-
.
专业整理
.
汉译英练习
之一:
1
、唐装是中国的传统服饰。从字面上看,唐装就是唐朝的服装,但是现代版的唐装与此没有任何关系,它
起源于清朝的满族服饰。
2001
年
APEC
会议上各国政要身着唐装亮相,从那时起,这款新型服饰才流行起
来并在国内外大受欢迎。唐装结合了中国的传统因素和西方的剪裁艺术。服装的基本造型
是中式领子,对
襟,手工盘扣,为了外型更美观,肩部加了衬垫。
2
、
上
世纪
70
年代末,
为了控制人口增长,
中国开始实行计划生育政策。
如今全国独生子女数量已超
2
亿。
他们的出现给家庭成员的关系带来了许
多变化。与有兄弟姐妹的孩子相比,独生子女有某些缺点,他们被
称为惯坏了的“小皇帝
”
。但同时,他们也有一定的优势,如自尊心、独立性和自我意识较强。他们不应被
p>
视为“问题孩子”
,他们是中国的未来和希望。
3
、黄河,长
5464
千米,是中国的第二长河,世界第五长河。若把中国比作昂首挺立的雄
鸡,黄河便是雄
鸡心脏的动脉
(artery)
。在中国古代史上,黄河被称为中华民族的“母亲”
,她哺育了千千万万中华儿
女。
黄河流域是中华民族的“摇篮(
cradle
)
”
,也是中国文化发祥地。在古代,这里曾经草木
茂密,植物丰盛,
我们的祖先便在这块广大的土地上劳动生息。
4.
木偶戏可以说是中国最古老的民间艺术(
folk art
p>
)形式之一,其历史可追溯到
2000
多年
前。到了宋
代(
Song
Dynas
ty
)
,所有社会阶层似乎都喜欢上了木偶戏。中国的民间艺术
家们使用包括木头、布、线在
内的各种原材料来制作木偶
(
p>
puppet
)
。
表演木偶戏时,
对话有时还伴着民歌和舞蹈。
其主题一般来自于
儿
童故事、寓言、神话和传说。
5.
相传有一年天下闹瘟疫,八仙(
The Eight Immo
rtals
)想到东海瀛洲采药解除人间的瘟疫。八位仙人
约定
八月十五在崂山山顶会面。会面后,各自拿出自己的宝物(
charm
< br>)
,倚物渡海。面对烟波浩淼的大海,
徐徐清风扑面而来
。八位仙人说说笑笑向大海彼岸漂去。之后民间流传谚语“八仙过海,各显神通”
,比喻
人们做某件事情或竞赛时,各自都有一套办法或本领。
6.
中国的筷子为人类文明做出了
巨大贡献。诺贝尔奖获得者李政道先生曾说:
“中国人早在春秋战国时代
就发明了筷子。
如此简单的两根东西,
却高妙绝伦地应
用了物理学上的杠杆
(leverage)
原理。
”
根据日本学
者的研究,人在用筷子夹食物时,有<
/p>
80
多个关节和
50
条肌肉在运动,并且与脑神经
(cranial nerves)
< br>有
关。因此,用筷子吃饭可以训练大脑。
7.
中国汉字是从图画、符号逐渐
演变形成的,汉字的书写和发展过程导致了书法艺术(
Chinese art of
calligraphy
)
的产生。<
/p>
不同于西方的油画,
中国的传统绘画有独特的表现形式。
由于最早的绘画和写字均
使用同样的工具,并且都是以线条为主,故有“
书画同源”之说。人物画、山水画和花鸟画均为传统绘画
的重要画种。中国传统绘画中一
般都有题诗或题字,诗、书、画因而汇合成一个艺术整体,给人以更加丰
厚的美学内涵。
8.
中
国农历七月初七的七夕节相当于西方国家的情人节。
牛郎织女的悲情故事赋予了这个节日
浓郁的浪漫
气息。传说这对被银河分开的恋人只能每年这个晚上在鹊桥上相会一次。过去
,女孩会举行仪式乞求织女
以获得智慧、巧手和美满婚姻。然而这些古老的传统和习惯正
在逐渐消失。
9.
