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必修一
Unit1
Anne’s Best Friend
Do you want a friend whom you could
tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and
thoughts? Or are you afraid that your
friend would laugh at you, or would not understand
what you are going through? Anne Frank
wanted the first kind, so she made her diary
her best friend.
Anne
lived
in
Amsterdam
in
the
Netherlands
during
World
War
Ⅱ
.
Her
family
was
Jewish
so nearly twenty-five months before they were
discovered. During that time the
only
true friend was her
diary. She said, ”I
don’t want to set down a series of facts in a
diary as most people do, but I want
this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall
call my
friend Kitty.” Now read how she
felt after being in the hiding place since July
1942.
Thursday
15th
June, 1944
Dear Kitty,
I
wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be
outdoors for so long that I’ve grown
so
crazy about everything to do with nature. I can
well remember that there was a time
when a deep blue sky, the song of the
birds, moonlight and flowers could never have
kept me spellbound. That’s changed
since I was here.
…For
example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed
awake on purpose until half
past eleven
in order to have a good look at the moon by my
self. But as the moon gave
far
too
much
light,
I
didn’t
dare
open
a
window.
Another
time
five
months
ago,
I
happened to be upstairs at dusk when
the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until
the window bad to be shut. The dark,
rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds
hel
d me entirely in their
power; it was the first time in a year and a half
that I’d seen the
night face to
face…
…Sadly …I am only able
to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging
before very
dusty windows. It’s no
pleasure looking through these any
lon
ger because nature is one
thing that really must be experienced.
Yours,
Anne
第一单元
友谊
Reading
安妮最好的
朋友
你是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢？或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，
会不理解你
目前的困境呢？安妮·弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把<
/p>
日记
当成了她最好的朋友。
安妮在第二次世界大战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。
她一家人都是犹太人，
所以他们不得不躲藏起来，
否则他们就会被德国纳粹抓去。她和
她的家人躲藏了两年之后才被发现。在这段时间里，她唯一的忠
实朋友就是她的日记了。
她说，
“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我
的朋友，我要把我这个朋友称作基蒂”
。安妮自从
1
942
年
7
月起就躲藏在那儿了，现在
，来看看她的
心情
吧。
亲爱的基蒂：
我不知道这是不是因为
我长久无法出门的缘故，
我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
我记
得非常清楚，
以前，
湛蓝
的天空、
鸟儿的歌唱、
月光和鲜花，
从
未令我心迷神往过。
自从我来到这里，
这一切都变了。
……比方说，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到
1
1
点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。但是因
为月光太
亮了，我不敢打开窗户。还有一次，就在五个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开
着的。我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力
量镇住了。这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……
……令
人伤心的是……我只能透过脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然，窗帘悬挂在沾满灰尘的窗前，
但观
看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。
Using Language
Reading, listening and
writing
亲爱的王小姐：
<
/p>
我同班上的同学有件麻烦事。我跟我们班里的一位男同学一直相处很好，我们常常一起做家
庭作业，
而且很乐意相互帮助。我们成了非常好的朋友。可是，其他同学却开始在背后议
论起来，他们说我和
这位男同学在谈恋爱，这使我很生气。我不想中断这段友谊，但是我
又讨厌人家背后说闲话。我该怎
么办呢？
Reading and writing
尊敬的编辑：
我是苏州高中的一名<
/p>
学生
。我有一个难题，我不太善于同人们交际。虽然我的确试着去
跟班上的同学
交谈，但是我还是发现很难跟他们成为好朋友。因此，有时候我感到十分孤
独。我确实想改变这种现
状，但是我却不知道该怎么办。如果您能给我提些建议，我会非
常感激的。
Unit2
the Road to
Modern English
At the end
of the 16th century, about five to seven million
people spoke English.
Nearly all of
them lived in England. Later in the next century,
people from England made
voyages to
conquer other parts of the world, and because of
that, English began to be
spoken in
many other countries. Today, more people speak
English as their first, second
or a
foreign language than ever before.
Native English speakers can understand
each other even if they don’t speak the
same kind of English. Look at this
example:
British Betty:
Would you like to see my flat?
American Amy: Yes. I’d like to come up
to you apartment.
So why has English changed over time?
Actually all languages change and develop
when
cultures
meet
and
communicate
with each
other. At fist
the
English
spoken
in
England between about AD 450 and 1150
was very different from the English spoken
today.
It
was
base
more
on
German
than
the
English
we
speak
at
present.
Then
gradually between about AD 500 and
1150, English became less like German because
those
who
ruled
England
spoke
first
Danish
and
later
French.
These
new
settlers
enriched
the
English
language
and
especially
its
vocabulary.
So
by
the
1600’s
Shakespeare was able to make use of a
wider vocabulary than ever before. In 1620
some British settlers moved to America.
Later in the 18th century some British people
were taken to Australia to. English
began to be spoken in both countries.
Finally by the 19th century the
language was settled. At that time two big changes
in English spelling happened: first
Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah
Webster
wrote
The
American
Dictionary
of
the
English
language.
The
latter
gave
a
separate identity to American English
spelling.
English
now
is also
spoken
as
a
foreign
or second
language
in South
Asia.
For
example, India has a
very large number of fluent English speakers
because Britain ruled
India from 1765
to 1947. During that time English became the
language for government
and education.
English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia
and countries in Africa
such
as
South
Africa.
Today
the
number
of
people
learning
English
in
China
is
increasing rapidly. In fact, China may
have the largest number of English learners. Will
Chinese English develop its own
identity? Only time will tell.
