合同法中英文逐条对照版

2021年2月16日发(作者：wallet)

中华人民共和国合同法

Contract Law of the People's Republic of China

总则

第一章

一般规定

第二章

合同的订立

第三章

合同的效力

第四章

合同的履行

第五章

合同的变更和转让

第六章

合同的权利义务终止

第七章

违约责任

第八章

其他规定

分则

第九章

买卖合同

第十章

供用电、水、气、热力合同

第十一章

赠与合同

第十二章

借款合同

第十三章

租赁合同

第十四章

融资租赁合同

第十五章

承揽合同

第十六章

建设工程合同

第十七章

运输合同

第十八章

技术合同

第十九章

保管合同

第二十章

仓储合同

第二十一章

委托合同

第二十二章

行纪合同

第二十三章

居间合同

附则

1

总则

General Provisions

第一章

一般规定

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一条

【立法目的】

为了保护合同当事人的合法权益，

维护社会经济秩序，

促进社会

主义现代化建设，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is enacted in order to protect the lawful rights and interests of the contracting

parties,

to

maintain

social

and

economic

order,

and

to

promote

the

process

of

socialist

modernization.

第二条

【合同定义】

本法所称合同是平等主体的自然人、

法人、

其他组织之间设立、

变更、

< br>终止民事权利义务关系的协议。

婚姻、收养、监护等有关身份关系的协议，适用其他法律的规 定。

Article 2 A contract in this Law refers to an agreement among natural persons, legal persons or

other

organizations

as

equal

parties

for

the

establishment,

modification

of

a

relationship

involving the civil rights and obligations of such entities.

Agreements concerning personal relationships such as marriage,adoption, guardianship,

be governed by the provisions in other laws.

第三条

【平等原则】合同当事人的法 律地位平等，一方不得将自己的意志强加给另一方。

Article 3 Contracting parties shall have equal legal status, and no party may impose its will on the

other party.

第四条

【合同自由原则】

当事人依法享有自愿订立合同的权利，

任何单位和个人不得非法

干预。

Article

4

The

parties

have

the

right

to

lawfully

enter

into

a

contract

of

their

own

free

will

in

accordance with the law, and no unit or individual may illegally interfere therewith.

第五条

【公平原则】当事人应当遵循公平原则确定各方的权利和义务。

Article

5

The

parties

shall

adhere

to

the

principle

of

fairness

in

deciding

their

respective

rights

and obligations.

第六条

【诚实信用原则】当事人行使 权利、履行义务应当遵循诚实信用原则。

Article 6 The parties shall observe the principle of honesty and good faith in exercising their rights

and performing their obligations.

第七条

【遵纪守法原则】当事人订立 、履行合同，应当遵守法律、行政法规，尊重社会公

德，不得扰乱社会经济秩序，损害社 会公共利益。

Article

7

In

concluding

and

performing

a

contract,

the

parties

shall

comply

with

the

laws

and

administrative

regulations,

respect

social

ethics,

and

shall

not

disrupt

the

social

and

economic

order or impair the public interests.

第八条

【依合同履行义务原则】

依法成立的合同，

对当事人具有法律约束力。

当事人应当

按照约定履行自己的义务，不得擅自变更或者解除合同。

< br>

依法成立的合同，受法律保护。

2

Article 8 A lawfully established contract shall be legally binding on the parties thereto, each

of whom shall

perform its

own obligations in accordance with the terms of the contract, and no

party shall unilaterally modify or terminate the contract.

The contract established according to law is protected by law.

第二章

合同的订立

Chapter 2 Conclusion of Contracts

第九条

【订立合同的能力】

当事人订立合同，

应当 具有相应的民事权利能力和民事行为能

力。

当事人依法可以委托代理人订立合同。

Article 9 In entering into a contract, the parties shall

have appropriate capacities for civil rights

and civil acts.

A party may appoint an agent to enter into a contract on its behalf in accordance with the law.

第十条

【合同的形式】当事人订立合 同，有书面形式、口头形式和其他形式。

法律、

行政法规规定采用书面形式的，

应当采用书面形式。

当事人约定采用书面形式的，

应当采用书面形式。

Article 10 The parties may use written, oral or other forms in entering into a contract.

A contract shall be in written form if the laws or administrative regulations so

provide. A contract

shall be concluded in written form if the parties so agree.

第十一条

【书面形式】书面形式是指合同书、信件和数据电文（包括电报、电传、传真、

电子数据 交换和电子邮件）等可以有形地表现所载内容的形式。

Article

11

form

refers

to

a

form

such

as

a

written

contractual

agreement,

letter

,

electronic data text(including a telegram, telex, fax, electronic data exchange and e

-mail)that can

tangibly express the contents contained therein.

第十二条

【合同内容】合同的内容由当事人约定，一般包括以下条款：

（一）当事人的名称或者姓名和住所；

（二）标的；

（三）数量；

（四）质量；

（五）价款或者报酬；

（六）履行期限、地点和方式；

（七）违约责任；

（八）解决争议的方法。

当事人可以参照各类合同的示范文本订立合同。

Article 12 The contents of a contract shall be agreed upon by the parties, and shall generally

contain the following clauses:

(1) titles or names and domiciles of the parties;

(2) subject matter;

(3) quantity;

(4) quality;

(5) price or remuneration;

3

(6) time limit, place and method of performance;

(7) liability for breach of contract; and

(8) method to settle disputes.

The parties may conclude a contract by reference to a model text of each kind of contract.

第十三条

【订立合同方式】当事人订立合同，采取要约、承诺方式。

Article 13 The parties shall conclude a contract in the form of an offer and an acceptance.

第十四条

【要约】

要约是希望和他人订立合同的意思表示，

该意思表示应当符合下列规定：

（一）内容具体确定；

（二）表明经受要约人承诺，要约人即受该意思表示约束。

Article 14 An offer is an expression of an intent to enter into a contract with another person.

Such expression of intent shall comply with the following:

(1) its contents shall be specific and definite;

(2)

it

indicates

that

the

offeror

will

be

bound

by

the

expression

of

intent

in

case

of

acceptance by the offeree.

第十五条

【要约邀请】要约邀请是希 望他人向自己发出要约的意思表示。寄送的价目表、

拍卖公告、招标公告、招股说明书、 商业广告等为要约邀请。

商业广告的内容符合要约规定的，视为要约。

Article 15 An invitation for offer is an expression of an intent to invite other parties to make

offers

thereto.

Mailed

price

lists,

public

notices

of

auction

and

tender,

prospectuses

and

commercial advertisements, etc. are invitations for offer.

Where the contents

of a commercial advertisement meet the requirements for an offer, it

shall be regarded as an offer.

第十六条

【要约的生效】要约到达受要约人时生效。

< br>采用数据电文形式订立合同，

收件人指定特定系统接收数据电文的，

该数据电文进入该

特定系统的时间，

视为到达时间；

未指定特定系统的，

该数据电文进入收件人的任何系统的

首次时间，视为到达时间。

Article 16 An offer becomes effective when it reaches the offeree.

If a contract is concluded through data-telex, and a recipient designates a specific system to

receive the date-telex, the time when the data-telex enters such specific system shall be the time

of arrival; if no

specific system is appointed, the time when the data-telex first enters any of the

recipient's systems shall be regarded as the time of arrival.

第十七条

【要约的撤回】

< p>
要约可以撤回。

撤回要约的通知应当在要约到达受要约人之前或

< p>
者与要约同时到达受要约人。

Article 17 An offer may be withdrawn. The withdrawal notice shall reach the offeree before or at

the same time when the offer arrives.

第十八条

【要约的撤销】

要约可以撤销。

撤销要约的通知应当在受要约人 发出承诺通知之

前到达受要约人。

Article 18 An

offer

may be revoked. The revocation notice

shall reach the

offeree before it

has

4

dispatched a notice of acceptance.

第十九条

【要约不得撤销的情形】有下列情形之一的，要约不得撤销：

（一）要约人确定了承诺期限或者 以其他形式明示要约不可撤销；

（二）受要约人有理由认为要 约是不可撤销的，并已经为履行合同作了准备工作。

Article 19 An offer may not be revoked, if

(1)

theofferor

indicates

a

fixed

time

for

acceptance

or

otherwise

explicitly

states

that

the

offer is irrevocable; or

(2)

theofferee

has

reasons

to

rely

on

the

offer

as

being

irrevocable

and

has

made

preparation for performing the contact.

第二十条

【要约的失效】有下列情形之一的，要约失效：

（一）拒绝要约的通知到达要约人；

（二）要约人依法撤销要约；

（三）承诺期限届满，受要约人未作出承诺；

（四）受要约人对要约的内容作出实质性变更。

Article 20 An offer shall lose efficacy under any of the following circumstances:

(1) the notice of rejection reaches the offeror;

(2) theofferor revokes the offer in accordance with the law;

(3)

theofferee

fails

to

dispatch

an

acceptance

before

the

expiration

of

the

time

limit

for

acceptance;

(4) theofferee makes substantial changes to the contents of the offer.

第二十一条

【承诺的定义】承诺是受要约人同意要约的意思表示。

Article 21 An acceptance is the expression of an intention to by the offeree to assent to the offer.

第二十二条

【承诺的方式】

承诺应当以通知的方式作出，

但根据交易习惯或者要约表明可

< p>
以通过行为作出承诺的除外。

Article 22 The acceptance shall be made in the form of a notice, except where acceptance may be

made by an act on the basis of customary business practice or as expressed in the offer.

第二十三条

【承诺的期限】承诺应当在要约确定的期限内到达要约人。

要约没有确定承诺期限的，承诺应当依照下列规定到达：

（一）要约以对话方式作出的，应 当即时作出承诺，但当事人另有约定的除外；

（二）要约以非对话方式作出的，承诺应当在合理期限内到达。

Article 23 An acceptance shall reach the offeror within the time limit prescribed in the offer.

Where

no

time

limit

is

prescribed

in

the

offer,

the

acceptance

shall

reach

the

offeror

in

accordance with the following provisions:

(1)

if

the

offer

is

made

in

dialogues,

the

acceptance

shall

be

made

immediately

unless

otherwise agreed upon by the parties;

(2) If the offer is made in forms other than a dialogue, the acceptance shall reach the offeror

within a reasonable period of time.

第二十四条

【承诺期限的起点】

要约以信件或者电报作出的，

承诺期限自信件载明的日期

< p>
5

或者电报交发之日开始计算。

信件未载明日期的，

自投寄该信件的邮戳日期开始计算。

要约

以电话、传真等快速通讯方式作出的，承诺期限自要约到达受要约人时开始计算 。

Article 24 Where an offer is made by letter or telegram, the time limit for acceptance shall accrue

from

the

date

shown

in

the

letter

or

from

the

date

on

which

the

telegram

is

handed

in

for

dispatch.

If

no

such

date

is

shown

in

the

letter,

it

shall

accrue

from

the

postmark

date

on

the

envelope.

Where

an

offer

is

made

by

means

of

instantaneous

communication,

such

as

telephone

or

facsimile,etc. the time limit for acceptance shall accrue from the moment that the offer reaches

the offeree.

第二十五条

【合同成立时间】承诺生效时合同成立。

Article 25 A contract is established when the acceptance becomes effective.

第二十六条

【承诺的生效】

承诺通知到达要约人时生效。

承诺不需要通知 的，

根据交易习

惯或者要约的要求作出承诺的行为时生效。

采用数据电 文形式订立合同的，承诺到达的时间适用本法第十六条第二款的规定。

Article

26

An

acceptance

becomes

effective

when

its

notice

reaches

the

offeror.

If

notice

of

acceptance is not required, the acceptance shall become effective when an act of acceptance is

performed in accordance with transaction practices or as required in the offer.

Where a contract is concluded in the form of date-telex, the time of arrival of an acceptance

shall be governed by the provisions of Paragraph 2, Article 16 of this Law.

第二十七条

【承诺的撤回】

承诺可以撤回。

撤回承诺的通知应当在承诺通知到达要约人之

< p>
前或者与承诺通知同时到达要约人。

Article 27 An acceptance may

be withdrawn, but a

notice

of

withdrawal shall reach the offeror

before or at the same time when the notice of acceptance reaches the offeror.

第二十八条

【新要约】

受要约人超过承诺期限发出承诺的，

除要约人及时 通知受要约人该

承诺有效的以外，为新要约。

Article

28

Where

an

offeree

makes

an

acceptance

beyond

the

time

limit

for

acceptance,

the

acceptance

shall

be

a

new

offer

except

that

the

offeror

promptly

informs

the

offeree

of

the

effectiveness of the said acceptance.

第二十九条

【迟到的承诺】

受要约人在承诺期限内发出承诺，

按照通常情形能够及时到达

< p>
要约人，

但因其他原因承诺到达要约人时超过承诺期限的，

除要约人及时通知受要约人因承

诺超过期限不接受该承诺的以外，该承诺有效。

Article 29 If the offeree dispatched the acceptance within the time limit specified for acceptance,

and under normal circumstances the acceptance would have reached the offeror in due time, but

due to other reasons the acceptance reaches the offeror after the time limit for acceptance has

expired,such

acceptance

shall

be

effective,

unless

the

offeror

notifies

the

offeree

in

a

timely

manner

that

it

does

not

accept

the

acceptance

due

to

the

failure

of

the

acceptance

to

arrive

within the time limit.

第三十条

【承诺的变更】

承诺的内容应当与要约的内容一致。

受要约人对要约的内容作出

6

实质性变更的，为新要约。有关合同标的、数量、质量、价款或者报酬、履行期限、履行地

点和方式、违约责任和解决争议方法等的变更，是对要约内容的实质性变更。

Article

30

The

contents

of

an

acceptance

shall

comply

with

those

of

the

offer.

If

the

offeree

substantially modifies the contents of the

offer, it shall constitute a new offer. The modification

relating to the subject matter, quality, quantity, price or remuneration, time or

place or method

of

performance,

liabilities

for

breach

of

contract

and

method

of

dispute

resolution,

etc.

shall

constitute the substantial modification of an offer.

