-
aft
er
，
before
，
since
用法区别
1.<
/p>
after
的用法小结
1.
用作介词，与一段时间连用表示
“
在
…
之后
”
时，注意它与
in
< br>的区别：
after
表
示以过去
时间为起点的一段时间以后，且通常与过去时态连用；而
in
则
表示以
现在为起点的一段时间以后：
He came backafter two days.
他两天后就回来了。
He will
come back in twodays.
他过两天就回来。
但
after
若是与一点时间连用，则可与过去时态也可与将来时态连用：
H
e came back after 4
o?clock.
他是四点钟以后回来的。
He will come back after next month.
他将在下个月以后回来。
2.
用作连词引导时间状语从句时注意：若主句用将来时态
(
或含有将来意味
)
，
则时间状语从句要用一般现在时态
(
表将来意义
)
，而不能直接使用将来
时态：
他回来后我就走。
正：
I?ll leave after he comes
back.
误：
I?ll
leave after he will come back.
3.
用作副词，表示
“
后来
”
、
“ (
一段时间
)
以后
”
，通常放在表示时间的副词之后：
soon
after
不久以后
two
days after
两天后
4.
用于习语
after all
终究，毕竟：
I was
right after all.
毕竟我是对的。
After all, he?s only six years old.
毕竟，他才六岁。
的用法小结
高三课本第十五单元，
INTER GATING
SKILLS
和
WORKBOOK
READING
部
分有如下的句子：
⒈
The shop was
successful
，
but it was about
sixty years before people started to
buy jeans for fashion as well as for
work.
⒉
Howeve
r
，
it
probably
will
not
be
long
before
the
other
mountainous
areas
of
China
such as Sichuan
，
Xinjiang and
Yunnan are developed
，
and as
more facilities
become
available
，
prices will almost
certainly fall.
其中涉及到
before
的用法，下面就其用法进行总结。
一、可以用作介词
⒈
)
指时间上早于，在
……
之前，如：
She has lived here since before the
war.
她从战前就一直在这儿住。
⒉
)
指位置在前面，如：
We
knelt down before Grandma?s grave.
我们在奶奶的墓前跪下。
⒊
)
指顺序或排列在之前，如：
Your name
comes before mine on the list.
名单上你的名字在我之前。
⒋
)
在某人面前，如：
She said it before the
witness.
他是当着证人的面说的。
二、作为连词
其基本含义是
“
在
……
之前
”
，又可以根据不同语境灵活翻译成<
/p>
“
才
”
、
“
还没来
得及就
……
”
、
“
趁
……
”
、
“
就
”<
/p>
等。具体用法如下：
⒈
)
与情态动词
can
/could
连用
这时候从句虽为肯定形式，根据汉语表达习惯译成
“
还没来得及就
”
，如：
Before I could get in a
word
，
he had measured me.
我还没来得及插话他就为我量好了尺寸。
Before she could
move
，
she heard a loud
noise
，
which grew to a
terribl eroar.
她还没来得及迈步，
就听见一声巨响，接着就是可怕的隆隆轰鸣。
⒉
)
用于肯定句中强调主句所表达的时间，<
/p>
距离长，
或花费的精力大，
译成
“
才
”
We had sailed four days and four
nights before we saw lands.
我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。
We waited a long time before the train arrived.
我们等了很长时间火车才到。
⒊
)
用于否定句中，
强调主句所表达的时间，
距离短，
或花费的精力小，
译成
“
不
到
……
就
”<
/p>
如：
We hadn?t run a mile before he
fe
lt tired.
我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。
⒋
)
主句含有
hardly
，
scarcely
等半
否定副词时可以译为
“
刚
……
就
”
这时候主句应用过去完成时态，
从句用过去时，
还可以用
when
替代
before
如：
We had
scarcely reached the school before/when the bell
rang.
我们刚到学校铃声就响了。
⒌
)
有时还有
“
宁愿
”
的意思
I?d shoot myself
before I apologiz
ed to
him.
我宁死也不向他道歉。
⒍
)
用于
It
+be/take+
时间段
+before
句型
在这一句型中又可以根据主从句的时态分成两种情况。
若主句是一般时将来时态，从句是一般现在时
.
若主句是肯定句意思是
“
要过多
长时间才
”
；若主句是否定
形式翻译成
“
用不了多久就
”
。
It will be two
weeks before everything returns to normal.
两周之后一切才能恢复正常。
It will be many years before the
situation improves.
这种状况或许要过许多年才能得以改善。
It won?t be long before
we meet again.
用不了多久我们就会再见面的。
这时若主句是一般过去时从句也是一般过去时。若主句
是肯定句翻译成
“
多长
时间之后才
”
，若主句是否定形式翻译成
“
没过多久就
”
。如：
It was some time before I realized
the truth.
过了很长一段时间我才了解到真相。
It wa
sn?t long before she became a
brave solider.
没过多久她就成了一名勇敢的战士。
After that it still took seven years before they
got married.
他们又过了七年才结婚。
<
/p>
注意：
当主句的谓语动词为延续性动词时，
before
与
until
有时可以
互换。
It was
an hour
before/until the police arrived.