第二单元
世界上的
英语
Reading
通向现代英语之路
16
世纪末期大约有
5
百万到
7
百万人说英语，几乎所有这些人都
生活
在英国。后来，在
17
世纪英国
人开始
航海征服了世界其它地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语了。如今说英语的人比以往任何时
候都多，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或外语。
以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相交流。请看以下例子：< p>
英国人贝蒂：
“请到我的公寓（
flat
）里来看看，好吗？”
美国人艾米：
“好的。我很乐意到你的公寓（
apartm
ent
）去。
”
那么，英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢？事实上，当不同文化互相交流渗透时，所有的语言都会
有所发展，有所变化。首先，在公元
450
年到
1150
年间，人们所说的英语跟今天所说的英语就很不
一样。当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。然后，渐渐地，大约在公元
800
年到
1150
年期间，
英语不那么像德语了。
因为那时的英国的统治者起初
讲丹麦语后来讲法语。
这些新的定
居者大大丰富了英语语言，特
别是在词汇方面。所以到
17
世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以
前任何
时期都大。在
1620
年，一些
英国人搬迁到美洲定居。后来，到了
19
世纪，有些英国人也被
送往澳大
利亚，两个国家的人都开始说英语了。
最后，
到
20
世纪，
英语才真正定形。
那时，
英语在拼写上发生了
两大变化：
首先，
塞缪尔·约翰逊编
写
了词典，后来，诺厄·韦伯斯特编纂了《美国英语词典》
，后者体现了美国英语拼写的不
同特色。
现在，英语在南亚也被当作外语或第二语言来说。比
如说，印度拥有众多讲英语很流利的人，这是因
为英国于
176
5
年到
1947
年统治过印度。在那期
间，英语成了官方语言和
教育
用语。在新加坡、马来
西亚和非洲其它国家，
比如南非，
人们也说英语。
目前在
中国学习
英语的人数正在迅速增
长。
事实上，
中国可能拥有世界上最多的英语学习者。中国英语
会发展出自己的特色吗？这只能由时间来回答了。
Using
Language
标准英语和方言
什么是标准英语？是在英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、印度、新西兰所说的英语吗？信
不信由你，
（世界上）没有什么标准英语。许多人认为，电视和收音机里所说的就是标准
英语，这是因为在早期
的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。然
而，在电视和收音机里，你也会听
出人们在说话时的差异。
<
/p>
当人们用不同于“标准语言”的词语时，那就叫做方言。美国英语有许多方言，特别是中西
部和南部
地区的方言，以及黑人和西班牙人的方言。在美国有些地区，即使是相邻城镇的
两个人所说的语言都
可能稍有不同。美国英语之所以有这么多的方言是因为美国人是来自
世界各地的缘故。
地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。
住在美国东部山区的一些人说着比较古老的英语方言。
当美国人从
一个地方搬到另一个地方时，他们也就把他们的方言随着带去了。因此，美国东南部山区的人同
美国
西北部的人所说的方言就几乎相同。美国是一个使用多种方言的大国。虽然许多美国
人经常搬迁，但
是他们仍然能够辨别、理解彼此的方言。
Unit3
Journey
Down the Mekong
My name is Wang Kun. Ever since middle
school, my sister Wang Wei and I have
dreamed
about
taking
a
great
bike
trip.
Two
years
ago
she
bought
an
expensive
mountain bike and
then she persuaded me to buy one. Last year, she
visited our cousins,
Dao Wei and Yu
Hang at their college if Kunming. They are Dai and
grew up in western
Yunnan Province near
the Lancang River, the Chinese part of the river
that is called the
Mekong River in
other countries.
Wang Wei soon got time
interested in cycling too.
After
graduating from college, we finally got the chance
to take a bike trip. I asked my
sister,
“Where are we going?” It was my sister who first
had the idea to cycle along the
entire
Mekong River from where it begins to where it
ends. Now she is planning our
schedule
for the trip.
I
am
fond
of
my
sister
but
she
has
one
serious
shortcoming.
She
can
be
really
stubborn. Although
she didn’t know the best way of getting to places,
she insisted that
she organize the trip
properly. Now I know that the proper way is always
her way. I kept
asking her, “When are
we leaving and when are we coming back?” I asked
her whether
she had looked at a map
yet. Of course she hadn’t; my sister doesn’t care
about details.
So
I
told
her
that
the
source
of
the
Mekong
is
in
Qinghai
Province.
She
gave
me
a
determined look -- the kind that said
she would not change her mind. When I told her
that our journey would begin at an
altitude of more than 5,000 meters, she seemed to
be excited about it. When I told her
the air would be hard to breathe and it would be
very cold, she said it would be an
interesting experience. I know my sister well.
Once
she has made up her mind, nothing
can change it. Finally, I had to give in.
Several months before our
trip, Wang Wei and I went to the library. We found
a
large atlas with good maps that
showed details of world geography. From the atlas
we
could see that the Mekong River
begins in a glacier to move quickly. It becomes
rapids
as
it
passes
through
deep
valleys,
traveling
across
western
Yunnan
Province.
Sometimes
the
river
becomes
a
water
fall
and
enters
wide
valleys.
We
were
both
surprised to learn that
half of the river is in China. After it leaves
China and high altitude,
the Mekong
becomes wide, brown and warm. As it enters
Southeast Asia, its pace slows.
It
makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys
to the plains where rice grows.
At
last, the river delta enters the South China Sea.