第三十一条

【承诺的内容】

承诺对要约的内容作出非实质性变更的，

除要约人及时表示反

< p>
对或者要约表明承诺不得对要约的内容作出任何变更的以外，

该承诺有效，

合同的内容以承

诺的内容为准。

Article 31 If the acceptance does not substantially modifies the contents

of the

offer, it shall be

effective, and the contents of the contract shall be subject to those of the acceptance, except as

rejected promptly by the offeror or indicated in the offer that an acceptance may not modify the

offer at all.

第三十二条

< p>
【合同成立时间】

当事人采用合同书形式订立合同的，

自双方当事人签字或者

盖章时合同成立。

Article

32

Where

the

parties

conclude

a

contract

in

written

form,

the

contract

is

established

when it is signed or sealed by the parties.

第三十三条

【确认书与合同成立】< /p>

当事人采用信件、

数据电文等形式订立合同的，

< br>可以在

合同成立之前要求签订确认书。签订确认书时合同成立。

< br>

Article 33 Where the parties conclude the contract in the form of letters or data-telex, etc., one

party

may

request

to

sign

a

letter

of

confirmation

before

the

conclusion

of

the

contract.

The

contract shall be established at the time when the letter of confirmation is signed.

第三十四条

【合同成立地点】承诺生效的地点为合同成立的地点。

采用数据电文形式订立合同的，< /p>

收件人的主营业地为合同成立的地点；

没有主营业地的，

其经常居住地为合同成立的地点。当事人另有约定的，按照其约定。

Article 34 The place of effectiveness

of an acceptance shall be the

place of the establishment of

the contract.

If

the

contract

is

concluded

in

the

form

of

data-telex,

the

main

business

place

of

the

recipient shall be the place of establishment. If the recipient does not have a main business place,

its

habitual

residence

shall

be

considered

to

be

the

place

of

establishment.

Where

the

parties

agree otherwise, such agreement shall apply.

第三十五条

【书面合同成立地点】

当事人采用合同书形式订立合同的，

双 方当事人签字或

者盖章的地点为合同成立的地点。

Article 35

Where the

parties conclude a contract in written form, the

place where

both parties

sign or affix their seals on the contract shall be the place of establishment.

第三十六条

【书面合同与合同成立】

法律、

行政法规规定或者当事人约定 采用书面形式订

立合同，当事人未采用书面形式但一方已经履行主要义务，对方接受的， 该合同成立。

7

Article 36 Where a contract is to be concluded in written form as required by relevant laws and

administrative

regulations

or

as

agreed

by

the

parties,

and

the

parties

failed

to

conclude

the

contract

in

written

form,

but

one

party

has

performed

the

principal

obligation

and

the

other

party has accepted it, the contract is established.

第三十七条

【合同书与合同成立】< /p>

采用合同书形式订立合同，

在签字或者盖章之前，

当事

人一方已经履行主要义务，对方接受的，该合同成立。

Article

37

Where

a

contract

is

to

be

concluded

in

written

form,

if

one

party

has

performed

its

principal obligation and the other party has accepted it before signing or sealing of the contract,

the contract is established.

第三十八条

【依国家计划订立合同】 国家根据需要下达指令性任务或者国家订货任务的，

有关法人、其他组织之间应当依照有 关法律、行政法规规定的权利和义务订立合同。

Article

38

Where

the

State

has

issued

a

mandatory

plan

or

a

State

purchasing

order

based

on

necessity,the

relevant

legal

persons

and

the

other

organizations

shall

conclude

a

contract

between them in accordance with the rights and obligations as

stipulated by the relevant laws

and administrative regulations.

第三十九条

【格式合同条款定义及使用人义务】

采用格式条款订立合同的，

提供格式条款

的一方应当遵循公平原则确定当事人之间的权利和义务，

并采取合理的方式提请对方注意免

除或者限制其责任的条款，按照对方的要求， 对该条款予以说明。

< p>
格式条款是当事人为了重复使用而预先拟定，并在订立合同时未与对方协商的条款。

Article 39

Where

standard terms are adopted in concluding a contract, the party

supplying the

standard

terms

shall

define

the

rights

and

obligations

between

the

parties

abiding

by

the

principle

of fairness, and shall

inform the other party to note the exclusion

or restriction

of its

liabilities in a reasonable way, and shall explain the standard terms upon request by the other

party.

Standard

terms

are

clauses

that are

prepared

in

advance

for

general and

repeated

use

by

one party, and which are not negotiated with the other party when the contract is concluded.

第四十条

【格式合同条款的无效】

格式条款具有本法第五十二条和第五十三条规定情形的，

或者提供格式条款一方免除其责任、加重对方责任、排除对方主要权利的，该条款无效。

Article 40 When standard terms are under the circumstances stipulated in Articles 52 and 53

of

this

Law,or

the

party

which

supplies

the

standard

terms

exempts

itself

from

its

liabilities,

increases the liabilities of the other party, and deprives the material rights of the other party, the

terms shall be invalid.

第四十一条

【格式合同的解释】

对格式条款的理解发生争议的，

应当按照通常理解予以解

< p>
释。

对格式条款有两种以上解释的，

应当作出不利 于提供格式条款一方的解释。

格式条款和

非格式条款不一致的， 应当采用非格式条款。

Article 41 If a dispute over the understanding of the standard terms occurs, it shall be

interpreted

in accordance with common understanding. Where there are two or more kinds of interpretation,

an interpretation unfavorable to the party supplying the standard terms shall prevail. Where the

standard terms are inconsistent with non-standard terms, the latter shall prevail.

8

第四十二条

【缔约过失】当事人在订立合同过程中有下列情形之一，给对方造成损失的，

应当承担 损害赔偿责任：

（一）假借订立合同，恶意进行磋商；

（二）故意隐瞒与订立合同有关的重要事实或者提供虚假情况；

（三）有其他违背诚实信用原则的行为。

Article 42 The party shall be liable for damage if it is under one of the following circumstances in

concluding a contract and thus causing losses to the other party:

(1) pretending to conclude a contract, and negotiating in bad faith;

(2) deliberately concealing important facts relating to the conclusion of the contract

or providing

false information;

(3) performing other acts which violate the principle of good faith.

第四十三条

【保密义务】当事人在订立合同过程中知悉的商业秘密，无论合同是否成立，

不得泄露 或者不正当地使用。

泄露或者不正当地使用该商业秘密给对方造成损失的，

应当承

担损害赔偿责任。

Article

43

A

trade

secret

the

parties

learn

in

concluding

a

contract

shall

not

be

disclosed

or

improperly used, no matter the contract is established or not. If the party discloses or improperly

uses such trade secret and thus causing loss to the other party, it shall be liable for damages.

第三章

合同的效力

Chapter 3 Validity of Contracts

第四十四条

【合同的生效】依法成立的合同，自成立时生效。

法律、行政法规规定应当办理批准 、登记等手续生效的，依照其规定。

Article 44 The contract established according to law becomes effective upon its establishment.

With regard to contracts that are subject to approval or registration as stipulated by relevant

laws or administrative regulations, the provisions thereof shall be followed.

第四十五条

【附条件的合同】当事人对合同的效力可以约定附条件。附生效条件的合同，

自条件成 就时生效。附解除条件的合同，自条件成就时失效。

当事人为 自己的利益不正当地阻止条件成就的，

视为条件已成就；

不正当 地促成条件成

就的，视为条件不成就。

Article 45 The parties may agree on that the effectiveness of a contract be subject to certain

conditions. A contract whose effectiveness is subject to certain conditions shall become effective

when

such

conditions

are

accomplished.

The

contract

with

dissolving

conditions

shall

become

invalid when such conditions are satisfied.

If

a

party

improperly

prevent

the

satisfaction

of

a

condition

for

its

own

interests,

the

condition

shall

be

regarded

as

having

been

accomplished.

If

a

party

improperly

facilitates

the

satisfaction of a condition, such condition shall be regarded as not to have been satisfied.

第四十六条

【附期限的合同】当事人 对合同的效力可以约定附期限。附生效期限的合同，

自期限届至时生效。附终止期限的合 同，自期限届满时失效。

Article

46

The

parties

may

agree

on

a

conditional

time

period

as

to

the

effectiveness

of

the

contract.

A

contract

subject

to

an

effective

time

period

shall

come

into

force

when

the

period

9

expires. A contract with termination time period shall become invalid when the period expires.

第四十七条

【限制行为能力人订立的合同】

限制民事行为能力人订立的合同，

经法定代理

人追认后，

该合同有效，

但纯获利益的合同或者与其年龄、

智力、

精神健康状况相适应 而订

立的合同，不必经法定代理人追认。

相对人可以催告法定代理人在一个月内予以追认。

法定代理人未作表示的，

视为拒绝追

认。合同被追认之前，善意相对人有撤销的权利。撤销应当以 通知的方式作出。

Article 47 A contract concluded

by a person with limited civil capacity

of conduct

shall be

effective after being ratified afterwards by the person's statutory agent, but a pure profit-making

contract or a contract concluded which is appropriate to the person's age, intelligence or mental

health conditions need not be ratified by the person's statutory agent.

The

counterpart

may

urge

the

statutory

agent

to

ratify

the

contract

within

one

month.

It

shall

be

regarded

as

a

refusal

of

ratification

that

the

statutory

agent

does

not

make

any

expression. A bona fide counterpart has the right to withdraw it before the contract is

withdrawal shall be made by means of notice.

第四十八条

【无权代理人订立的合同 】

行为人没有代理权、

超越代理权或者代理权终止后

< p>
以被代理人名义订立的合同，

未经被代理人追认，

对被代理人不发生效力，

由行为人承担责

任。

< br>

相对人可以催告被代理人在一个月内予以追认。被代理人未作表示的，视为拒绝 追认。

合同被追认之前，善意相对人有撤销的权利。撤销应当以通知的方式作出。

Article 48 A contract concluded by an actor who as no

power of agency, who

oversteps the

power of agency,

or whose power

of agency has expired and yet concludes it on behalf of the

principal,shall have no

legally binding force on the

principal without ratification by the

principal,

and the actor shall be held liable.

The counterpart may urge the principal to ratify it within one month. It shall be regarded as

a refusal of ratification that the principal does not make any expression. A bona fide counterpart

has

the

right

to

withdraw

it

before

the

contract

is

ratified.

The

withdrawal

shall

be

made

by

means of notice.

第四十九条

【表见代理】

< p>
行为人没有代理权、

超越代理权或者代理权终止后以被代理人名

< p>
义订立合同，相对人有理由相信行为人有代理权的，该代理行为有效。

Article 49 If an actor has no

power

of agency, oversteps the

power of agency, or the

power

of

agency has expired and yet concludes a contract in the principal's name, and the counterpart has

reasons to trust that the actor has the power of agency, the act of agency shall be effective.

第五十条

【法定代表人越权行为】< /p>

法人或者其他组织的法定代表人、

负责人超越权限订立

< p>
的合同，除相对人知道或者应当知道其超越权限的以外，该代表行为有效。

Article

50

Where

a

statutory

representative

or

a

responsible

person

of

a

legal

person

or

other

organization

oversteps

his/her

power

and

concludes

a

contract, the

representative

act

shall

be

effective except that the counterpart knows or ought to know that he/she is overstepping his/her

powers.

第五十一条

【无处分权人订立的合同 】

无处分权的人处分他人财产，

经权利人追认或者无

< p>
10

处分权的人订立合同后取得处分权的，该合同有效。

Article

51

Where

a

person

having

no

right

to

disposal

of

property

disposes

of

other

persons'

properties,and the

principal ratifies the act afterwards or the person without

power of disposal

has obtained the power after concluding a contract, the contract shall be valid.

第五十二条

【合同无效的法定情形】有下列情形之一的，合同无效：

（一）一方以欺诈、胁迫的手段订立合同，损害国家利益；

（二）恶意串通，损害国家、集体或者第三人利益；

（三）以合法形式掩盖非法目的；

（四）损害社会公共利益；

（五）违反法律、行政法规的强制性规定。

Article 52 A contract shall be null and void under any of the following circumstances:

(1)

a

contract

is

concluded

through

the

use

of

fraud

or

coercion

by

one

party

to

damage

the

interests of the State;

(2) malicious collusion is conducted to damage the interests

of the State, a collective or a third

party;

(3) an illegitimate purpose is concealed under the guise of legitimate acts;

(4)damaging the public interests;

(5) violating the compulsory provisions of laws and administrative regulations.

第五十三条

【合同免责条款的无效】合同中的下列免责条款无效：

（一）造成对方人身伤害的；

（二）因故意或者重大过失造成对方财产损失的。

Article 53 The following exception clauses in a contract shall be null and void:

(1) those that cause personal injury to the other party;

(2) those that cause

property damages to the other

party as result of deliberate intent or gross

negligence.

第五十四条

【可撤销合同】

下列合同，

当事人一方有权请求人民法院或者仲裁机构变更或

< p>
者撤销：

（一）因重大误解订立的；

（二）在订立合同时显失公平的。

一方以欺诈、胁迫的手段或者乘人 之危，使对方在违背真实意思的情况下订立的合同，

受损害方有权请求人民法院或者仲裁 机构变更或者撤销。

当事人请求变更的，人民法院或者仲裁机构不得撤销。

Article

54

A

party

shall

have

the

right

to

request

the

people's

court

or

an

arbitration

institution to modify or revoke the following contracts:

(1) those concluded as a result of significant misconception;

(2) those that are obviously unfair at the time when concluding the contract.

If a contract is concluded by one party against the other party's true intentions through the

use of fraud, coercion, or exploitation of the other party's unfavorable position, the injured party

shall have the right to request the people's court or an arbitration institution to modify or revoke

it.

11

Where

a

party

requests

for

modification,

the

people's

court

or

the

arbitration

institution

may not revoke the contract.

第五十五条

【撤销权的消灭】有下列情形之一的，撤销权消灭：

（一）

具 有撤销权的当事人自知道或者应当知道撤销事由之日起一年内没有行使撤销权；

（二）具有撤销权的当事人知道撤 销事由后明确表示或者以自己的行为放弃撤销权。

Article

55

The

right

to

revoke

a

contract

shall

extinguish

under

any

of

the

following

circumstances:

(1) a party having the right to revoke the contract fails to exercise the right within one year from

the day that it knows or ought to know the revoking causes;

(2) a party having the right to revoke the contract explicitly expresses or conducts an act to waive

the right after it knows the revoking causes.

