-
Spend
和
take
的区别
一、简单的记住两个句型就行:
It take sb. sometime to do sth.
spend on /spend doing
详细解释:
Spend:
spend
作动词用,
意思是
< br>“
花费(钱、
时间)
;度过
p>
”
。常与介词
on
连用,短语
spend…on…
表示
“
在某事
/
物上花费钱或时间
”
。如:
He
spent a lot of money on books.
spend…on
后面
通常跟名词
,若为动词,要用
spend, in
doing
sth
花费财力或时间做某事。
如:
I
spent half an hour in copying the text.
My mother
spends an hour on the housework every clay.
take
当
“
花费
”
讲时,常用在句型
It takes sb. some time to do sth
中
,它表示
“
花费
某人一段
时间
做某事
”
。句型中的<
/p>
it
是形式主语
,不定式知语
to do sth
是真正的主语
,
take
的形式随
时间状语而变
。如:
It takes me two hours to do my homework
every day.
It
took them ten years to finish the invention.
It will take
her three hours to get there by bike next time.
p>
要表达
“
花钱买东西
”
可以用
lost, pay
和
p>
spend
;
要表达
“
花时间做某
”
可以用
spend
和
take
。<
/p>
如:
The jacket cost him 98
yuan.
He paid
98 yuan for the jacket.
He spent 98 yuan on the jacket.
She spends half
an hour on English in the morning.
It takes her half an hour
to learn English in the morning.
均可表示
“
花费
”
,但在用法和搭配等有很大区别。现分述如下:
一、从所涉及的
主
语
来看
spend
的主语
只能是人
,不能是事或物;
take
的主语可以是事或
物
(
包括形式主语
< br>it)
也可
以是人。如:
I have spent all day looking for you.
我花了
1
整天找你。
It took me
an hour to write the letter.
我写这封信花了
1
个小时。
The letter
took me an hour (to write).
(
译文同上
)
I took an
hour to write the letter.
(
译文同上
)
2.
从所涉及的
宾语
来看
take
的宾语
p>
通常是时间
,而
spend
的宾语则
可以是时间或钱
。如:
It took her
two hours to walk to the station.
走路去车站花了她两小时。
He
spends much time (money) on books.
他花了很
多时间读
(
钱买
)
书。
按传统语法,
take
的宾语通常是
时间,但在现代英语中,用钱作其宾语的现象已很普遍。
如:
It takes a lot of money to buy a house.
买一座房子要花一大笔钱。
3.
从所采用的
句型结构
来看
(1)
通常句型为:
sb spends
time (money) on sth
某人在某一方面花多少钱
sb
spends time (money) in [on] doing sth
某人在做某事方面花多少钱
it
takes sb time (money) to do sth = it takes time
(money) for sb to do sth
做某事花某人多
少时间或钱
sth takes sb time (money) to do
某事花某人多少时间或钱去做
sb
takes time (moeny) to do
某人花多少时间或钱去做某事
(2)
用于以上意义时,
t
ake
通常不用于被动语态
,而
spend
则可以用于被动语态
。
误:
Two hours was taken to do
the work.
正:
Two hours was
spent on the work.
做这工作花了两个小时。
4.
从各自的比喻用法来看
(1)
spend
表示
“
消耗
”
、
“
用完
”
。如:
I’ll
spend no more breath on him.
我不会再和他费唇舌。
He
spent great efforts to help me.
他费了很大的劲儿来帮我。
(2)
take
表示需要人力
(
精力、劳力
等
)
。如:
It takes patience.
做这工作需要耐心。
It
takes two to make a quarrel.
一个巴掌拍不响。
It took
three men to lift the box.
抬这个箱子要
3
个人。
二、
spend
的主语必须是人
.
常用于以下结构:
(1) spend time
/
money on sth.
在<
/p>
……
上花费时间(金钱)。
例:
I spent two hours on this
maths problem.
这道数学题花了我两个小时。
(2) spend time
/
money (in) doing sth.
花费时间(金钱)做某事。
例:
They spent two years (in)
building this bridge.
造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
(3)spend money for sth.
花钱买
……
。
例:
His money was spent for
books.
他的钱用来买书了。
take
后面常跟双宾语
.
常见用法有以下几种:
(1)
It takes sb.
+时间+
to do sth.
做某事花了某人多少时间。
例:
It took them three years
to build this road.
他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
(2)doing sth. takes sb.
+时间<
/p>
,
做某事花了某人多少时间。