■
巩固练习
⒈
(2004
天津
)It was evening ________ we reached the little town of Winchester.
Athat
2.(2004
全国
)Several
weeks
had
gone
by
________
realized
the
painting
was
missing.
3.(2005
广东
)The America Civil
War lasted four years ______ the North won in the
end.
4.(2005
山东
)It was some time
_______ we realized the truth.
5.(2006
四川
)-
Why
didn?t you tell him about the
meeting
？
-He
rushed out of the classroom _______ I could say a
word.
6.(2006
福建
)-How long do you
think it will be __ china sends a manned spaceship
to the moon
？
-Perhaps two or three years.
Awhen
参考答案：
DBBDAD
用法
一．时
态、现在完成进行时态或过去完成时态
连用。例如：
1
、
He left the
village in 1982 and I haven?t seen him
since
then.1982
年他
离开
这个村子，从那以后我再没见过他。
2
、
She?s been
working in a bank
since
leaving school.
她中学毕业后就一直在一
家银
行工作。
had spoken to
her only once
since
the
party.
自从那次聚会以来，他只跟
她说过一次话。
二．
Si
nce
作为
副词
，表示从
过去以来、以后或到现在
的情形或状态，常与
现在完
成时态连用
。例如：
1
．
He left home
two weeks ago and we haven?t heard from
him
since
.
他两周前
离开了家，到现在我们一直没有他的消息。
2
．
He came to
Zhenjiang 6 years ago and has lived here
(ever)
since
.
他
6
年前来
到镇江，从此便住在这里。
三．<
/p>
since
引导
原因状语从句
作为连词，
since
可引导原因状语从句，表示
因为；既然；鉴于
：例如
：
1
．
He didn?t come
since
he was
busy.
他因为忙，所以没有来。
2
．
Since
this method
doesn?t work,let?s try anoter.
既然这种方法不行，
我们
就试用另一种吧。
四．
Since
在特殊句型中的应用
句型
I
：<
/p>
“It
is
（
has
been
< br>）
+
时间
+since+
持续性动词的过去时
”
，
表示
“
自从
……
< br>以来到现在已有多久。
”
例如：
It
has
been quite
some time since I
was
last
in London.
我上次离开伦敦至今颇
有一段时间了。<
/p>
句型
II
：
“It
was
+
时间
+since+
持续性动词
的过去完成时
”,
表示
“
从
……
到过去
某时间点以来
”
，例如：
It
was
three years since we
had been
here.
那时我们在这已
呆了三年。
六．巩固练习
（一）单项选择
1
．
—
Do
you smoke
？
—
_____
．
It's two years since I
smoked
．
A
< br>．
Yes
，
I do
B
．
No<
/p>
，
I don't
C
．
Not
too much
D
．
Oh
，
but I
wish I didn't
2
．
Since you are
busy, you __________ tomorrow.
A. don?t need
come
not come
C. needn?t come
?t come
3.
---Has he been home?
---______,he _________home since he
graduated.
A.
No; hasn't been
;has been
; isn?t
;
is
4
．
They
_________friends since they met in Shanghai.
?t been
been
C. aren?t
D. are
5.I_______here
since
he
left
the
door
open,but
it
seems
that
he
won?t
come
back
today.
A. have been waiting
have waited
waiting
6.I _________ from him
since he has lived here.
A. heard
B. have heard
C. have never heard been
hearing
7. He came to China
_______ 1998.
A. from
B.
since
C. at
D. in
8.-- Excuse you
notice whether the No.18 bus had gone by?
--I don't know_ I began to stand here
just now.
现在完成进行时和现在完成时练习
1.
—
I?m sur
e Andrew will win the
first prize in the final.
—
I think so. He ________
for it
for months.
(2008
江苏
)
A. is
preparing
B.
was preparing
C. had been
preparing
D. has been preparing
2.
By the time
he realizes
he _
________ into a trap,
it?ll be too
late for him to
do
anything about it.
(2008
山东
)
A. walks
B. walked
C.
has walked
D.
had walked
3.
So
far this year
we _______ a fall in
house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.
(2008
福建
)
A.
saw
B.
see
C.
had seen
D.
have seen
4. Cathy
is
taking
notes of the grammatical rules
in class at Sunshine School, where
she
______ English for a year.
(2007
湖南
)
A.
studies
B.
studied
C.
is
studying
D.
has
been
studying
5. Danny _________ hard for
long to realize his dream and
now
he is popular.
(2007
福建
)
A.
works
B.
is
working
C.
has
worked
D.
had worked
ＢＣＡＢＡＣＤＣ
DCDDC
far from
和
away
from
的区别
far away
用作
表语
或
状
语
,away
可以省去
,
因此，
far away = far far away from
= far
from
far
（
away
）
后不接宾语；
far
（
away
）
from
后一定要接宾语。
The do not live far away.
他们住得并不远．
far
from
除了表示距离的
”
远离
”
之外，还
有
”
远远不，完全不，决非
”
之意，后接
名词，
动名词
或形容词．
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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