第五十六条

【合同自始无效与部分有效】

无效的合同或者被撤销的合同自始没有 法律约束

力。合同部分无效，不影响其他部分效力的，其他部分仍然有效。

Article 56 A contract that is null and void or revoked shall have no legally binding force ever from

the very beginning. If part of a contract is null and void without affecting the valid

ity of the other

parts, the other parts shall still be valid.

第五十七条

【合同解决争议条款的效 力】

合同无效、

被撤销或者终止的，

不 影响合同中独

立存在的有关解决争议方法的条款的效力。

Article 57 If a contract is null and void, revoked or terminated, it shall not affect the validity of the

dispute settlement clause which is independently existing in the contract.

第五十八条

【合同无效或被撤销的法律后果】

合同无效或者被撤销后，

因该合同取得的财

产，

应当予以返还；

不能返还或者没有必要返还的，

应当折价补偿。

有过错的一方应当赔偿

对方因此所受到的损失，双方都有过错的，应当各自承担相应 的责任。

Article 58 The

property acquired as a result

of a contract shall be returned after the contract is

confirmed to be

null and

void or

has

been revoked; where the property can not be returned or

the

return

is

unnecessary,

it

shall

be

reimbursed

at

its

estimated

price.

The

party

at

fault

shall

compensate

the

other

party

for

losses

incurred

as

a

result

therefrom.

If

both

parties

are

fault,each party shall respectively be liable.

第五十九条

【恶意串通获取财产的返还】

当事人恶意串通，

损害国家、

集体或者第三人利

益的，因此取得的财产收归国 家所有或者返还集体、第三人。

Article 59 If the parties have maliciously conducted collusion to damage the interests of the State,

a

collective

or

a

third

party,

the

property

thus

acquired

shall

be

turned

over

to

the

State

or

returned to the collective or the third party.

第四章

合同的履行

Chapter 4 Performance of Contracts

第六十条

【严格履行与诚实信用】当 事人应当按照约定全面履行自己的义务。

当事人应当遵循诚实 信用原则，

根据合同的性质、

目的和交易习惯履行通知、

协助、

保

密等义务。

12

Article 60 Each party shall fully perform its own obligations as agreed upon.

The parties shall abide by the principle of good faith, and perform obligations of notification,

assistance,

and

confidentiality,

etc.

in

accordance

with

the

nature and

purpose

of

the

contract

and the transaction practice.

第六十一条

【合同约定不明的补救】合同生效后，当事人就质量、价款或者报酬、履行地

< p>
点等内容没有约定或者约定不明确的，

可以协议补充；

不能达成补充协议的，

按照合同有关

条款或者交易习惯确定 。

Article

61

Where,

after

the

contract

becomes

effective,

there

is

no

agreement

in

the

contract

between the parties on such contents as quality, price or remuneration, or place of performance

etc., or such agreement is ambiguous, the parties may agree upon supplementary terms through

consultation;if a supplementary agreement cannot be reached, such terms shall be determined in

accordance with the relevant provisions of the contract or the transaction practices.

第六十二条

【合同约定不明时的履行 】

当事人就有关合同内容约定不明确，

依照本法第六

< p>
十一条的规定仍不能确定的，适用下列规定：

（一）

质量要求不明确的，

按照国家标准、

行业标准履行；

没有国家标准、

行业标准的，

按照通常标准或者符合合同目的的特定标准履行。

（二）

价款或者报酬不明确的，

按照订立合同时履行地的市场价格履行 ；

依法应当执行

政府定价或者政府指导价的，按照规定履行。< /p>

（三）履 行地点不明确，给付货币的，在接受货币一方所在地履行；交付不动产的，在

不动产所在 地履行；其他标的，在履行义务一方所在地履行。

（四）履行期限不明确的，债务人可以随时履行，债权人也可 以随时要求履行，但应当

给对方必要的准备时间。

（五）履行方式不明确的，按照有 利于实现合同目的的方式履行。

（六）履行费用的负担不明确的，由履行义务一方负担。

Article 62 Where certain contents agreed upon by the parties in the contract are ambiguous and

cannot be

determined in accordance with the provisions in Article 61 of this Law, the following

provisions shall be applied:

(1) if quality requirement is not clear, performance shall be in accordance with the state standard

or industry standard; absent any state or industry standard, performance shall be in accordance

with

the

customary

standard

or

any

particular

standard

consistent

with

the

purpose

of

the

contract;

(2) if price

or remuneration is not clear, performance shall be in accordance with the prevailing

market price at the place of performance at the time the contract was concluded, and if adoption

of a price commissioned by the government or based on government issued pricing guidelines is

required by law, such requirement applies;

(3)

where

the

place

of

performance

is

not

clear,

if

the

obligation

is

payment

of

money,performance

shall be at the place where the payee is located; if the obligation is delivery

of

immovable

property,

performance

shall

be

at

the

place

where

the

immovable

property

is

located;for any other subject matter, performance shall be effected at the place of location of the

party fulfilling the obligations.

(4) if the time of performance is not clear, the obligor may perform, and the obligee may require

13

performance,

at

any

time,

provided

that

the

other

party

shall

be

given

the

time

required

for

preparation;

(5) if the method of performance is not clear, performance shall be rendered in a manner which

is conducive to realizing the purpose of the contract;

(6)

if

the

responsibility

for

the

expenses

of

performance

is

not

clear,

the

party

fulfilling

the

obligations shall bear the expenses.

第六十三条

【交付期限与价格执行】

执行政府定价或者政府指导价的，

在合同约定的交付

< p>
期限内政府价格调整时，

按照交付时的价格计价。

逾期交付标的物的，

遇价格上涨时，

按照

原价格执行；

价格下降时，

按照新价格执行。

逾期提取标的物或者逾期付款的，

遇价格上涨

时，按照 新价格执行；价格下降时，按照原价格执行。

Article

63

Where

the

government-fixed

price

or

government-directed

price

is

followed

in

a

contract,

if

the

said

price

is

readjusted

within

the

time

limit

for

delivery

as

stipulated

in

the

contract, the payment shall be calculated according to the price at the time

of delivery. Where a

party

delays

in

delivering

the

subject

matter

,

the

original

price

shall

be

adopted

if

the

price

rises;and the new price shall be adopted if the price falls. Where a party delays in taking delivery

of the subject matter or making payment, the new price

shall

be adopted if the

price rises, and

the original price shall be adopted if the price falls.

第六十四条

【向第三人履行合同】

当事人约定由债务人向第三人履行债务的，

债务人未向

第三人履行债务或者履行债务不符合约定，应当向债权人 承担违约责任。

Article 64 Where the parties agree that the obligor shall perform the obligations to a third party,

and

the

obligor

fails

to

perform

its

obligations

to

such

third

party

or

its

performance

of

the

obligations is not in conformity with the agreement, the obligor shall be liable to the obligee for

breach of contract.

第六十五条

【第三人不履行合同的责任承担】

当事人约定由第三人向债权人 履行债务，

第

三人不履行债务或者履行债务不符合约定，债务人 应当向债权人承担违约责任。

Article 65 Where the parties agree that a third party performs the obligations to the obligee, and

the third party fails to

perform the obligations

or the performance is

not in conformity with the

agreement, the obligor shall be liable to the obligee for breach of contract.

第六十六条

【同时履行抗辩权】当事人互负债务，没有先后履行顺序的，应当同时履行。

一方在对 方履行之前有权拒绝其履行要求。

一方在对方履行债务不符合约定时，

< br>有权拒绝其

相应的履行要求。

Article

66

Where

both

parties

have

obligations

toward

one

another

and

there

is

no

order

of

priority

in

respect

of

the

performance

of

obligations,

the

parties

shall

perf

orm

the

obligations

simultaneously. Each party has the right to reject any demand by the other party for performance

prior to the performance by the other

party. If the performance

of the obligations

of the party

who is to

perform

first is not in conformity with the agreement, the party who is perform later

has the right to reject the other party's demand for corresponding performance.

第六十七条

【先履行义务】当事人互 负债务，有先后履行顺序，先履行一方未履行的，后

履行一方有权拒绝其履行要求。

先履行一方履行债务不符合约定的，

后履行一方有权拒绝其

14

相应的履行要求。

Article

67

Where

both

parties

have

obligations

toward

each

other

and

there

is

an

order

of

priority in respect of the performance, and the party who is to perform first

fails to perform, the

party who is to perform later has the right to reject the other party's demand for performance. If

the performance of the

obligations

of the party who is to

perform first is not in conformity with

theagreement, the party who is to perform later has the right to reject the other party's demand

for corresponding performance.

第六十八条

【不安抗辩权】

应当先履行债务的当事人，

有确切证据证明对方有下列情形之

< p>
一的，可以中止履行：

（一）经营状况严重恶化；

（二）转移财产、抽逃资金，以逃避债务；

（三）丧失商业信誉；

（四）有丧失或者可能丧失履行债务能力的其他情形。

当事人没有确切证据中止履行的，应当承担违约责任。

Article

68

The

party

required

to

perform

first

may

suspend

its

performance

if

it

has

conclusive

evidence showing that the other party is under any of the following circumstances:

(1) its business has seriously deteriorated;

(2) it has engaged in transfer of assets or withdrawal of funds for the purpose of evading debts;

(3) it has lost its business creditworthiness;

(4) it is in any other circumstance which will or may cause it to lose its ability to perform.

Where

a

party

suspends

performance

without

conclusive

evidence,

it

shall

be

liable

for

breach of contract.

第六十九条

【不安抗辩权的行使】< /p>

当事人依照本法第六十八条的规定中止履行的，

应当及

< p>
时通知对方。

对方提供适当担保时，

应当恢复履行 。

中止履行后，

对方在合理期限内未恢复

履行能力并且未提供适当担保的，中止履行的一方可以解除合同。

Article 69 If a party suspends

its performance in accordance with the provisions of Article 68

of

this Law, it shall timely notify the

other party. If the other

party provides appropriate assurance

for its performance, the

party shall resume performance.

After performance was suspended, if

theother

party

fails

to

regain

its

ability

to

perform

and

fails

to

provide

appropriate

assurance

within a reasonable time, the suspending party may terminate the contract.

第七十条

【因债权人原因致债务履行困难的处理】

债权人分立、

合并或者 变更住所没有通

知债务人，致使履行债务发生困难的，债务人可以中止履行或者将标的物 提存。

Article 70 Where the obligee fails to notify the obligor of its separation, merger, or change of the

domicile,

thereby

making

it

difficult

for

the

obligor

to

perform

its

obligations,

the

obligor

may

suspend its performance or escrow the subject matter

.

第七十一条

【债务的提前履行】

债权人可以拒绝债务人提前履行债务，

但提前履行不损害

< p>
债权人利益的除外。

债务人提前履行债务给债权人增加的费用，由债务人负担。

Article 71 Theobligee may reject the obligor's advance performance of its obligations, except

that the advance performance does not harm the obligee's interests.

15

Any additional expense incurred by the obligee due to the obligor's advance performance of

its obligations shall be borne by the obligor.

第七十二条

< /p>

【债务的部分履行】

债权人可以拒绝债务人部分履行债务，

但部分履行不损害

债权人利益的除外。

债务人部分履行债务给债权人增加的费用，由债务人负担。

Article

72

Anobligee

may

reject

the

obligor's

partial

performance,

except

that

the

partial

performance of its obligations does not harm the obligee's interests.

Any additional expense

incurred

by the obligee due to the obligor's

partial performance

of

its obligations shall be borne by the obligor.

第七十三条

< /p>

【债权人的代位权】

因债务人怠于行使其到期债权，对债权人造成 损害的，

债

权人可以向人民法院请求以自己的名义代位行使债务 人的债权，

但该债权专属于债务人自身

的除外。

代位权的行使范围以债 权人的债权为限。

债权人行使代位权的必要费用，

由债务人负担 。

Article 73 Where the obligor is remiss in exercising its due creditor's right, thereby harming the

obligee's

interests,

the

obligee

may

petition

the

People's

Court

for

subrogation

in

its

own

name,except that the creditor's right exclusively belongs to the obligor.

The extent to which the subrogation rights can be exercised is limited to the obligee's rights.

The expenses

necessary for the obligee to exercise such subrogation rights shall be borne by the

obligor.

第七十四条

【债权人的撤销权】

因债务人放弃其到期债权或者无偿转让财产，

对债权人造

成损害的，

债权人可以请求人民法院撤销债务人 的行为。

债务人以明显不合理的低价转让财

产，

对债权人造成损害，

并且受让人知道该情形的，

债权人 也可以请求人民法院撤销债务人

的行为。

撤销权的行使范围以债权人的债权 为限。

债权人行使撤销权的必要费用，

由债务人负担。

Article 74 Where the obligor waives its creditor's right against a third party that is due or assigns

its

property

without

reward,

thereby

harming

the

obligee's

interests,

the

obligee

may

petition

the People's Court for cancellation of the obligor's act. Where the obligor assigns its propertyat a

low

price

which

is

manifestly

unreasonable,

thereby

harming

the

obligee's

interests,

and

the

assignee

is

aware

of

the

situation,

the

obligee

may

also

petition

the

People's

Court

for

cancellation of the obligor's act.

The extent to which the right to cancel can be exercised is limited to the rights of the obligee.

The

expenses

necessary

for

the

obligee

to

exercise

the

right

to

cancel

shall

be

borne

by

the

obligor.

第七十五条

【撤销权的期间】

撤销权自债权人知道或者应当知道撤销事由之日起一年内行

使。自债务人的行为发生之日起五年内没有行使撤销权的，该撤销权消灭。

Article 75 The right to cancel shall be exercised within one year form the date the obligee knows

or should have known of the matter for cancellation. Such right to cancel shall lapse if the obligee

fails to exercise such rights within five years from the date of the occurrence of such act.

第七十六条

【当事人变化对合同履行 的影响】

合同生效后，

当事人不得因姓名、

名称的变

16

更或者法定代表人、负责人、承办人的变动而不履行合同义务。

Article 76 Once a contract becomes effective, a party

may not refuse to perform its obligations

thereunder due to a change in its name, or its legal representative, the person in charge, or the

person handling the contract.

