
other festivals and celebrations.
Folk people believe that the lion dance
can express people’s feelings of joy,
and it can also set off lively atmosphere. The
lion dance is
more popular in Guangdong
area. The lion which is used to perform has mighty
appearances,
vigorous movements, and
variable bearings. People in Guangdong call it the
“awaking lion”.
The Chinese
people have a totemistic worship of the lion and
have a lot of legends about lions.
The
li0on’s
position
is
only
next
to
the
dragon
so
that
it
br
ings
a
mystery
to
the
lion
dance.
People believe that the lion is a lucky
beast that expresses joy and happiness. Therefore,
the lion
dance
plays
an
important
role
at
official
celebrations
and
happy
events
to
summon
luck
and
fortune.
This
feat
is
passed
on
form
generation
to
generation,
form
an
ancient
traditional
entertainment
activity
to
an
athletic
sport.
The
lion
dance
and
dragon
dance
often
appear
in
Chinese films.
吉祥图案
中国民间，流传着许多含有吉祥意义的图案。每到年节或喜庆的日子，人们都喜欢用这
些
吉祥图案装饰自己的房间和物品，以表示对幸福生活的向往，对良辰佳节的庆贺。
中国的吉祥图案始于距今
3000
多年前的
周代，后来在民间流传开来。今天，吉祥图案
任然是中国人生活中不可缺少的内容。
1
中国的吉
祥图案内容及其广泛，这里介绍最常见的几种：
：
“
双喜
”
字，是双喜临门，大
吉大利的意思，民间常在办喜事时采用。
“
寿
”
字，字头经过加工美化，变成对称的图案，是长寿
的意思。
“
福寿双全
”
，是由蝙蝠和寿字组成的图案。
“
< br>蝠
”
与
“
福
”
同音。表示幸福长寿。
两个
“
有
”
字组成的对称图案，意思是顺也有，倒也有。在中国农村常用来贴在收藏谷物
的器具上，表示丰收富裕。
“
百吉
”
，也叫
“
盘长
”
。它无头无尾，无始无终，可以想象为许
多个
“
结
”
，
< br>谐
“
百吉
”
之音，
作为百事吉祥如意的象征，
也有福寿延绵，
永无休止的意思。
“
五
福捧寿
”
，图案中
5
< br>个蝙蝠环绕一个寿字。五福是长寿、富贵、康宁、道德、善终。
“
四合如意
”
，
4
个如意从四面围拢勾连起来，象征诸事如意。
Images of Blessing
There are many images which are meant
to give good blessings in China. In the festivals
or
celebrations, people like decorating
their houses and devices, for the blessing of a
happy life and
to celebrate the
festivals.
The images of blessing in
China started in the Zhou Dynasty around 3000
years ago. Until
today, the images of
blessing are still an important content of the
Chinese life.
The content of the images
of blessing are quite broad, but here we introduce
several kinds that
are more popular:
Shuangxi
—
double
happiness. It means happiness and luck. It is
normally used in weddings.
Shou
—
longevity.
It has been designed and prettified to be
symmetrical, which means health
and
long life.
Fushoushuangquan
—
Luck and health. It has the image of a
bat and the word shou. In Chinese,
the
pronunciation of the bat is similar to that of
luck, therefore it has the meaning of luck and
long life.
A
symmetrical
image with two
you. The you
means having
and wealthy
in Chinese. In the
counties of China, people post the
image on the utensils for storing food, meaning a
good and
fruitful harvest.
Baiji is also called panchang. It can
be imagined as the endless ties, which have the
similar
pronunciation as jie in
Chinese. The meaning of baiji is endless luck in
life.
Wufupengshou
—
Five
bats
bring
long
life.
There
are
five
bats
surrounding
the
word
shou.
Taking
the pronunciation of the word bat, it means five
different kinds of good aspects: long life,
wealth, health, virtue, and happy end.
Sihe ruyi
—
Four
s-shaped wands are enclosed and connected with
each other on four sides,
symbolizing
everything goes as one wishes.