中国的龙崇拜有五千年以上的历史。
封建
(
feudal
)
时代,
龙就成为了皇权
(
imperial
power
)
的象征,
中国的历代帝王
都自称“真龙天子”
,
并认为他们和
龙一样神圣不可侵犯。而今天,所有的中国人都以自
己是“龙的传人”而自豪。龙在中国
文化中占据着重要的地位,起着重大的影响。它是国家的象征、民族
的象征、文化的象征
,也是一个伟大的祖国迅速崛起的象征。
.
学习帮手
.
.
专业整理
.
10.
“面子”
(
face/
mianzi
)是中国传统文化里的一个重要概念。它在中国人的人际关系中
起着非常重要
的作用。中国人长期以来受提倡“和谐”的儒家思想(
Confucian thoughts/ideas
)的影响。对于他们来
说,
“有面子”是与他人维持和谐人际关系的重要方式。
“没面子”或者说“丢脸”是指一个人在公开场合
犯了令人尴尬的错误。而“
挽回面子”则是指一个人恢复了自己的名誉。
参考译文
1. Tangzhuang is a traditional Chinese
coat. Literally, it means Chinese clothes in the
Tang
Dynasty, but the modern version
bears no relationship with the clothes of the Tang
Dynasty. It
evolves from a kind of
Manchu clothing. Because it was worn by leaders
from different countries
in APEC in
2001, it became famous. From then on, this new
kind of clothing has enjoyed a great
popularity among Chinese people and
overseas. Tangzhuang combines traditional Chinese
elements
and western cutting methods.
Its basic style includes a Mandarin collar, front
opening and
hand-made Chinese knots.
Shoulder pads are inserted for better fit.
2. Since the end of the
1970s, China has carried out a national family
planning policy of
“
one
couple,
one
child
”
,
in
order
to
check
population
growth.
At
present,
the
number
of
single
children
has grown to more
than 2 billion nationwide. Their emergence has
brought about many changes in
relationships
among
family
members.
Compared
to
kids
with
siblings,
single
children
have
certain
shortcomings, which have earned them
the name of spoiled/ pampered
“
little
emperors
”
. But
meanwhile
they
have
certain
advantages,
such
as
greater
emphasis
on
self-
esteem,
stronger
sense
of independence and individuality.
Instead of being referred to as
“
problem
children
”
, they
should be treasured as
China
’
s Future.
3.
The
Yellow
River,
5464
kilometers
in
length,
is
the
second
longest
river
in
China
and
the
fifth
longest
in
the
world.
If
China
is
compared
to
a
rooster
which
holds
up
its
head
to
stand
upright,
Yellow River is the
rooster’
s heart artery. Known in
ancient history as the
“
moth
er
”
of the
Chinese nation, the Yellow River has
given life to hundreds of millions of Chinese.
It
’
s also
called
the
“
cradle
”
of the nation and the birthplace of its civilization. In ancient times,
the
Yellow
River
was
covered
with
luxuriant
trees
and
grass,
a
region
with
an
abundance
of
plant
life where Chinese
ancestors lived and worked.
4. Puppetry is perhaps one of the
oldest forms of folk art in China. Its history can
be dated
back to more than 2,000
years ago.
By
the
Song Dynasty, it
seemed that puppetry
had
been enjoyed
by all
social classes. Folk artists in China use various
kinds of materials to make puppets,
including
wood,
cloth
and
wire.
In
performances,
dialogues
are
carried
out
accompanied
sometimes
by folk songs and dances. The subject
matter is derived mainly from children's stories,
fables,
myths and legends.
5. According to legend, one year there
was a plague in the world. The Eight Immortals
decided
to go to Yingzhou in the East
Sea to collect some herbal medicine to cure
people. They agreed
to
meet
on
the
top
of
Laoshan
Mountain
on
August
15.
After
getting
together
at
the
appointed
time,
each
one
brought
along
his
own
unique
charms
which
could
protect
them
in
crossing
the
sea.
Facing
a
vast
expanse
of
misty,
rolling
waters
and
fresh
breeze,
the
Eight
Immortals
set
out
across
the
sea,
chatting
and
laughing
all
the
way.
From
then
on,
this
proverb
was
spoken:
“
The
Eight
Immortals
cross
the
sea,
each
one
showing
his
or
her
special
prowess.