第五章

合同的变更和转让

Chapter 5 Modification and Assignment of Contracts

第七十七条

【合同变更条件】当事人协商一致，可以变更合同。

法律、行政法规规定变更合同应当办理批准、登记等手续的，依照其规定。

Article 77 A contract may be modified if the parties reach a consensus through consultation.

If the laws or administrative regulations so provide, approval and registration procedures for

such modification shall be gone through in accordance with such provisions.

第七十八条

【合同变更内容不明的处 理】

当事人对合同变更的内容约定不明确的，

推定为

< p>
未变更。

Article 78

Where an agreement by the

parties

on the contents of a

modification is ambiguous,

the contract shall be presumed as not having been modified.

第七十九条

【债权的转让】

债权人可以将合同的权利全部或者部分转让给第三人，

但有下

< p>
列情形之一的除外：

（一）根据合同性质不得转让；

（二）按照当事人约定不得转让；

（三）依照法律规定不得转让。

Article 79 The obligee may assign its rights under a contract, in whole

or in

part, to a third

party,except under the following circumstances:

(1) such rights may not be assigned in light of the nature of the contract;

(2) such rights may not be assigned according to the agreement between the parties;

(3) such rights may not be assigned according to the provisions of the laws.

第八十条

【债权转让的通知义务】债权人转让权利的，应当通知债务人。未经通知，该转

让对债务 人不发生效力。

债权人转让权利的通知不得撤销，但经受让人同意的除外。

Article

80

Where

the

obligee

assigns

its

rights,

it

shall

notify

the

obligor.

Such

assignment

will have no effect on the obligor without notice thereof.

A

notice

by

the

obligee

to

assign

its

rights

shall

not

be

revoked,

unless

such

revocation

is

consented to by the assignee.

第八十一条

【从权利的转移】

债权人转让权利的，

受让人取得与债权有关的从权利，

但该

从权利专属于债权人自身的除外。

Article

81

Where

the

obligee

assigns

its

right,

the

assignee

shall

acquire

the

collateral

rights

related to the principal rights, except that the collateral rights exclusively belong to the obligee.

第八十二条

【债务人的抗辩权】

债务人接到债权转让通知后，

债务人对让与人的抗辩，

可

以向受让人主张。

17

Article 82 Upon receipt of the

notice of assignment of rights, the

obligor may assert against the

assignee any defenses it has against the assignor.

第八十三条

【债务人的抵销权】债务 人接到债权转让通知时，债务人对让与人享有债权，

并且债务人的债权先于转让的债权到 期或者同时到期的，债务人可以向受让人主张抵销。

Article 83 Upon receipt by the obligor of the notice of assignment of rights, the obligor shall have

vested rights against the assignor, and if the rights of the obligor vest prior to or at the same time

as the assigned rights, the obligor may claim an offset against the assignee.

第八十四条

【债权人同意】

债务人将合同的义务全部或者部分转移给第三人的，

应当经债

< p>
权人同意。

Article 84

Where the obligor

delegates its

obligations under a contract in whole or in part to a

third party, such delegation shall be subject to the consent of the obligee.

第八十五条

< /p>

【承担人的抗辩】

债务人转移义务的，

新 债务人可以主张原债务人对债权人的

抗辩。

Article 85 Where the obligor delegates its

obligation, the new

obligor may exercise any defense

that the original obligor had against the obligee.

第八十六条

【从债的转移】

债务人转移义务的，

新债务人应当承担与主债务有关的从债务，

但该从债务专属于原债务人自身的除外。

Article 86 Where the obligor delegates its obligation, the new obligor shall assume the incidental

obligations related to the main obligations, except that the obligations exclusively belong to the

original obligor.

第八十七条

【合同转让形式要件】< /p>

法律、

行政法规规定转让权利或者转移义务应当办理批

< p>
准、登记等手续的，依照其规定。

Article 87 Where the laws or administrative regulations stipulate that the assignment of rights or

transfer of obligations shall undergo approval or registration procedures, such provisions shall be

followed.

第八十八条

【概括转让】

< p>
当事人一方经对方同意，

可以将自己在合同中的权利和义务一并

< p>
转让给第三人。

Article 88 Upon the consent of the other party, one party may transfer its rights together with its

obligations under contract to a third party.

第八十九条

【概括转让的效力】

权利和义务一并转让的，

适用本法第七十九条、

第八十一

条至第八十三条、第八十五条至 第八十七条的规定。

Article

89

Where

the

rights

and

obligations

are

transferred

together,

the

provisions

in

Articles

79,Articles 81 to 83, and Articles 85 to 87 of this Law shall be applied.

第九十条

【新当事人的概括承受】< /p>

当事人订立合同后合并的，

由合并后的法人或者其他组

< p>
织行使合同权利，

履行合同义务。

当事人订立合同 后分立的，

除债权人和债务人另有约定的

以外，由分立的法人或 者其他组织对合同的权利和义务享有连带债权，承担连带债务。

18

Article 90 Where a party is merged after the contract has been concluded, the legal person or

other

organization

established

after

the

merger

shall

exercise

the

rights

and

obligations

otherwise agreed upon by the

obligor and obligee, the legal persons or other

organizations

that

exist

after

the

division

shall

jointly

enjoy

the

rights

and

jointly

assume

the

obligationsunder the contract.

第六章

合同的权利义务终止

Chapter 6 Termination of Contractual Rights and Obligations

第九十一条

【合同消灭的原因】有下列情形之一的，合同的权利义务终止：

（一）债务已经按照约定履行；

（二）合同解除；

（三）债务相互抵销；

（四）债务人依法将标的物提存；

（五）债权人免除债务；

（六）债权债务同归于一人；

（七）法律规定或者当事人约定终止的其他情形。

Article

91

The

rights

and

obligations

under

a

contract

shall

be

terminated

under

any

of

the

following circumstances:

(1) the obligations have been performed as agreed upon;

(2) the contract has been rescinded;

(3) the obligations have been offset against each other;

(4) the obligor has escrowed the subject matter accordance with the law;

(5) theobligee has released the obligor of its obligation;

(6) the rights and obligations have vested in one party;

(7)

any

other

circumstances

for

termination

as

stipulated

by

the

laws

or

agreed

upon

by

the

parties.

第九十二条

【合同终止后的义务】

合同的权利义务终止后，

当事人应当遵 循诚实信用原则，

根据交易习惯履行通知、协助、保密等义务。

Article 92 After the termination of the rights and obligations under the contract, the parties shall

observe

the

principal

of

honesty

and

good

faith

and

perform

the

obligations

of

notification,assistance and confidentiality, etc. in accordance with relevant transaction practices.

第九十三条

【合同约定解除】当事人协商一致，可以解除合同。

当事人可以约定一方解除合同的条 件。

解除合同的条件成就时，

解除权人可以解除合同。

Article 93 The parties may terminate a contract if they reach a consensus through consultation.

The

parties

may

agree

upon

conditions

under

which

either

party

may

terminate

the

satisfaction

of

the

conditions,

the

party

who

has

the

right

to

terminate

may

terminate the contract.

第九十四条

【合同的法定解除】有下列情形之一的，当事人可以解除合同：

（一）因不可抗力致使不能实现合同目的；

（二）

在 履行期限届满之前，

当事人一方明确表示或者以自己的行为表明不履行主要债

< p>
务；

19

（三）当事人一方迟延履行主要债 务，经催告后在合理期限内仍未履行；

（四）当事人一方迟延履行债务或者有其他违约行为致使不能 实现合同目的；

（五）法律规定的其他情形。

Article

94

The

parties

to

a

contract

may

terminate

the

contract

under

any

of

the

following

circumstances:

(1) it is rendered impossible to achieve the purpose of contract due to an event of force majeure;

(2)

prior

to

the

expiration

of

the

period

of

performance,

the

other

party

expressly

states,

or

indicates through its conduct, that it will not perform its main obligation;

(3) the other party delayed performance of its main obligation after such performance has

been

demand, and fails to perform within a reasonable period;

(4) the other party delays performance of its obligations, or breaches the contract in some other

manner, rendering it impossible to achieve the purpose of the contract;

(5) other circumstance as provided by law.

第九十五条

【解除权消灭】

法律规定或者当事人约定解除权行使期限，

期限届满当事

人不行使的，该权利消灭。

法律没有规定或者当事人没有约定解除权行使期限，

经对方催告后在合理期限内不行使

的，该权利消灭。

Article

95

Where

the

laws

stipulates

or

the

parties

agreed

upon

the

time

limit

to

exercise

the

right

to

terminate

the

contract,

and

no

party

exercises

it

when

the

time

limit

expires,

the

said

right shall be extinguished.

Where neither the law stipulates nor the parties make an agreement upon the time limit to

exercise

the

right

to terminate

the

contract,

and

no

party

exercise

it

within

a

reasonable

time

period after being urged, the said right shall be extinguished.

第九十六条

【解除权的行使】

当事人一方依照本法第九十三条第二款、

第九十四条的

规定主张解除合同的，

应当通知对方。

合同自通知到达 对方时解除。

对方有异议的，

可以请

求 人民法院或者仲裁机构确认解除合同的效力。

法律、行政法规规定解除合同应当办理批准、登记等手续的， 依照其规定。

Article

96

A

party

demanding

termination

of

a

contract

in

accordance

with

the

provisions

of

Paragraph 2 of Article 93 and Article 94 of this Law shall notify the other party. The contract shall

be terminated upon the receipt of the notice by the other party. If the other party objects to such

termination, it may petition the People's Court or an arbitration institution to adjudicate the

validity of the termination of the contract.

Where

the

laws

and

administrative

regulations

so

provide,

the

approval

and

registration

procedures

for

the

termination

of

the

contract

shall

be

gone

through

in

accordance

with

such

laws and regulations.

第九十七条

【解除的效力】合同解除 后，尚未履行的，终止履行；已经履行的，根据

履行情况和合同性质，

< br>当事人可以要求恢复原状、

采取其他补救措施、

并有权要 求赔偿损失。

Article

97

After

the

termination

of

a

contract,

performance

shall

cease

if

the

contract

has

not

been

performed;

if

the

contract

has

been

performed,

a

party

may,

in

accordance

with

the

circumstances of performance

or the nature of the contract, demand the other

party to restore

such

party to its

original state or adopt other remedial measures,

and

such

party shall have the

20

right to demand compensation for damages.

第九十八条

【结算、

清理条款效力】

合同的权利义务终止，

不影响合同中结算和清理

条款的效力。

Article 98 The termination of rights and obligations under a contact shall not affect the validity of

clauses that related to the final settlement of accounts and winding-up.

第九十九条

【债务的抵销及行使】< /p>

当事人互负到期债务，

该债务的标的物种类、

品质

相同的，

任何一方可以将自己的债务与对方的债务抵销 ，

但依照法律规定或者按照合同性质

不得抵销的除外。

当事人主张抵销 的，

应当通知对方。

通知自到达对方时生效。

< br>抵销不得附条件或者附期

限。

Article 99 Where the parties are liable to one another for obligations that are due, and if the type

and nature of the subject matter of such

obligations are the same, any party may offset its

own

obligation

against

the

obligation

of

the

other

party,

except

unless

such

offset

is

not

allowed

according to the laws and regulations or cannot be made given the nature of the contract.

The

party

who

claims

such

offset

shall

notify

the

other

party.

The

notice

shall

become

effective when it reaches the other party. The offset shall not be subject to any condition or time

limit.

第一百条

【债务的约定抵销】当事人互负债务，标的物种类、品质不相同的，经双方

协商一致，也可以抵销。

Article 100 Where the parties have obligations towards one another, and the type and nature of

such

obligations

are

different,

the

obligations

may

also

be

offset

upon

consensus

between

the

parties after consultation.

第一百零一条

【提存的要件】

有下列情形之一，

难以履行债务的，

债务人可 以将标的

物提存：

（一）债权人无正当理由拒绝受领；

（二）债权人下落不明；

（三）债权人死亡未确定继承人或者丧失民事行为能力未确定 监护人；

（四）法律规定的其他情形。

标的物不适于提存或者提存费用过高的，

债务人依法可以拍卖或者变卖标的物，

提存所

得的价款。< /p>

Article 101 The obligor may escrow the subject matter under any of the following

circumstances

which render performance of the obligations difficult:,

(1) theobligee refuses to accept them without justified reasons;

(2) the whereabouts of the obligee are unknown;

(3) theobligee

is deceased and the successor

has

not

been determined, or

the obligee

has

lost

civil capacity and a guardian has not been appointed;

(4) other circumstance as provided for in the laws.

Where the subject matter is not fit for escrow, or the cost of escrow is excessively

high,the

obligor

may

auction

or

sell

the

subject

matter

according

to

law,

and

escrow

the

proceeds

therefrom.

21

第一百零二条

【提存后的通知】

标的物提存后，

除债权人下落不明的以外 ，

债务人应

当及时通知债权人或者债权人的继承人、监护人。< /p>

Article

102

Unless

the

whereabouts

of

the

obligee

are

unknown,

the

obligee

shall

notify

the

obligee,

or

the

successor

or

guardian

of

the

obligor

immediately

after

the

subject

matter

has

been placed in escrow.

第一百零三条

【提存的效力】标的物提存后，毁损、灭失的风险由债权人承担。提存

期间，标的物 的孳息归债权人所有。提存费用由债权人负担。

Article 103 Once the subject matter has been placed in escrow, the risk of damage to, destruction

or loss of the subject

matter shall be

borne by the obligee. The obligee shall

be entitled to any

fruits

of

the

subject

matter

during

the

escrow

period.

Escrow

expenses

shall

be

borne

by

the

obligee.

第一百零四条

【提存物的受领及受领 权消灭】

债权人可以随时领取提存物，

但债权人

对债务人负有到期债务的，

在债权人未履行债务或者提供担保之前，

< p>
提存部门根据债务人的

要求应当拒绝其领取提存物。

债权人领取提存物的权利，< /p>

自提存之日起五年内不行使而消灭，

提存物扣除提存费用后

归国家所有。

Article

104

The

obligee

may

claim

the

subject

matter

in

escrow

at

any

time, except that

if

the

obligee

has

any

due

obligations

toward

the

obligor,

prior

to

the

obligee's

performance

of

its

obligations or the obligee's provision of security for its performance, the escrow institution shall,

at the request of the obligor, refuse the obligee's claim of the escrowed subject matter

.