小孩儿满月与抓周
在中国，小孩儿的
满月酒和抓周仪式独具特色。在孩子的成长过程中，这两个仪式有里
程碑式的纪念意义。
小孩儿出生满一个月的那天，孩子的家人一般要招呼亲朋挚友
，邀请他们一起来庆祝孩
子满月。按照中国的传统，这一天，家里会充满了喜庆和节日的
氛围，满月酒要办得热热
闹闹才行。不过最近这些年，这个习俗在城市尤其是年轻夫妇中
有逐渐被淡化的趋势。但
是，小孩儿满月对于每个家庭来说，任然都是一个非常值得纪念
的高兴的日子。
“
抓周儿
”
中的在
“
周
”
是小孩儿满一周岁的意思。关于：
“
抓周儿
”
，最早记载于北齐。
“
抓
周儿
”
也就是在小孩儿满周岁那天，吃中午的长寿面之前，摆上经书、笔、墨、纸、砚、
2
算盘、钱币、账册、首饰、花朵、胭脂、吃食、玩具等，如
果是女孩儿则要加摆铲子、勺
子（炊具）
、剪子、尺子（缝纫用
具）
、绣线、花样子（刺绣用具）
，再由大人将小孩抱来，
令其端坐，父母及他人不给予任何的引导或暗示，任孩子随意挑选，看他先抓什么，后抓
什么，并以此为依据来预测孩子可能存在的志趣和将从事的职业以及前途。
< br>
One-Month-Old Feast and
One-Year-Old Catch (Zhuazhou) of Babies
In
China,
the
one-month-old
feast
and
one-year-old
catch
of
a
baby
are
of
unique
Chinese
characteristics. These two ceremonies
are of milestone-like significance in the growing
process
of a baby.
On the
day when a baby is a month old, the family of the
baby will invite their friends and
relatives
to
a
ceremony
to
celebrate
the
occasion
.
In
a
traditional
one-month-old
ceremony,
there
will
be
a
rejoicing
and
festive
atmosphere
in
the family
and
the
feast
is
supposed
to
be
lively and joyful.
However, in recent years this custom
has been gradually abandoned among
city
dwellers, especially among young couples.
Nevertheless, the one-month-old ceremony of a
baby still remains a memorable and
happy moment for every family.
Zhou
in
the
word
zhuazhou
means
“a
baby
is
one
year
old”.
The
earliest
historical
record
about zhuazhou
appeared during the Dynasty of
northern
Qi. On
the day when a baby is a
year
old,
The
family
of
the
baby
will
lay
out
sutras,
brush
pens,
ink
sticks,
paper,
ink
slabs,
abacus, copper coins, account books,
jewelries, flowers, rouge, foods, toys, etc. For
girls, scoops,
scissor-cut(articles for
embroidery) will be added. The parents then put
the baby in front of these
articles and
make it sit up. Nobody will give any instruction
or cue to the baby so that it is left
free to choose by itself. Watching the
baby catch the articles it likes, the family can
then make
predictions about its
potential interests, future career and
development.
十二属相
中国民间有一个传统习俗，人一出生，就有一种动物作他的属相。属相，也叫
“
生肖
”
，
是中国民间传
统的纪年和计算年龄的方法。
中国古代的纪年法是帝王年号与
“
干支
”
并用
，其中
“
干支纪年法
”
从史书上有明文记载的
公元前
841
< br>年
（庚申年）
，
一直沿用到现在
。
“
干
”
是<
/p>
“
天干
”
，
由
10
个字组成，
这
10
个字是：
甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、
己、庚、辛、壬、癸。
“
支
”
是
“
地支
”
，由
12
个字组成，这
1
2
个字
是：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戌、亥
。把天干的
10
个字和地支的
12
个字按顺序配合起来，可以得到
60
种排列
，如：甲子、乙丑、丙寅
……
这
60
种排列周而
复始，循环使用，每
60<
/p>
年叫做
“
一个甲子
”
。如公历的
2001
年，是农历的
辛巳年，公历的
2002
年，是农历的壬午年，而
60
年后，
2061
年又是
辛巳年，
2062
年又是壬午年。从东汉
（
25-220
）时开始，人们又用鼠、牛、虎、兔、蛇、马
、羊、猴、鸡、狗、猪
12
种动物来
配
十二地支，组成了十二生肖，也叫十二属相。这就是：子鼠、丑牛、寅虎、卯兔、辰龙、
巳蛇、午马、未羊、申猴、酉鸡、戌狗、亥猪。这样，子年是鼠年，丑年是牛年，寅年是
虎年
……
于是，每个人一出生，就有一种动物作他的属相。子年
出生的属鼠，丑年出生的
牛，寅年出生的属虎，以此类推。
<
/p>
现在，中国人在用公历纪年和计算年龄的同时，任然习惯用属相纪年和推算年龄。
Twelve Symbolic
Animals
It is traditional in China,
when a person is born, one animal (shuxiang) is
used to symbolize
this
year.
Shuxiang,
also
called
shengxiao
(any
of
the
12
animals
representing
the
Earthly
3
Branches), is a traditional way in
China to number the years and to record a person’s
age.