”
It
means
that
when
people
do
something
together or
compete with each other, each displays his or her
own ways and skills.
.
学习帮手
.
.
专业整理
.
6. Chinese chopsticks have
greatly contributed towards human civilization.
Mr. Lee Tsung-dao,
a
Nobel
laureate,
once
said:
early
as
the
Warring
States
Period
Chinese
invented
chopsticks.
Although the two
sticks are so simple, the leverage principle in
physics has been perfectly
applied.
According
to
research
by
Japanese
scholars,
people
use
more
than
80
joints
and
50
muscles,
which are related to cranial nerves, to
eat food with chopsticks. Therefore, using
chopsticks
can exercise the brain.
7.
Chinese
characters
evolved
from
pictures
and
signs,
and
the
Chinese
art
of
calligraphy
developed
naturally
from
its
unique
writing
system.
Differing
from
western
oil
painting
Chinese
traditional
painting
possesses unique art forms. Since similar tools
were used for the earliest painting as
for
writing
and
lines
were
mainly
used
in
it,
painting
is
said
to
have
the
same
origin
as
calligraphy.
Chinese
paintings usually integrate poetry or calligraphy
with themes that include figures,
landscapes, flowers, birds and other
animals, which provides great aesthetic content.
8. Falling on the seventh
of the seventh lunar month, the Double Seventh
Festival in China is
what
Valentine’s
Day
to
the
western
countries.
The
tragic
story
about
the
cowherd
and
the
weaving
maid endows the festival with the
meaning of great romance. In the legend, the two
lovers who
are separated by the Milky
Way can only meet at the Magpie Bridge once in a
year on this night.
In
bygone
days,
girls
would
conduct
a
ceremony
to
beg
the
weaving
maid
for
wisdom,
dexterity
and
a
satisfying
marriage
in
the
future.
Yet
these
ancient
traditions
and
customs
are
gradually
dying
out.
9. The
worship of Chinese dragon has a history that is
longer than 5,000 years. In the feudal
era, the dragon became a symbol of
imperial power; and all the Chinese emperors of
different
dynasties
claimed
themselves
to
be
of
the
Divine
Dragons
that
should
not
be
offended.
Today,
all
the
Chinese
people
are
proud
of
being
Descendants
of
Dragons
The
dragon
has
an
important
position and influence in Chinese
culture for it is a symbol of the whole country, a
symbol of
Chinese people, a symbol of
Chinese culture, and a symbol of the rapid
development of our great
motherland.
10.
“
Face
”
is
an
important
concept
in
traditional
Chinese
culture.
It
plays
a
significant
role
in the inter-personal
relationship between Chinese people. For Chinese,
who are influenced for
a long time by
Confucian ideas that advocate
“
< br>harmony
”
,
“
having
face
”
is an important way
of
keeping
harmonious
relationship
with
others.
“
No
face
”
or
“
losing
face
”
means
that
someone
has
made
an
embarrassing
mistake
in
public,
while
“
saving
face
”
means
that
the
person
restores
his/her reputation.
汉译英练习之二:
1.
关于中国茶文化有一个传说:
茶是炎帝神农偶然发现的。
< br>一天,
他在树下烧水,
突然间发现远处有一只
野兔。于是他就去追那只野兔,但没追着。回来的时候,他发现一些树叶掉进了他烧开的水中,水已 变淡
黄。神农追赶野兔而累出一身汗,口干舌燥,尝了一口泛黄的开水,顿时口舌生津,
精神一振。由此,泡
茶的传统就流传下来了。
2.
春节是一年中最重要的节日。
中国人庆祝春节的方式可能略有不同,
但愿望几乎是相同的,<
/p>
他们希望家
人和朋友来年健康、幸运。春节打扫房屋是个非常古老
的习俗,甚至可以追溯到几千年前。灰尘在传统上
与“旧”联系在一起,所以打扫房屋和
扫除灰尘意味着辞“旧”迎“新”
。春节前几天,各家各户都打扫房
.
学习帮手
.
.
专业整理
.
屋,扫地,清洗日用品,清除蛛网和疏浚沟渠。人们兴高采烈做所有这些事情,希望来年好运。
3.