The

right

of

the

obligee

to

reclaim

the

subject

matter

in

escrow

shall

lapse

if

it

is

not

exercised

within

five

years

form

the

date

the

subject

matter

is

placed

in

escrow,

and

the

escrowed subject matter shall revert to the

national treasury after the deduction

of the escrow

costs.

第一百零五条

【免除的效力】

债权人免除债务人部分或者全部债务的，

合 同的权利义

务部分或者全部终止。

Article 105 Where an obligee releases the obligor of its own obligations, in whole

or in part, the

rights and obligations under the contract shall terminate in whole or in part.

第一百零六条

【混同的效力】

债权和债务同归于一人的，

合同的权利义务 终止，

但涉

及第三人利益的除外。

Article

106

If

the

rights

and

obligations

under

a

contract

vest

in

one

party,

such

rights

and

obligations thereunder shall terminate, unless they involve the interests of a third party.

第七章

违约责任

Chapter 7 Liabilities for Breach of Contracts

第一百零七条

【违约责任】

当事人一方不履行合同义务或者履行合同义务不符合约定

的，应当承担继续履行、采取补救措施或者赔偿损失等违约责任。

Article 107 If a party fails to perform its

obligations

under a contract, or its performance fails to

22

satisfy

the

terms

of

the

contract,

it

shall

bear

the

liabilities

for

breach

of

contract

such

as

to

continue to perform its obligations, to take remedial measures, or to compensate for losses.

第一百零八条

【拒绝履行】

当事人一方明确表示或者以自己的行为表明不履行合同义

务的，对方可以在履行期限届满之前要求其承担违约责任。

Article 108 Where one party express explicitly or indicates by its conduct that

it will not perform

its obligations under a contract, the other party may demand it to bear the liability for the breach

of contract before the expiry of the performance period.

第一百零九条

【金钱债务的违约责任 】

当事人一方未支付价款或者报酬的，

对方可以

要求其支付价款或者报酬。

Article

109

If

a

party

fails

to

pay

the

price

or

remuneration,

the

other

party

may

request

it

to

make the payment.

第一百一十条

【非金钱债务的违约责 任】

当事人一方不履行非金钱债务或者履行非金

钱债务不符合约 定的，对方可以要求履行，但有下列情形之一的除外：

（一）法律上或者事实上不能履行；

（二）债务的标的不适于强制履行或者履行费用过高；

（三）债权人在合理期限内未要求履行。

Article

110

Where

a

party

fails

to

perform

the

non-monetary

obligations

or

its

performance

of

non-monetary obligations fails to satisfy the terms of the contract, the other party may request it

to perform it except under any of the following circumstances:

(1) it is unable to be performed in law or in fact;

(2) the subject matter of the obligation is

unfit for compulsory performance

or the performance

expenses are excessively high;

(3) theobligee does not require performance within a reasonable time.

第一百一十一条

【瑕疵履行】

质量不符合约定的，

应当按照当事人的约定承担违约责

任。

对违约责任没有约定或者约定不明确，

依照本法第 六十一条的规定仍不能确定的，

受损

害方根据标的的性质以及损 失的大小，

可以合理选择要求对方承担修理、

更换、

< p>
重作、

退货、

减少价款或者报酬等违约责任。

Article 111 Where the quality fails to satisfy the agreement, the breach of contract damages shall

be

borne

in

the

manner

as

agreed

upon

by

the

parties.

Where

there

is

no

agreement

in

the

contract

on

the

liability

for

breach

of

contract

or

such

agreement

is

unclear,

nor

can

it

be

determined in accordance with the provisions of Article 61 of this Law, the damaged party may, in

light of the nature of the subject matter and the degree of loss, reasonably choose to request the

other

party

to

bear

the

liabilities

for

the

breach

of

contract

such

as

repairing,

substituting,

reworking,returning the goods, or reducing the price or remuneration.

第一百一十二条

【履行、

< p>
补救措施后的损失赔偿】

当事人一方不履行合同义务或者履

行合同义务不符合约定的，

在履行义务或者采取补救措施后，

< br>对方还有其他损失的，

应当赔

偿损失。

< br>

Article 112 Where a party fails to perform its obligations

under the contract or its

performance

fails to conform to the agreement, and the other party still suffers from other damages after the

23

performance of the

obligations or adoption of remedial measures, such party

shall compensate

the other party for such damages.

第一百一十三条

【损害赔偿的范围】

当事人一方不履行合同义务或者履行合同义务不

符合约定，

给对方造成损失的，

损失赔偿额应当相当于因违约所造成的损失，< /p>

包括合同履行

后可以获得的利益，

但不得 超过违反合同一方订立合同时预见到或者应当预见到的因违反合

同可能造成的损失。

经营者对消 费者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，

依照

《中华人民共和国消 费者权益保

护法》的规定承担损害赔偿责任。

Article 113 Where a party fails to perform its obligations

under the contract or its

performance

fails

to

conform

to

the

agreement

and

cause

losses

to

the

other

party,

the

amount

of

compensation for losses

shall

be equal to the

losses caused

by the breach of contract, including

the

interests

receivable

after

the

performance

of

the

contract,

provided

not

exceeding

the

probable losses

caused

by

the

breach

of

contract

which

has

been

foreseen

or

ought

to

be

foreseen

when

the

party in breach concludes the contract.

The

business

operator

who

commits

default

activities

in

providing

to

the

consumer

any

goods or services shall be liable for paying compensation for damages in accordance with the Law

of the People's Republic of China on Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests.

第一百一十四条

【违约金】

当事人可以约定一方违约时应当根据违约情况向对方支付

一定数额的违约 金，也可以约定因违约产生的损失赔偿额的计算方法。

约定的违约金低于造成的损失的，

当 事人可以请求人民法院或者仲裁机构予以增加；

约

定的违约金过 分高于造成的损失的，当事人可以请求人民法院或者仲裁机构予以适当减少。

当事人就迟延履行约定违约金的， 违约方支付违约金后，还应当履行债务。

Article 114 The parties may agree that if one

party breaches the contract, it shall pay a certain

sum

of

liquidated

damages

to

the

other

party

in

light

of

the

circumstances

of

the

breach,

and

may also agree on a method for the calculation of the amount of compensation for the damages

incurred as a result of the breach.

Where the amount of liquidated damages agreed upon is lower than the damages incurred,

a party may petition the People's

Court

or an arbitration institution to make an increase; where

the

amount

of

liquidated

damages

agreed

upon

are

significantly

higher

than

the

damages

incurred,a

party

may

petition

the

People's

Court

or

an

arbitration

institution

to

make

an

appropriate reduction.

Where

the

parties

agree

upon

breach

of

contract

damages

in

respect

to

the

delay

in

performance,

the

party

in

breach

shall

perform

the

obligations

after

paying

the

breach

of

contract damages.

第一百一十五条

【定金】

< p>
当事人可以依照

《中华人民共和国担保法》

约定一 方向对方

给付定金作为债权的担保。

债务人履行债务后，

定金应当抵作价款或者收回。

给付定金的一

方 不履行约定的债务的，

无权要求返还定金；

收受定金的一方不履 行约定的债务的，

应当双

倍返还定金。

Article 115 The parties may agree that a party pay a deposit to the other party as a guaranty for

the

obligation

in

accordance

withthe

Security

Law

of

the

People's

Republic

of

China.

Upon

the

24

obligor has performed its

obligation, the deposit

shall

be offset against the price or refunded to

the obligor. If the party paying the deposit fails to perform its obligations under the contract, such

party has no right to demand for the return of the deposit; where the party accepting the deposit

fails to perform its

obligations under the contract, such party shall refund twice the value

of the

deposit.

第一百一十六条

< br>【违约金与定金的选择】

当事人既约定违约金，

又约定定 金的，

一方

违约时，对方可以选择适用违约金或者定金条款。< /p>

Article

116

If

the

parties

agree

on

both

liquidated

damages

and

a

deposit,

and

one

party

is

in

breach,the other party may choose to apply either the provisions for liquidated damages or that

for the deposit.

第一百一十七条

【不可抗力】

因不可抗力不能履行合同的，根据不可抗力的影响，

部

分或者全部免除责任，

但法律另有规定的除外。

当事人 迟延履行后发生不可抗力的，

不能免

除责任。

< br>

本法所称不可抗力，是指 不能预见、不能避免并不能克服的客观情况。

Article 117 A party who is unable to perform a contract due to force majeure is exempted from

liability in

part or in whole in light of the impact of the event of force majeure, except otherwise

provided

by

law.

Where

an

event

of

force

majeure

occurs

after

the

party's

delay

in

performance,it is not exempted from such liability.

For

purposes

of

this

Law,

force

majeure

means

any

objective

circumstances

which

are

unforeseeable, unavoidable and insurmountable.

第一百一十八条

< br>【不可抗力的通知与证明】当事人一方因不可抗力不能履行合同的，

应当及时通知 对方，以减轻可能给对方造成的损失，并应当在合理期限内提供证明。

Article 118 If a party is unable to perform a contract due to an event of force majeure, it

shall

timely notify the other

party so as to mitigate the losses that may be caused to the

other party,

and shall provide evidence of such event of force majeure within a reasonable period.

第一百一十九条

【减损规则】

当事人一方违约后，

对方应当采取适当措施防止损失的

扩大；没有采取适当措施致使损失扩大的，不得就扩大的损失要求赔偿。

当事人因防止损失扩大而支出的合理费用，由违约方承担。

Article

119

Where

a

party

breached

the

contract,

the

other

party

shall

take

the

appropriate

measures

to

prevent

the

losses

from

increasing;

where

the

other

party's

failure

to

take

appropriate

measures

results

in

additional

losses,

it

cannot

demand

compensation

for

the

additional losses.

Any reasonable expense incurred by the other party in preventing additional losses shall be

borne by the party in breach.

第一百二十条

【双方违约的责任】

当事人双方都违反合同的，

应当各自承 担相应的责

任。

Article 120 If both parties breach a contract, each party shall bear its own respective liabilities.

第一百二十一条

< br>【因第三人的过错造成的违约】

当事人一方因第三人的原因造成违约

25

的，

应当向对方承 担违约责任。

当事人一方和第三人之间的纠纷，

依照法律规定或 者按照约

定解决。

Article 121 Where a party's breach is attributable to a third party, it shall nevertheless be liable to

the other party for breach. Any dispute between the party and such third party shall be resolved

in accordance with the law or the agreement between the parties.

第一百二十二条

【责任竞合】

因当事人一方的违约行为，

侵害对方人身、

财 产权益的，

受损害方有权选择依照本法要求其承担违约责任或者依照其他法律要求其承担 侵权责任。

Article 122 Where the breach of contract by one party infringes upon the

other party's personal

or

property

rights,

the

aggrieved

party

is

entitled

to

choose

to

claim

the

assumption

by

the

violating and infringing party of liabilities for breach of contract according to this Law, or to claim

the

assumption

by

the

violating

and

infringing

party

of

liabilities

for

infringementaccording

to

other laws.

第八章

其他规定

Chapter 8 Other Provisions

第一百二十三条

【其他规定的适用】其他法律对合同另有规定的，依照其规定。

Article

123

Where

other

laws

provide

otherwise

in

respect

of

a

contract,

such

provisions

shall

prevail.

第一百二十四条

< br>【无名合同】

本法分则或者其他法律没有明文规定的合同，

适用本法

总则的规定，并可以参照本法分则或者其他法律最相类似的规定。

< p>

Article 124 Where there are no explicitly provisions in the Specific Provisions of this Law or in any

other law concerning a certain contract, the provisions in the General Provisions of this Law shall

be applied, and reference may be made to the provisions in the Specific Provisions of this Law or

in any other law that most closely relate to such contract.

第一百二十五条

【合同解释】

当事人对合同条款的理解有争议的，

应当按照合同所使

用的词句、

合同的有关条款、

合同的目的、

< p>
交易习惯以及诚实信用原则，

确定该条款的真实

意 思。

合 同文本采用两种以上文字订立并约定具有同等效力的，

对各文本使用的词句推定具有

相同含义。各文本使用的词句不一致的，应当根据合同的目的予以解释。

Article 125 If any disputes arise between the parties over the understanding of any clause of the

contract,

the

true

meaning

thereof

shall

be

determined

according

to

the

words

and

sentences

used

in

the

contract,

the

relevant

provisions

in

the

contract,

the

purpose

of

the

contract,

the

transaction practices and the principle of good faith.

Where a contract is concluded in two or more languages and it is agreed that all versions are

equally

authentic,

the

words

and

sentences

in

each

version

are

construed

to

have

the

same

meaning.

In

case

of

any

discrepancy

in

the

words

or

sentences

used

in

the

different

language

versions, they shall be interpreted in light of the purpose of the contract.

第一百二十六条

【涉外合同】

涉外合同的当事人可以选择处理合同争议所适用的法律，

但法律另有规 定的除外。

涉外合同的当事人没有选择的，

适用与合同有最密切 联系的国家的

26

法律。

在中华人民共和国境内履行的中外合资经营企业合同、

中外合作 经营企业合同、

中外合

作勘探开发自然资源合同，适用中华人民 共和国法律。

Article 126 Parties to a foreign-related contract may select the applicable law for resolution of a

contractual

dispute,

except as

otherwise

provided

by

law.

Where

parties

to

the

foreign-related

contract

fails

to

select

the

applicable

law,

the

contract

shall

be

governed

by

the

law

of

the

country with the closest connection thereto.

For

a

Chinese- foreign

equity

joint

venture

contract,

Chinese-foreign

contractual

joint

venture contract, or a contract for Chinese-foreign

joint exploration and

development of

natural

resources

which is

performed within the territory of the People's Republic of

China, the law

of

the People's Republic of China shall be applied.