The ancient Chinese
people invented the method to designate the year
by the Heavenly Stems
and Earthly
Branches. The Heavenly Stems consist of ten
characters: jia (Heavenly Stem one),
yi(Heavenly Stem Two), bing(Heavenly
Stem Three), ding(Heavenly Stem Four), wu(Heavenly
Stem
Five),
ji(Heavenly
Stem
Six),
geng(Heavenly
Stnm
Seven),
xin(Heavenly
Stem
Eight),
ren(Heavenly Stem
Nine), and gui(Heavenal Stem Ten). And the Earthly
Branches are composed
of 12 characters:
zi(Earthly Branch One), chou(Earthly Branch Two),
yin(Earthly Branch Three),
mao(Earthly
Branch
Four),
chen(Earthly
Branch
Five),
si(Earthly
Branch
Six),
wu(Earthly
Branch Seven),
wei(Earthly Branch Eight), shen(Earthly Branch
Nine), you(Earthly Branch Ten),
xu(Earthly Branch Eleven), and
hai(Earthly Barch Twelve). Combining each of the
10 Heavenly
stems with one of the 12
Earthly Baranches in sequence creates 60
chronological symbols. For
example,
jiazi(Heacenly
Stem
One
Earthly
Bratch
One),
yichou(Heavenly
Stem
Two
Earch
Two),Bingyin(Heavenly Stem Three
Earthly Branch Three), etc. These 60 symbols are
used in
circles and thus each year has
a chronological symbol. For example, 2001
corresponds to xinsi,
2002 to renwu in
the lunar calendar; after 60 years, 2061, once
again, corresponds to xinsi, and
2062,
to renwu .Later, people used 12 animals (rat, ox,
tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep,
monken,
rooster,
dog
and
pig)
to
correspond
to
the
12
Earthly
Branches,
forming
the
12
symbolic
Animals, namely, Earthly Branch One Rat, Earthly
Branch One Rat, Earthly Branch
Two Ox,
Earthly Branch Three Tiger, Earthly Branch Four
Rabbit, Earthly Branch Five Dragon,
Earthly Branch Six Snake, Earthly
Branch Seven House, Earthly Branch Eight
sheep, Earthly
Branch Nine
Monkey, Earthly Branch Ten Rooster, Earthly Branch
Eleven Dog, Earthly Branch
Twelve Pig.
Thus the zi year is the of the Rat, and the chou
year is the year of the Ox, and the
yin
year is the year of the Tiger, etc.
therefore, when a person is born, he
has an animal. The
year 2002 was a
renwu year under lunar calendar, also the Year of
House, and so children born
ini this
year are all House babies.
Even
though
the
Chinese
People
now
number
the
years
and
their
age
under
the
Gregorian
calendar,
they
still
continue
to
use
the
symbolic
animals.
As
long
as
people
know
a
person’s
probable age and his symbolic animal,
people can infer his exact age and year of birth.
文房四宝
自古以来，人们写字作画离不开纸、墨、笔、砚。这四种文具被称为
“
文房四宝
”
。
< br>
中国文房四宝的品种十分丰富。其中最著名的是宣纸，徽墨，湖笔和端砚。
纸
宣纸是一种
名贵的纸张，早在唐代，就已经作为贡品献给皇帝。由于这种纸的产地
在安徽省的宣城附
近，所以被人们称为
“
宣纸
”
。宣纸洁白、细密、均匀、柔软，拉力大，
吸水性强，墨色一落到纸上，
就能很快渗透，最能表现出中国书法和绘画的特点。由于宣
纸存放很长时间都不会破碎、
变色，也不易被虫蛀，所以，很多中国古代的宣纸字画保存
了几百年、上千年，仍然完好
无损。
墨
历代的中国书画家对用墨都十分讲究。安徽徽州生产的徽墨是中国最好的墨。徽墨
从唐朝
开始生产，到现在已经有
1000
多年的历史。由于制作徽墨的
原料中加入了名贵的
中药和香料，有的还加入了黄金，所以，这种墨不但色泽黑润，而且
香气浓郁，保存几十
年后仍然可以使用。
笔
文房四宝中的笔指毛笔。毛笔的生
产和使用可以追溯到几千年以前。毛笔的原料主
要是兽毛和竹管。制作一只好的毛笔要经
过
70
多道工序，制笔工人们要从千千万万根羊
毛、兔毛、黄鼠狼毛中一根一根地挑选，然后进行搭配组合，才能制成优质的毛笔。中国
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