-
选修
6
Unit
1
A SHORT HISTORY
OF WESTERN PAINTING
西方绘画艺术简史
Art
is influenced by the customs and
faith
of a people. Styles
艺术是受一个民族的生活习俗和
信仰
影响的。
西方的艺术风格经历了
in
Western
art
have
changed
many
times.
As
there
are
so
many
多次变革。
由于西方的艺术风格多种
differ
ent styles of Western art, it would be impossible
to describe
多样，
在短短的一篇课文里不可能进
all
of
them
in
such
a
short
text.
Consequently
,
this
text
will
行全面的描述。因此
,
本文只谈及从
describe
only
the
most
important
ones,
starting
from
the
sixth
century AD.
The Middle Ages
(5th to the 15th century AD)
During
the
Middle
Ages,
the
main
aim
of
painters
was
to <
/p>
公元
6
世纪以来最重要的几种艺术风
格。
中世纪<
/p>
(
公元
5
世纪到
15
世纪
)
在中世纪
,
画家的主要任务是把
宗教的主题表现出来。
这个时期传统<
/p>
represent religious themes. A
conventional
artist of this period was
的艺术家无意于如实地展现自然和
这个时期的典型的绘画充满了
not interested in showing nature and
people as they really were. A
人物。
typical
picture
at
this
time
was
full
of
religious
symbols,
which
宗教
的特征
,
体现出了对上帝的敬重
和爱戴
之情。但是
,
很显然在
13
世纪
created a feeling of respect
and love for God. But it was
evident
时
,
（人们的）思想正经历着变化
,
that
ideas
were
changing
in
the
13th
century
when
painters
like
像乔托这样的画家们开始用一种比
Giotto
di
Bondone
began
to
paint
religious
scenes
in
a
more
realistic
way.
The Renaissance
(15th to 16th century)
During
the
Renaissance,
new
ideas
and
values
gradually
较现实的风格来画宗教场景。
文艺复兴时期
( 15
世纪到
16
世纪
)
文艺复兴时期
,
新的思想和价值
观逐渐取代了中世纪的思想和价值
观。
人们开始较少关注宗教主题而采
replaced
those
held
in
the
Middle
Ages.
People
began
to <
/p>
取一种更人性化的生活态度。
同时画
希腊
的古典艺术理
concentrate less on religious
themes and
adopt
a
more
humanistic
家们回到了罗马、
attitude
to
life.
At
the
same
time
painters
returned
to
classical
念上。<
/p>
他们力争如实地画出人物和自
然。
富人们
想拥有自己的艺术品以便
Roman and Greek ideas about
art. They tried to paint people and
用来装饰他们的高级宫殿和豪宅。
他
nature
as they really
were
. Rich people wanted to
possess
their own
们出价聘请著名艺术家来为自己画
paintings,
so
they
could
decorate
their
superb
palaces
and
great
像
,
画自己的房屋和财物
,
以
及他们
的活动和成就。
houses.
They
paid
famous
artists
to
paint
pictures
of
themselves,
their
houses
and
possessions
as
well
as
their
activities
and
achievements
One of the most important
discoveries during this period was
是如何用
透视法来画出事物。
这一手
当
how
to draw things in
perspective
. This
technique
was first used
法是
1428
年由马赛乔首先使用的。
by
Masaccio
in
1428.
When
people
first
saw
his
paintings,
they
人们第一次看到他的画时
,
他们还以
为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的
在此期间
,
最重要的发现之
一就
were convinced that they were looking
through a hole in a wall at a
场景
,
并对此深信不疑。如没有发现
real
scene. If the rules of perspective had not been
discovered, no
透视法
,
就没有人能画出如此逼真的
one
would
have
been
able
to
paint
such
realistic
pictures.
By
画。
巧合的是，
这一时期油画颜料也
得到了发展
,
它使得绘画中使用的色
coincidence
,
oil
paints
were
also
developed
at
this
time,
which
彩看上去更丰富、
更深沉。
没有新的<
/p>
made the colours used in paintings look
richer and deeper. Without
颜料和新的
(
绘画
)
手法
,
我们就不能
the new paints and
the new technique, we would not be able to see
the many great
masterpieces
for which this
period is famous.
Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th
century)
In the late
19th
century, Europe
changed
a
great
deal
from
a
看到很多使这一时代著名的杰作。
印象派时期
( 19
世纪后期到
20
世纪
初期
)
mostly agricultural society to a mostly
industrial one. Many people
19
世纪后期
,
欧洲发生了巨大的
moved
from
the
countryside
to
the
new
cities.
There
were
many <
/p>
变化
,
从以农业为主的社会变成了以
new
inventions
and
social
changes.
Naturally,
these
changes
also
工业为主
的社会。
许多人从农村迁到
新城市。有着许多新发明和社会变<
/p>
led
to
new
painting
styles.