第一百二十七条

【合同监督机关】< /p>

工商行政管理部门和其他有关行政主管部门在各自

的职权范围内，

依照法律、

行政法规的规定，

对利用合 同危害国家利益、

社会公共利益的违

法行为，负责监督处理；构 成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

Article 127 Within the scope of their respective duties, the administrative department of industry

and commerce and

other relevant departments shall, in accordance with the relevant laws and

administrative regulations, be responsible for monitoring and dealing with any illegal acts which,

by taking advantage of contracts, harm the interests of the State or the interests of the

public and society; where such an act constitutes a crime, criminal liability shall be investigated in

accordance with the law.

第一百二十八条

【合同争议的解决】 当事人可以通过和解或者调解解决合同争议。

当事人不愿和解、

调解或者和解、< /p>

调解不成的，

可以根据仲裁协议向仲裁机构申请仲裁。

< p>
涉外合同的当事人可以根据仲裁协议向中国仲裁机构或者其他仲裁机构申请仲裁。

< br>当事人没

有订立仲裁协议或者仲裁协议无效的，

可以向人 民法院起诉。

当事人应当履行发生法律效力

的判决、仲裁裁决、 调解书；拒不履行的，对方可以请求人民法院执行。

Article 128 The parties may resolve a contractual dispute through settlement or mediation.

Where the parties do not wish to, or are unable to, resolve such dispute through settlement

or mediation, the dispute may be submitted to the relevant arbitration institution for arbitration

in

accordance

with

the

arbitration

agreement

between

the

parties.

Parties

to a

foreign-related

contract

may

apply

to

a

Chinese

arbitration

institution

or

another

arbitration

institution

for

arbitration. Where the parties did not conclude an arbitration agreement, or the

arbitration agreement is invalid, either party may

bring a suit to the People's Court. The parties

shall perform the judgments, arbitration awards or mediation agreements which have taken legal

effect;

if

a

party

refuses

to

perform,

the

other

party

may

request

the

People's

Court

for

enforcement.

第一百二十九条

【特殊时效】

因国际货物买卖合同和技术进出口合同争议提起诉讼或

者申请仲裁的期 限为四年，

自当事人知道或者应当知道其权利受到侵害之日起计算。

因其他

合同争议提起诉讼或者申请仲裁的期限，依照有关法律的规定。

Article

129

For

a

dispute

arising

from

a

contract

for

the

international

sale

of

goods

or

a

technology import or export contract, the time limit for bringing a suit or applying for arbitration

is

four

years,

calculating

from

the

date

on

which

the

party

knows

or

ought

to

know

the

27

infringement on its rights. For a dispute arising from any other type of contract, the time limit for

bringing asuit or applying for arbitration shall be governed by the relevant law.

分则

Specific Provisions

第九章

买卖合同

Chapter 9 Sales Contracts

第一百三十条

【定义】

买卖合同是出卖人转移标的物的所有权于买受人，

买受人支付价款

< p>
的合同。

Article 130 A sales contract is a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of a subject

matter to the buyer, and the buyer pays the price for it.

第一百三十一条

< br>【买卖合同的内容】

买卖合同的内容除依照本法第十二条的规定以外，

< p>
还

可以包括包装方式、检验标准和方法、结算方式、合同使用的文字及其效 力等条款。

Article

131

In

addition

to

the

terms

set

forth

in

Article

12

of

this

Law,

a

sales

contract

may

alsocontain

such

clauses

as

package

manner,

inspection

standards

and

method,

method

of

settlement and clearance, language adopted in the contract and its authenticity.

第一百三十二条

【标的物】

出卖的标的物，

应当属于出卖人所有或者出卖人有权处分。

法律、行政法规禁止或者限制转让的标的物，依照其规定。

Article 132 The subject matter to be sold

shall be owned

by the

seller

or of that the

seller

shall

have the right to dispose.

Where the transfer of a

subject matter is prohibited or restricted by laws

or administrative

regulation, such provision shall be applied.

第一百三十三条

【标的物所有权转移 时间】标的物的所有权自标的物交付时起转移，

但法律另有规定或者当事人另有约定的除 外。

Article

133

The

ownership

of

a

subject

matter

shall

be

transferred

upon

the

delivery

of

the

object,except as otherwise stipulated by law or agreed upon by the parties.

第一百三十四条

【标的物所有权转移 的约定】

当事人可以在买卖合同中约定买受人未

履行支付价款或 者其他义务的，标的物的所有权属于出卖人。

Article 134 The parties to a sales contract may agree that the ownership shall belong to the seller

if the buyer fails to pay the price or perform other obligations.

第一百三十五条

< br>【出卖人的基本义务】

出卖人应当履行向买受人交付标的物或者交付

提取标的物的单证，并转移标的物所有权的义务。

Article 135 The seller

shall perform the obligations of delivering to the buyer the

subject matter

or

handing

over

the

documents

for

the

buyer

to

take

possession

of

the

subject

matter

and

of

transferring the ownership thereto.

第一百三十六条

< br>【有关单证和资料的交付】

出卖人应当按照约定或者交易习惯向买受

人交付提取标的物单证以外的有关单证和资料。

Article 136 In addition to the document for taking possession, the seller shall

deliver to the

28

buyer

the

relevant

documents

and

materials

in

accordance

with

the

agreement

or

transaction

practices.

第一百三十七条

< br>【知识产权归属】

出卖具有知识产权的计算机软件等标的物的，

< br>除法

律另有规定或者当事人另有约定的以外，该标的物的知识产权不属于买受人。

Article

137

In

a

sale

of

any

subject

matter

which

contains

intellectual

property

such

as

computer software, etc., the intellectual property in the subject

matter does

not

belong to the

buyer,except as otherwise provided by law or agreed upon by the parties.

第一百三十八条

【交付的时间】

出卖人应当按照约定的期限交付标的物。

约定交付期

间的，出卖人可以在该交付期间内的任何时间交付。

Article 138 The seller shall

deliver the subject matter by the time limit agreed upon. Where

a time period for delivery is agreed upon, the seller may deliver at any time within the said

time

period.

第一百三十九条

< br>【交付时间的推定】

当事人没有约定标的物的交付期限或者约定不明

确的，适用本法第六十一条、第六十二条第四项的规定。

Article

139

Where

the

time

limit

for

delivery

of

the

subject

matter

is

not

agreed

upon

between

the

parties

or

the

agreement

is

not

clear,

the

provisions

of

Article

61

and

Item

4

of

Article 62 shall be applied.

第一百四十条

【占有标的物与交付时 间】标的物在订立合同之前已为买受人占有的，

合同生效的时间为交付时间。

< p>

Article 140 Where a subject matter has been possessed by the buyer prior to the conclusion

of the contract, the delivery time shall be the time when the contract becomes effective.

第一百四十一条

【交付的地点】出卖人应当按照约定的地点交付标的物。

当事人没有约定交付地点或者约定 不明确，依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的，

适用下列规定：

（一）标的物需要运输的， 出卖人应当将标的物交付给第一承运人以运交给买受人；

（二 ）

标的物不需要运输，

出卖人和买受人订立合同时知道标的物在 某一地点的，

出卖

人应当在该地点交付标的物；

不知道标的物在某一地点的，

应当在出卖人订立合同时的营业

< br>地交付标的物。

Article 141 The seller shall deliver the subject matter at the agreed place.

Where

there

is

no

agreement

between

the

parties

as

to

the

place

to

deliver

the

subject

matter or such agreement is not clear, nor can it

be determined according to the provisions

of

Article 61 of this Law, the following provisions shall be applied:

(1)

if

the

subject

matter

needs

carriage,

the

seller

shall

deliver

the

subject

matter

to

the

first

carrier so as to hand it over to the buyer;

(2) if the subject matter does not need carriage, and the seller and buyer

know the

place of the

subject matter when concluding the contract, the seller

shall

deliver the subject matter at such

place; if the place is unknown, the subject matter shall be delivered at the business

place of the

seller when concluding the contract.

29

第一百四十二条

【标的物的风险负担 】

标的物毁损、

灭失的风险，

在标的物 交付之前

由出卖人承担，交付之后由买受人承担，但法律另有规定或者当事人另有约定的 除外。

Article 142 The risk of damage to or loss of a subject matter shall be borne by the seller prior

to

the

delivery

of

the

subject

matter

and

by

the

buyer

after

delivery,

except

as

otherwise

stipulated by law or agreed upon by the parties.

第一百四十三条

【买受人违约交付的 风险承担】

因买受人的原因致使标的物不能按照

约定的期限交付 的，买受人应当自违反约定之日起承担标的物毁损、灭失的风险。

Article 143 Where a subject matter cannot be delivered at the agreed time limit due to any

reasons attributable to the buyer, the buyer shall bear the risk of damage to or loss of the subject

matter as of the date it breaches the agreement.

第一百四十四条

【在途标的物的风险 承担】

出卖人出卖交由承运人运输的在途标的物，

除当事人另有 约定的以外，毁损、灭失的风险自合同成立时起由买受人承担。

Article 144 Where the seller sells a subject matter delivered to a carrier for carriage and is in

transit,

unless

otherwise

agreed

upon

by

the

parties,

the

risk

of

damage

to

or

missing

of

the

subject matter shall be borne by the buyer as of the time of establishment of the contract.

第一百四十五条

【标的物交付给第一 承运人后的风险承担】

当事人没有约定交付地点

或者约定不明确 ，

依照本法第一百四十一条第二款第一项的规定标的物需要运输的，

出卖人

将标的物交付给第一承运人后，标的物毁损、灭失的风险由买受人承担。

Article 145 Where there is no agreement between the parties as to the place of delivery or

such agreement is not clearly, and the subject matter needs carriage according to the provisions

of Item 1 of Paragraph 2 of Article 141 of this Law, the risk of damage to or missing of the subject

matter shall be borne by the buyer after the seller has delivered the subject matter to the first

carrier

.

第一百四十六条

【买受人不履行接收 标的物义务的风险承担】

出卖人按照约定或者依

照本法第一百四 十一条第二款第二项的规定将标的物置于交付地点，

买受人违反约定没有收

取的，标的物毁损、灭失的风险自违反约定之日起由买受人承担。

Article

146

Where

the

seller

has

placed

the

subject

matter

at

the

place

of

delivery

in

accordance with the agreement or in accordance with the provisions of Item 2 of Paragraph 2 of

Article 141 of this Law, while the buyer fails to take delivery in breach of the agreement, the risk

of

damage

to

or

missing

of

the

subject

matter

shall

be

borne

by

the

buyer

as

of

the

date

of

breach of theagreement.

第一百四十七条

【未交付单证、

资料与风险承担】

出卖人按照约定未交付有关标的物

的单证和资料的，不影响标的物毁损、灭失风险的转移。

Article 147 The failure of the

seller to deliver the documents and materials relating to the

subject matter as agreed upon shall not affect the passing of the risk of damage to or missing of

the subject matter

.

第一百四十八条

【标的物的瑕疵担保 责任】

因标的物质量不符合质量要求，

致使不能

实现合同目的的，

买受人可以拒绝接受标的物或者解除合同。

< br>买受人拒绝接受标的物或者解

30

除合同的，标的物毁损、灭失的风险由出卖人承担。

Article

148

Where

the

quality

of

the

subject

matter

does

not

conform

to

the

quality

requirements, making it impossible to achieve the purpose of the contract, the buyer may refuse

to accept the

subject matter or

may terminate the contract. If the buyer refuses to accept the

subject matter or terminate the contract, the risk of damage to or missing of the

subject matter

shall be borne by the seller.

第一百四十九条

【风险承担不影响瑕 疵担保】

标的物毁损、

灭失的风险由买受人承担

的，不影响因出卖人履行债务不符合约定，买受人要求其承担违约责任的权利。

Article

149

Where

the

risk

of

damage

to

or

missing

of

the

subject

matter

is

borne

by

the

buyer, the buyer's right to demand the

seller to bear liability for breach of contract because the

seller's

performance

of

its

obligations

is

not

in

conformity

with

the

agreement

shall

not

be

affected.

第一百五十条

【标的物权利瑕疵担保 】

出卖人就交付的标的物，

负有保证第三人不得

向买受人主张任何权利的义务，但法律另有规定的除外。

Article 150 Unless otherwise provided by law, the seller shall have the obligation to warrant

that

no

third

party

shall

exercise

against

the

buyer

any

rights

with

respect

to

the

delivered

subject matter

.

第一百五十一条

【权利瑕疵担保责任 和免除】

买受人订立合同时知道或者应当知道第

三人对买卖的标 的物享有权利的，出卖人不承担本法第一百五十条规定的义务。

Article

151

Where

the

buyer

knows

or

ought

to

know,

at

the

time

of

conclusion

of

the

contract, that a third party has rights on the subject matter to be sold, the seller does not assume

the obligation prescribed in Article 150 of this Law.

第一百五十二条

【中止支付价款权】

买受人有确切证据证明第三人可能就标的物主张

权利的，可以中 止支付相应的价款，但出卖人提供适当担保的除外。

Article 152 Where the buyer has conclusive evidence to demonstrate that a third party may

claim rights on the subject matter, it may suspend to pay the corresponding price, except where

the seller provides a appropriate guaranty.

第一百五十三条

【标的物的瑕疵担保 】出卖人应当按照约定的质量要求交付标的物。

出卖人提供有关标的物质量说明的，交付 的标的物应当符合该说明的质量要求。

Article 153 The seller shall deliver the subject matter in compliance with the agreed quality

requirements. Where the seller gives the quality specifications for the subject matter, the subject

matter delivered shall comply with the quality requirements set forth therein.

第一百五十四条

【法定质量担保】< /p>

当事人对标的物的质量要求没有约定或者约定不明

确，依照本法第 六十一条的规定仍不能确定的，适用本法第六十二条第一项的规定。

Article

154

Where

the

quality

requirements

for

the

subject

matter

is

not

agreed

between

parties or such agreement is not clear, nor can it

be

determined according to the provisions

of

Article 61 of this Law, the provisions of Item 1 of Article 62 of this Law shall be applied.

31

第一百五十五条

【承受人权利】

出卖人交付的标的物不符合质量要求的，

买受人可以

依照本法第一百一十一条的规定要求承担违约责任。

Article

155

If

the

subject

matter

delivered

by

the

seller

fails

to

comply

with

the

quality

requirements,the

buyer

may

demand

the

seller

to

bear

liability

for

breach

of

contract

in

accordance with Article 111 of this Law.