传统的中式婚礼中
,
新娘要蒙着红盖头,
在伴娘的伴随下,
由新郎手持的大红绸牵着,
慢慢地登上花轿。
在新娘乘花轿去
男方家的途中,颠花轿是必不可少的热闹场面。轿夫一起左摇右摆使花轿不稳,新娘坐
在
里面也是左摇右晃。有时,新郎就会向众人替新娘抱拳施礼求饶,众人则欢笑不止。这实际上是为了增
添成婚之日的喜庆气氛。
4.
普通话
(Mandarin)<
/p>
是中国的官方用语,
以北京语音和不同的北方方言为基础。
主要在中国北部和西南部
使用。
因为大部分的
普通话出现在北方,
因此也被中国人成为
“北方话”
。
说东北方言和西南方言的人之间
的沟通因为语音
不同可能存在困难,
而使用作为标准语言的普通话则能消除这样的困难。
新中国成立以来,
政府一直大力推广普通话。
5.
唐朝(
Tang
Dynasty
p>
)被历史学家认为是中国文明最辉煌的时期。唐朝的首都在长安。在与印度和中东
(
the
Middle
East
)的交流中,在他们的促进下,唐朝在许多领域里得到了长足的发展。唐朝是
文学和艺
术的黄金时期。
唐朝通过科举制度
(
civil
service
examinations
)
在全国选出优秀的儒家文人
(
Confucian
literati<
/p>
)为政府效力,而唐朝的政府体系在儒学官僚(
Confucia
n
bureaucratic
)的支持下也日臻完善。
公元
8
世纪中期,唐朝势力开始衰落。
6.
面子是某
个人在他人眼中的社会地位和名声。
中国人一生都用语言和行动维护和提升面子。
可以小到谁
先上电梯,也可以大到百万美元的合同授予。没有面子也就
没有了影响力。即使是无意中让别人没面子,
也是极其严重的冒犯(
dishonor
)
,可能意味着断绝关系。中国人不会公
开批评、忽视或取笑他人,即使是
开玩笑。点评别人的成绩时,也是先说优点,再讲不足
7.
在
中国,喝茶是一种仪式
(ritual)
,一种精致品味
(refined taste)
的展示。人们在饮茶的同时,也领<
/p>
略着
(take
delight
p>
in)
品茶的情趣之意。喝茶聊天是中国人中最流行的打发时间的方
式。过去,他们是以
进有名的茶馆
(teahouse)
而开始一天的生活的。中国的茶馆相当于法国的咖啡馆和英国的酒馆。人们到这
里不仅是为了喝茶。也是为了议论当地的新闻或对政治话题进行激烈的
(fur
ious)
争论。
8.
据最近的一项网上调查显示,
5
5%
的中国青年认为自己对生活缺乏热情,
71%
的人认为他们承受着巨大的
压力。焦虑普遍存在于当今的中国年轻人中。名车
、豪宅和优越的生活(
live a privileged life
)是人
们追求的目标。然而,与高昂的房价、教育支出和医疗费用相比,他们的
工资过低且增长缓慢,看不到脱
离困境的希望,焦虑因此而产生。
9.
传统中国绘画是一门独特
的艺术,
无论是风格还是技巧都与世界其他艺术门类迥然不同。
传统的日本绘
画可能算是例外,但是不要忘了,它是深受中国文化影响的。中国绘画采用
毛笔(
brush
)蘸墨汁或颜色,
灵
巧地挥洒(
wield
)在纸上。画家用深、浅、浓、淡的点和
线构成一幅图画。在优秀画家的手里,毛笔和
墨汁不仅是绘画的工具,也是画家艺术追求
的象征。
10.
二十四节气(
solar
terms
)的划分起源于黄河流域一带(
Yellow
River area
)
,是中国古代历法
(
calendar
)特有的重要组成部分和独特创造。在
古代中国,人们常用二十四节气来表示季节更替和气候
变化状况。节气的制定是我们祖先
在长期的农业生产实践中,逐步认识气象变化规律的结果。长期以来,
甚至直到今天,二
十四节气在中国的农牧业生产(
agricultural and animal
husbandry production
)中
一直起着重要
的作用。
参考译文:
1.
Legend
has
it
that
tea
was
discovered
by
Emperor
Shennong
by
accident.
One
day,
he
was
boiling
.
学习帮手
.
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-
-
-
-
-
-
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