Among
the
painters
who
broke
away
革。
这些变革也自然而然地促成了新
在那些突破传统画法的
< br>from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who
的绘画风格。
lived and worked in
Paris.
The
Impressionists
were
the
first
painters
to
work
outdoors.
different times of
day. However, because
natural
light changes
so
画家中有生活和工作在法国巴黎的
印象派画家。
印象派画家是第一批室外写生
时间投射到物体上的光线和阴影呈
现出来。然而由于自然光的变化很
他们急切地想把一天中不同
They were eager to show how light
and
shadow
fell on objects
at
的画家。
quickly,
the
Impressionists
had
to
paint
quickly.
Their
paintings
快
,
印象派画家们必须很快地作画
,
were
not
as
detailed
as
those
of
earlier
painters.
At
first,
many
他们的画就不像以前那些画家们的
people
disliked this style of painting and became very
angry about
画那样细致了。起初
,
许多人都不喜
欢这种画法
,
甚至还怒不可遏。他们
it. They said that the
painters were careless and their paintings were
说这些画家作画时漫不经心、
粗枝大
叶
,
而他们的作品更是荒谬可笑。
ridiculous.
Modern Art (20th century to today)
现代艺术
(20
世纪至今
< br>)
在印象派作品的创建
初期
,
它们
At the time
they were created, the Impressionist paintings
were
是存在争议的。
但是如今他们己被人
?现代
controversial
, but
today they are accepted as the beginning of what
们接受而成为现在我们所说的
we
call
art
This
is
because
the
Impressionists
艺术?
的始祖了。
这是因为印象派鼓
励画家用崭新的视角看待他们的
环
encouraged artists to look at their
environment in new ways. There
境。现代艺术风格
有好几十种
,
然而
are
scores
of
modern
art
styles,
but
without
the
Impressionists,
如果没有印象派
,
那么这许多风格就
many
of
these
painting
styles
might
not
exist.
On
the
one
hand,
不会存在。一方
面
,
有些现代艺术是
抽象的
,
也就是说
,
画家并不打
算把
some modern art is abstract; that is,
the painter does not
attempt
to
我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来
,
paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates
而是集中展现物体的某些品质特性
,
on
certain
qualities
of
the
object,
using
colour,
line
and
shape
to
用色彩、线条和形
状把它们呈现出
来。而另一方面
,
有些
现代派的艺术
represent them.
On the
other hand,
some paintings of modern
art
作品却是那么写实
,
看上去就
像是照
are so realistic that they look like
photographs. These styles are so
片。
这些风格如此不同。
谁能预言将
differe
nt. Who can
predict
what
painting styles there will be in the
future?
来会有什么样的绘画艺术风格
?
选修
6
Unit 1
THE BEST
OF MANHATTAN’S ART GALLERIES
曼哈顿艺术画廊荟萃
弗里克收藏馆
(
第
5
大道和第
70
街大
< br>
道之间
)
The
Frick Collection
(5th
Avenue
and E.70th Street)
Many art lovers
would rather visit this small art gallery than
在纽约
,
比起其他任何艺术馆，
许
any other in New
York. Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died
多艺术爱好者都更乐意参观这家小
型艺术陈列馆。
< br>亨利〃
克莱〃
弗里克
他把他的房
子、
家具和艺术收藏品留
in
1919,
leaving
his
house,
furniture
and
art
collection
to
the
是纽约的一位富豪
,
于
1919
年去世
,
Ameri
can people. Frick had a
preference
for pre-twentieth century
给了美国人民。弗里克对
20
世纪以
Western paintings, and these are well-
represented in this excellent
前的西方绘画有偏爱
,
而在这个陈列
馆的珍藏品里这些绘画
得以很好展
丽的故居和花园
,
它们是很
值得一看
你还可以好好考察一下弗里克美
collection
. You can also explore Frick's beautiful home and
garden
出。
which are well
worth a Visit.
Guggenheim
Museum
(5th Avenue and 88th Street)
的。
古根海姆博物馆
(
第
5
大道和第
88
街交汇处
)
的现代油
画、
雕塑和素描。
这些艺术
This museum owns 5,000 superb modern
paintings, sculptures
这家博
物馆拥有
5000
幅非常好
and
art
works
are
not
all
displayed
at
the
same
品并不是同时展出的
,
展品总是在不
time.
The
exhibition
is
always
changing.
It
will
appeal
to
those
断地更换。
他
(
展览
)
将吸引那些印象
派和后印象派作品的爱好者。
古根海
当
你走进画廊的时候
,
你会觉得你进
wh
o
love
Impressionist
and
Post-Impressionist
姆博物馆的大楼也是世界闻名的。
Guggenheim
Museum
building
is
also
world-famous.