第一百五十六条

【标的物包装方式】

出卖人应当按照约定的包装方式交付标的物。

对

包装方式没有约定或者约定不明确，

依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的，

应当按照通

用的方式包装，没有通用方式的，应当采取足以保护 标的物的包装方式。

Article 156 The seller shall deliver the subject matter packed in the agreed manner. Where

there is no agreement on package manner in the contract or the agreement is not clear, nor can

it be determined according to the provisions of Article 61 of this Law, the subject matter shall be

packed in a general manner, and if no general manner, a package manner enough to protect the

subject matter shall be adopted.

第一百五十七条

【买受人的检验义务 】

买受人收到标的物时应当在约定的检验期间内

检验。没有约定 检验期间的，应当及时检验。

Article 157 Upon receipt of the

subject matter

, the buyer shall inspect it within the agreed

inspection

period.

Where

no

inspection

period

is

agreed,

the

buyer

shall

timely

inspect

the

subject matter

.

第一百五十八条

【买受人的通知义务 及免除】

当事人约定检验期间的，

买受人应当在

检验期间内将标的物的数量或者质量不符合约定的情形通知出卖人。

买受人怠于 通知的，

视

为标的物的数量或者质量符合约定。

当事人没有约定检验期 间的，

买受人应当在发现或者应当发现标的物的数量或者质量不

符合约定的合理期间内通知出卖人。

买受人在合理期间内未通知或者自标的物收到之日起 两

年内未通知出卖人的，视为标的物的数量或者质量符合约定，但对标的物有质量保证期 的，

适用质量保证期，不适用该两年的规定。

出卖人知道或者应当知道提供的标的物不符合约定的，

买受人不受前两款规定的 通知时

间的限制。

Article 158 Where the parties have agreed upon an inspection period, the buyer shall notify

the

seller

of

any

non-compliance

in

quantity

or

quality

of

the

subject

matter

within

such

inspection

the buyer delayed

in

notifying the

seller, the quantity or quality of the

subject matter is deemed to comply with the contract.

Where no inspection period is agreed, the buyer

shall

notify the

seller within a reasonable

period,

commencing

on

the

date

when

the

buyer

discovered

or

should

have

discovered

the

quantity or quality non-compliance. If the buyer fails to notify within a reasonable period or fails

to

notify

within

2

years,

commencing

on

the

date

when

it

received

the

subject

matter,

the

quantity

or quality

of the

subject matter is

deemed to comply with the contract, except that if

there

is

a

warranty

period

in

respect

of

the

subject

matter,

the

warranty

period

applies

and

supersedes such two year period.

Where

the

seller

knows

or

ought

to

know

the

non-compliance

of

the

subject

matter,

the

buyer

is

not

subject

to

the

time

limits

for

notification

prescribed

in

the

preceding

two

paragraphs.

32

第一百五十九条

【买受人的基本义务 】

买受人应当按照约定的数额支付价款。

对价款

没有约定或者约定不明确的，适用本法第六十一条、第六十二条第二项的规定。

Article

159

The

buyer

shall

pay

the

price

in

the

agreed

amount.

Where

the

price

is

not

agreed or the agreement is not clear, the provisions of Article 61 and Item 2 of Article 62 shall be

applied.

第一百六十条

【支付价款的地点】

买受人应当按照约定的地点支付价款。

对支付地点

没有约定或者约定不明确，

依照本法第六十一条的规 定仍不能确定的，

买受人应当在出卖人

的营业地支付，

但约定支付价款以交付标的物或者交付提取标的物单证为条件的，

在交付 标

的物或者交付提取标的物单证的所在地支付。

Article 160 The buyer shall pay the price at the agreed place. Where the place of payment is

not agreed or the agreement is not clear, nor can it be determined according to the provisions of

Article 61

of this Law, the buyer shall

make payment at the seller's place

of business,

provided

that if the parties agreed that payment shall

be conditional upon delivery of the

subject matter

or

the

document

for

taking

delivery

thereof,

payment

shall

be

made

at

the

place

where

the

subject matter

, or the document for taking delivery thereof, is delivered.

第一百六十一条

< br>【支付价款的时间】

买受人应当按照约定的时间支付价款。

对支付时

间没有约定或者约定不明确，

依照本法第六十一条的 规定仍不能确定的，

买受人应当在收到

标的物或者提取标的物单 证的同时支付。

Article 161 The buyer shall pay the price at the agreed time. Where the time for payment is

not agreed or the agreement is not clear

, nor can it be determined in accordance with Article 61

of this Law, the buyer shall make payment at the same time it receives the subject matter or the

document fortaking delivery thereof.

第一百六十二条

< br>【多交标的物的处理】

出卖人多交标的物的，

买受人可以 接收或者拒

绝接收多交的部分。

买受人接收多交部分的，

按照合同的价格支付价款；

买受人拒绝接收多

交部分的，应当及时通知出卖人。

Article

162

Where

the

seller

delivers

the

subject

matter

in

a

quantity

greater

than

that

agreed

in

the

contract,

the

buyer

may

accept

or

reject

the

excess

quantity.

Where

the

buyer

accepts

the

excess

quantity,

it

shall

pay

the

price

based

on

the

contract rate;

where the

buyer

rejects the excess quantity, it shall timely notify the seller.

第一百六十三条

【标的物孳息的归属 】

标的物在交付之前产生的孳息，

归出卖人所有，

交付之后产生的孳息，归买受人所有。

Article 163 The fruits

of the

subject matter belong to the seller if accrued before

delivery,

and to the buyer if accrued after delivery.

第一百六十四条

【解除合同与主物的 关系】

因标的物的主物不符合约定而解除合同的，

解除合同的效 力及于从物。因标的物的从物不符合约定被解除的，解除的效力不及于主物。

Article 164 Where a contract is terminated due to non-compliance

of any main component

of the subject matter, the effect of termination extends to the ancillary components. Where the

contract is terminated due to non-compliance of any ancillary component of the subject matter,

33

the effect of termination does not extend to the main components.

第一百六十五条

< br>【数物并存的合同解除】

标的物为数物，

其中一物不符合 约定的，

买

受人可以就该物解除，

但该 物与他物分离使标的物的价值显受损害的，

当事人可以就数物解

除合同。

Article 165 Where the subject matter comprises

of a number of components, one of which

does

not

comply

with

the

contract,

the

buyer

may

terminate

the

portion

of

the

contract

in

respect

of

such

component,

provided

that

if

severance

of

such

component

with

the

other

components will

significantly diminish the value of the subject matter

, the party may terminate

the contract in respect of such number of components.

第一百六十六条

< br>【分批交付标的物的合同解除】

出卖人分批交付标的物的，

出卖人对

其中一批标的物不交付或者交付不符合约定，

致使该 批标的物不能实现合同目的的，

买受人

可以就该批标的物解除。

出卖人不交付其中一批标的物或者交付不符合约定，

致使今后其他各 批标的物的交付不

能实现合同目的的，买受人可以就该批以及今后其他各批标的物解除。

买受人如果就其中一批标的物解除，

该批标的物与其他各批标的物相互依存的，

可以就已经

交付和未 交付的各批标的物解除。

Article 166 Where the

seller

is to deliver the

subject matter in installments, if the seller fails to

deliver

one

installment

of

the

subject

matter

or

the

delivery

fails

to

satisfy

the

terms

of

the

contract

so

that

the

said

installment

cannot

realize

the

contract

purpose,

the

buyer

may

terminate the portion of the contract in respect thereof.

If the seller fails to deliver one installment of the subject matter or the delivery fails to satisfy

the terms of the contract so that the

delivery of the subsequent installments of subject

matter

can

not

realize

the

contract

purpose,

the

buyer

may

terminate

the

portion

of

the

contract

in

respect of such installment as well as any subsequent installment.

If the buyer is to terminate the portion of the contract in respect of a particular installment

which is interdependent with all other installments, it may terminate the contract in respect of all

delivered and undelivered installments.

第一百六十七条

【分期付款买卖中的 合同解除】

分期付款的买受人未支付到期价款的

金额达到全部价 款的五分之一的，出卖人可以要求买受人支付全部价款或者解除合同。

出卖人解除合同的，可以向买受人要求支付该标的物的使用费。

Article

167

In

a

sale

by

installment

payment,

where

the

buyer

fails

to

make

payments

as

they became due,if the delinquent amount has reached one fifth of the total price, the seller may

require

payment

of

the

full

price

from

the

buyer

or

terminate

the

contract.

If

the

seller

terminates the contract, it may require the buyer to pay a fee for its use of the subject matter.

第一百六十八条

【样品买卖】

凭样品买卖的当事人应当封存样品，

并可以对样品质量

予以说明。出卖人交付的标的物应当与样品及其说明的质量相同。

Article

168

In

a

sale

by

sample,

the

parties

shall

place

the

sample

under

seal,

and

may

specify the quality of the sample. The subject matter delivered by the seller shall comply with the

sample as well as the quality specifications.

34

第一百六十九条

【样品买卖特殊责任 】

凭样品买卖的买受人不知道样品有隐蔽瑕疵的，

即使交付的标 的物与样品相同，

出卖人交付的标的物的质量仍然应当符合同种物的通常标准。

Article 169 In a sale by sample, if the buyer is not aware of a latent defect in the sample, the

subject matter delivered by the seller shall nevertheless comply with the normal quality standard

for a like item, even though the subject matter delivered complies with t

he sample.

第一百七十条

【试用买卖的试用期间 】

试用买卖的当事人可以约定标的物的试用期间。

对试用期间没 有约定或者约定不明确，

依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的，

由出卖人

确定。

Article 170 In a

sale by trial, the parties may agree the trial period. Where a trial period

is

not agreed or the agreement is not clear

, nor can it be determined in accordance with Article 61

of this Law, it shall be determined by the seller.

第一百七十一条

【买受人对标的物的 认可】

试用买卖的买受人在试用期内可以购买标

的物，也可以拒 绝购买。试用期间届满，买受人对是否购买标的物未作表示的，视为购买。

Article

171

In

a

sale

by

trial,

the

buyer

may

either

purchase

or

reject

the

subject

matter

during

the

trial

period.

At

the

end

of

the

trial

period,

the

buyer

is

deemed

to

have

made

the

purchase if it fails to demonstrate its intent to purchase or reject the subject matter.

第一百七十二条

【招标投标买卖】< /p>

招标投标买卖的当事人的权利和义务以及招标投标

程序等，依照有 关法律、行政法规的规定。

Article 172 In a sale by tender, matters such as the rights and obligations of the parties and

the tendering procedure, etc. are governed by the relevant laws and administrative regulations.

第一百七十三条

【拍卖】

< p>
拍卖的当事人的权利和义务以及拍卖程序等，

依照有关法律、

行政法规的规定。

Article 173 In a sale by auction, matters such as the rights and obligations of the parties and

the auctioning procedure, etc. are governed by the relevant laws and administrative regulations.

第一百七十四条

< br>【买卖合同准用于有偿合同】

法律对其他有偿合同有规定的，

依照其

规定；没有规定的，参照买卖合同的有关规定。

Article

174

If

there

are

provisions

in

the

law

for

other

non-gratuitous

contracts,

such

provisions shall apply; in the absence of such provisions, reference shall be made to the relevant

provision on sales contract.

第一百七十五条

【互易合同】

当事人约定易货交易，

转移标的物的所有权的，

参照买

卖合同的有关规定。

Article 175 Where the parties agree on a barter transaction involving transfer of title to the

subject

matters,

such

transaction

shall

be

governed

by

reference

to

the

relevant

provisions

on

sales contracts.

35

第十章

供用电、水、气、热力合同

Chapter 10 Contracts for Supply of Power, Water, Gas, Or

Heat

第一百七十六条

【定义】

< p>
供用电合同是供电人向用电人供电，

用电人支付电费的合同。

Article

176

A

power

supply

contract

is

a

contract

whereby

the

power

supplier

supplies

power to the power customer, and the power consumer pay an electricity fee.

第一百七十七条

< br>【主要条款】供用电合同的内容包括供电的方式、质量、时间，用电

容量、地址、 性质，计量方式，电价、电费的结算方式，供用电设施的维护责任等条款。

Article

177

The

contents

of

a

power

supply

contract

include

terms

such

as

the

method,

quality, and time

of

power

supply, and the capacity, location and

nature of

power

use, and

the

metering

method,electricity

rate,

the

method

of

settlement

of

electricity

fees,

and

the

responsibility for maintenance of the power supply and use facilities, etc..

第一百七十八条

【履行地】

供用电合同的履行地点，

按照当事人约定；

当事 人没有约

定或者约定不明确的，供电设施的产权分界处为履行地点。

Article 178 The place of

performance

of a power supply contract shall

be the

place agreed

upon

by

the

parties,

and

if

there

is

no

agreement

or

the

agreement

is

not

clear,

the

place

of

performance shall be the boundary where ownership of the power supply facilities is divided.

第一百七十九条

【安全供电义务及责 任】

供电人应当按照国家规定的供电质量标准和

约定安全供电。

供电人未按照国家规定的供电质量标准和约定安全供电，

造成用 电人损失的，

应当承担损害赔偿责任。

Article 179 The power supplier shall supply power in a safe manner in accordance with the

standards for power supply stipulated by the State and with the terms of the contract. Where the

power supplier fails to supply power in a safe manner in accordance with the standards for power

supply

stipulated by the

State and with the terms of the contract, thereby causing losses to the

power

customer, it shall be liable for damages.

第一百八十条

【中断供电的通知义务 】

供电人因供电设施计划检修、

临时检修、

依法

限电或者用电人违法用电等原因，

需要中断供电时，< /p>

应当按照国家有关规定事先通知用电人。

未事先通知用电人中断供 电，造成用电人损失的，应当承担损害赔偿责任。

Article 180

Where the power

supplier needs to suspend the

power

supply due to reasons

such as

planned maintenance or provisional

inspection and repair of the

power supply facilities,

legally restriction on power, or illegal use of power by the power customer, etc., it shall notify the

power customer in advance

in accordance with the relevant provisions of the

State. Where the

power

supplier

suspends

power

supply

without

notifying

the

power

customer

in

advance,

thereby

causing losses to the power customer, it shall be liable for damages.

第一百八十一条

【不可抗力断电的抢 修义务】

因自然灾害等原因断电，

供电人应当按

照国家有关规定及时抢修。

未及时抢修，

造成用电人损 失的，

应当承担损害赔偿责任。

Article

181

Where

the

power

supply

is

suspended

due

to

a

natural

disaster

or

other

causes,

the

36

power supplier shall make prompt repairs in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State.

Where

the

power

supplier

fails

to

make

prompt

repair,

thereby

causing

loss

to

the

power

customer, it shall be liable for damages.

第一百八十二条

【用电人交付电费义务】

用电人应当按照国家有关规定和当事人 的约

定及时交付电费。

用电人逾期不交付电费的，

应当按照约定支付违约金。

经催告用电人在合

理期限 内仍不交付电费和违约金的，供电人可以按照国家规定的程序中止供电。

Article 182 The power customer shall timely

pay the electricity fees in accordance with the

relevant provisions of the State and with the terms

of the contract. Where the power customer

delays in paying the electricity fees, it shall pay breach of contract damages in accordance with

the contract. Where the power customer fails to pay the electricity fees and breach of contract

damages within a reasonable time limit after receiving demand for payment, the power supplier

may shut off the power supply in accordance with the procedure prescribed by the state.

第一百八十三条

【安全用电义务】< /p>

用电人应当按照国家有关规定和当事人的约定安全

用电。

用电人未按照国家有关规定和当事人的约定安全用电，

造成供电人损失的 ，

应当承担

损害赔偿责任。

Article 183 The

power customer shall

use power in a safe manner

in accordance with the

relevant provisions of the State and with the terms

of the contract. Where the power customer

fails to

use

power in a safe manner in accordance with the relevant provisions of the

State and

with the terms of the contract, thereby causing losses to the power supplier, it shall be liable for

damages.

第一百八十四条

【供用水、气、热力 合同】供用水、供用气、供用热力合同，参照供

用电合同的有关规定。

< br>

Article 184 A contract for the supply of water

, gas or heat shall be governed by reference to

the relevant provisions on power supply contracts.

第十一章

赠与合同

Chapter 11 Gift Contracts

第一百八十五条

【定义】

< p>
赠与合同是赠与人将自己的财产无偿给予受赠人，

受赠人表

示接受赠与的合同。

Article

185

A

gift

contract

is

a

contract

whereby

the

donor

conveys

his

property

to

the

donee gratuitously and the donee expresses his acceptance of the gift.

第一百八十六条

【赠与合同的任意撤 销与限制】

赠与人在赠与财产的权利转移之前可

以撤销赠与。< /p>

具有救灾、

扶贫等社会公益、

道德义务性质的赠与合同或者经过公证的赠与合同，

不适

用前款规定。

Article 186 Prior to the transfer of rights to the gift property, the donor may revoke the gift.

The provisions of the preceding paragraph does not apply to any gift contract the nature of

which serves the public interests or fulfills a moral obligation, such as disaster relief, poverty relief,

etc., or any gift contract which has been notarized.

37

第一百八十七条

【赠与的登记等手续 】

赠与的财产依法需要办理登记等手续的，

应当

办理有关手续。

Article

187

Where

conveyance

of

the

gifted

property

is

subject

to

such

procedures

as

registration according to law, the relevant procedures shall be carried out.

第一百八十八条

< br>【受赠人的交付请求权】

具有救灾、

扶贫等社会公益、< /p>

道德义务性质

的赠与合同或者经过公证的赠与合同，赠与人不交付 赠与的财产的，受赠人可以要求交付。

Article 188 In the case

of a gift contract the nature of which

serves the

public interests or

fulfills a

moral obligation, such as disaster relief, poverty relief, etc., or a gift contract which has

been notarized, if the donor fails to deliver the gift property, the donee may require delivery.

第一百八十九条

【赠与人责任】

因赠与人故意或者重大过失致使赠与的财产毁损、

灭

失的，赠与人应当承担损害赔偿责任。

Article 189 Where the gifted property is damaged or lost due to any intentional misconduct

or gross negligence of the donor, he shall be liable for damages.

第一百九十条

【附义务赠与】赠与可以附义务。

赠与附义务的，受赠人应当按照约定履行义务。

Article 190 A gift may be conditioned on an obligation.

Where

the

gift

is

conditioned

on

an

obligation,

the

donee

shall

perform

his

obligations

in

accordance with the contract.

第一百九十一条

【赠与的瑕疵担保责 任】赠与的财产有瑕疵的，赠与人不承担责任。

附义务的赠与，赠与的财产有瑕疵的，赠 与人在附义务的限度内承担与出卖人相同的责任。

赠与人故意 不告知瑕疵或者保证无瑕疵，造成受赠人损失的，应当承担损害赔偿责任。

Article

191

The

donor

is

not

liable

for

any

defect

in

the

gifted

property.

Where

the

gift

is

conditioned

on

an

obligation,

and

the

gifted

property

is

defective,

the

donor

has

the

same

warranty obligations as a seller to the extent of the prescribed obligations.

Where

the

donor

intentionally

omits

to

inform

the

donee

of

the

defect

or

warranted

the

absence of any defect, thereby causing losses to the donee, he shall be liable for damages.

第一百九十二条

< br>【赠与的法定撤销】

受赠人有下列情形之一的，

赠与人可 以撤销赠与：

（一）严重侵害赠与人或者赠与人的近亲属；

（二）对赠与人有扶养义务而不履行；

（三）不履行赠与合同约定的义务。

赠与人的撤销权，自知道或者应当知道撤销原因之日起一年内行使。

Article 192 Where the donee is in any of the following circumstances, the donor may revoke

the gift:

(1) seriously harming the donor or any immediate family member thereof;

(2) failing to perform support obligations owed to the donor;

(3) failing to perform the obligations under the gift contract.

The

donor

shall

exercise

its

revocation

right

within

one

year

after

he

knows,

or

ought

to

know, the cause for revocation.

38

第一百九十三条

< br>【赠与人的继承人或法定代理人的撤销权】

因受赠人的违法行为致使

赠与人死亡或者丧失民事行为能力的，赠与人的继承人或者法定代理人可以撤销赠与。

赠与人的继承人或者法定代理人的撤销权，

自知道或 者应当知道撤销原因之日起六个月

内行使。

Article 193 Where the donor is deceased or incapacitated due to the donee's illegal act, his

heir or legal agent may revoke the gift.

The heir or legal agent of the donor

shall exercise the right of revocation within six months

after he knows, or ought to know, the cause for revocation.

第一百九十四条

【赠与财产的返还】

撤销权人撤销赠与的，

可以向受赠人要求返还赠

与的财产。

Article

194

Upon

revocation

of

the

gift,

the

person

with

the

revocation

right

may

claim

restitution of the gifted property from the donee.

第一百九十五条

【赠与义务的免除】

赠与人的经济状况显著恶化，

严重影响其生产经

营或者家庭生活的，可以不再履行赠与义务。

Article 195 If the donor's economic situation is deteriorated significantly, thereby seriously

impacting on his business operation or family life, he may no longer perform the gift obligations.

第十二章

借款合同

Chapter 12 Contracts for Loan of Money

第一百九十六条

【定义】

< p>
借款合同是借款人向贷款人借款，

到期返还借款并支付利息

的合同。

Article 196 A contract for loan of money is a contract whereby the borrower borrows a sum

of

money

from

the

lender,

and

repays

the

borrowed

money

with

interest

thereon

when

it

becomes due.

第一百九十七条

< br>【合同形式及主要条款】

借款合同采用书面形式，

但自然 人之间借款

另有约定的除外。

借款合 同的内容包括借款种类、币种、用途、数额、利率、期限和还款方式等条款。

Article

197

A

contract

for

loan

of

money

shall

be

in

writing,

except

where

the

loan

is

between natural persons who have agreed otherwise.

The

contents

of

a

contract

for

loan

of

money

include

the

terms

such

as

the

loan's

type,currency, purpose, amount, interest rate, term and method of repayment, etc.

第一百九十八条

【合同的担保】

订立借款合同，

贷款人可以要求借款人提供担保。

< br>担

保依照《中华人民共和国担保法》的规定。

Article

198

In

entering

into

a

contract

for

loan

of

money,

the

lender

may

require

the

borrower to provide a guaranty. The guaranty shall conform to the provisions of the

Security Law

of the People's Republic of China.

第一百九十九条

【借款人提供其真实 情况的义务】

订立借款合同，

借款人应当按照贷

款人的要求提供与借款有关的业务活动和财务状况的真实情况。

Article

199

In

entering

into

a

contract

for

loan

of

money,

the

borrower

shall

provide

true

39

information concerning its business operation and financial condition in connection with the loan

as required by the lender.

第二百条

【利息的预先扣除】

借款的利息不得预先在本金中扣除。

利息预先在本金中

扣除的，应当按照实际借款数额返还借款并计算利息 。

Article 200 No interest shall be deducted from the principal in advance. Where any interest

amount is deducted from the principal in advance, the repayment of principal and calculation of

interest shall be based on the actual amount borrowed.

第二百零一条

【贷款违约责任】

贷款人未按照约定的日期、数额提供借款，

造成借款

人损失的，应当赔偿损失。

借款人未按照约定的日期 、数额收取借款的，应当按照约定的日期、数额支付利息。

Article

201

Where

the

lender

fails

to

make

the

loan

amount

available

on

the

agreed

date

and in the agreed amount, thereby causing losses to the borrower, it shall pay damages.

Where

the

borrower

fails

to

draw

down

on

the

agreed

date

and

in

the

agreed

amount,

it

shall nevertheless pay the interest on the agreed date and in the agreed amount.

第二百零二条

【贷款人的检查、

监督权】

贷款人按照约定可以检查、

监督借 款的使用情况。

借款人应当按照约定向贷款人定期提供有关财务会计报表等资料。

Article 202 The lender may examine and monitor the application

of the

proceeds

in accordance

with

the

contract.

The

borrower

shall

periodically

provide

the

lender

with

materials

such

as

related financial and accounting reports, etc. in accordance with the contract.

第二百零三条

【借款使用的限制】

借款人未按照约定的借款用途使用借款的，

贷款人

可以停止发放借款、提前收回借款或者解除合同。

Article

203

Where

the

borrower

fails

to

use

the

proceeds

for

the

prescribed

purpose,

the

lender may withhold funding, call the loan, or terminate the contract.

第二百零四条

【利率】

办理贷款业务的金融机构贷款的利率，

应当按照中国人民银行

规定的贷款利率的上下限确定。

Article

204

The

interest

rate

on

the

loan

provided

by

a

financial

institution

engaged

in

lending operation shall

be determined

between the minimum and maximum rates fixed by the

People's Bank of China.

第二百零五条

【利息的支付】

借款人应当按照约定的期限支付利息。

对支付利息的期

限没有约定或者约定不明确，

依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定，

借款期间不满一年的，

应当在返还借款时一并支付；

借款期间一年以上的，

应当在每届满一年时支付，

剩余期间 不

满一年的，应当在返还借款时一并支付。

Article

205

The

borrower

shall

pay

the

interest

at

the

agreed

time.

Where

the

time

of

interest

payment

is

not

agreed

or

the

agreement

is

not

clear,

nor

can

it

be

determined

in

accordance with Article 61 of this Law, if the loan term is less than one year, the interest shall be

paid together with the principal at the time of repayment; if the loan term is one year or longer,

the interest shall

be paid at the end of each annual period, and where the remaining period

is

less than one year, the interest shall be paid together with the principal at the time of repayment.

40

第二百零六条

【借款的返还期限】

借款人应当按照约定的期限返还借款。

对借款期限

没有约定或者约定不明确，

依照本法第六十一条的规 定仍不能确定的，

借款人可以随时返还；

贷款人可以催告借款人 在合理期限内返还。

Article

206

The

borrower

shall

repay

the

principal

at

the

agreed time.

Where

the

time

of

repayment is

not agreed or the agreement is not clear, nor can it be

determined in accordance

with

Article

61

of

this

Law,

the

borrower

may

repay

at any

time;

and

the

lender

may

demand

repayment from the borrower within a reasonable time limit.

第二百零七条

【逾期利息】

借款人未按照约定的期限返还借款的，

应当按照约定或者

国家有关规定支付逾期利息。

Article

207

Where

the

borrower

fails

to

repay

the

loan

at

the

agreed

time,

it

shall

pay

delayed

repayment

interest

in

accordance

with

the

contract

or

the

relevant

provisions

of

the

State.

第二百零八条

【提前偿还借款的利息 计算】

借款人提前偿还借款的，

除当事人另有约

定的以外，应当按照实际借款的期间计算利息。

Article 208

Where the

borrower

prepays the loan,

unless otherwise agreed by the

parties,

the interest shall be calculated based on the actual period of loan.

第二百零九条

【借款展期】

借款人可以在还款期限届满之前向贷款人申请展期。

贷款

人同意的，可以展期。

Article 209 The borrower may apply to the

lender for extension of the loan term before its

maturity. Upon consent by the lender, the loan term may be extended.

第二百一十条

【自然人间借款合同的生效时间】

自然人之间的借款合同，

自贷款人提

供借款时生效。

Article 210 A contract for loan of money between natural persons becomes effective at the

time the lender makes the loan amount available.

第二百一十一条

【自然人间借款合同 的利率】

自然人之间的借款合同对支付利息没有

约定或者约定不 明确的，

视为不支付利息。

自然人之间的借款合同约定支付利息 的，

借款的

利率不得违反国家有关限制借款利率的规定。

Article

211

Under

a

contract

for

loan

of

money

between

natural

persons,

if

payment

of

interest is not agreed or the agreement is not clear, the loan is deemed interest free.

Under a contract for loan of money

between natural persons, the interest rate on the loan

may not contravene the relevant provisions of the State concerning limit on loan interest rate.

第十三章

租赁合同

Chapter 13 Leasing Contracts

第二百一十二条

【定义】

< p>
租赁合同是出租人将租赁物交付承租人使用、

收益，

承租人

支付租金的合同。

Article

212

A

leasing

contract

is

a

contract

whereby

the

lessor

delivers

to

the

lessee

the

lease item for it to use or accrue benefit from, and the lessee pays the rent.

41