When
you
入了一个易碎的白色贝壳里。
看画展
walk into the gallery, you feel as
if you were inside a
fragile
, white
最好
的方法是从顶层看起
,
一直往下
看到底
层。展厅里没有楼梯
,
只有一
的餐馆。
博物馆里有一家极好
best way to see the paintings is to
start from the top
条环形的小道。
floor
and
walk
down
to
the
are
no
stairs
just
a
circular
path.
The
museum
also
has
an
excellent
restaurant.
Metropolitan
Museum of Art
(5th Avenue and 82nd
Street)
The
reputation
of
this
museum
lies
in
the
variety
of
its
art
大都会艺术博物馆
(
第
5<
/p>
大道与第
82
街交汇处
< br>)
这家博物馆因收藏艺术品种类
年来世界上许多地方的文明史
,
其中
包括美国、欧洲、中国、埃及、其他
的不只是可以看得见的艺术之美
,
它
covers
more than 5,000
years of
civilization
from
繁多而享有盛名。这涵盖了
5000
多
many parts of the world, including
America, Europe, China,
Egypt
,
这家博物馆展出
other African
countries and South America. The museum displays
非洲国家和南美洲。
more
than
just
the
visual
delights
of
art.
It
introduces
you
to
还向你介绍了古代的生活方式。
你可
a
ncient
ways
of
living.
You
can
visit
an
Egyptian
temple,
a
参
观
埃
及
的
寺
庙
,
馥
郁
的
明
朝<
/p>
花
园
,18
世纪
法国住宅中的典型房间
fragrant
Ming
garden,
a
typical
room
in
an
18th
century
French
以及许多其他特殊展品。
house and many other special
exhibitions.
Museum
of
Modern
Art
(53rd
Street,
between
5th
and
6th
现代艺术博物馆
(
第
53
街
,
位于第
5
Avenues)
It
is
amazing
that
so
many
great
works
of
art
from
the
late
19th century to the 21st century are
housed in the same
museum.
和
第
6
大道之间
)
令人惊奇的是
,
在同一家博物馆里
竟收藏了
19
世纪后期到
21
世纪的如
此众多的名家巨作。
西方艺术的收藏
斯等著名艺
术家的作品。
有几句话需
要提醒你注意
:
博物馆票价不菲
,
而
945
号
,
靠近第
75
街
)
The
collection
of
Western
art
includes
paintings
by
such
famous
包括有莫奈、
凡
·
高、
毕加索和马蒂
artists as
Monet
, Van Gogh,
Picasso
and
Matisse
. A few words of
warning: the admission price is not
cheap and the museum is often
且常常十分拥挤。
very
crowded.
Whitney Museum of American
Art
(945 Madison Avenue, near
惠特尼美国艺术博物馆
(
麦迪逊大道
75th Street)
The
Whitney
holds
an
excellent
collection
of
contemporary
惠特尼博物馆藏有极好的当代
美国绘画和雕塑品。
这家博物馆内没
的。
惠特尼博物馆每两年举办一次特
American painting and are no
permanent
displays
有永久性的展览
,
展品都是随时更换
in
this
museum
and
exhibitions
change
all
the
two
殊的展览
< br>,
展品是仍然在世的艺术家
years, the
Whitney holds a special exhibition of new art by
living
artists. The museum also shows
videos and films by contemporary
video
artists.
选修
6
Unit 2
A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS
几首形式简单的英文诗
们的新作。
这家博物馆还展出当代影
视艺术家的录
像和电影作品。
There
are
various
reasons
why
people
write
poetry.
Some
人们写诗
有着各种各样的理由。
强烈的印象。
而有些诗则试图传达某
poems tell a story or describe something
in a way that will give the
有些诗叙事或者状物事并给读者以
reader a
strong impression. Others try to
convey
certain
emotions.
种感情。
诗人用
许多不同形式的诗来
Poets use many different forms
of poetry to express themselves. In
表达自己的情感。然而，在本文中，
this text,
however, we will look at a few of the simpler
forms.
Some
of
the
first
poetry
a
young
child
learns
in
English
is
我们将研究几种形式比较简单的诗。
幼儿最早学习的英文诗是童谣。
nursery
rhymes
.
These
rhymes
like
the
one
on
the
right
(A)
are
像右边的这首童谣（
A
）至今仍然是
still a common type of children's poetry.
The language is
concrete
一种常见的儿童诗的类型。
童谣的语
它们能使
小孩
but
imaginative,
and
they
delight
small
children
because
they
言具体但富有想象力，
rhyme, have strong
rhythm and a lot of
repetition
. The poems may
子们快乐，
因为它们押韵，
节奏感强，
并有较多重复。
童谣不一定有什么意
not
make sense and even seem
contradictory
, but they are
easy to
义，甚至（有的）看来自相矛盾，但
learn
and
recite.
By
playing
with
the
words
in
nursery
rhymes,
是它们容易学，
也容
易背诵。
通过童
children learn about
language.
A
Hush
, little baby, don't say
a word,
Papa's going to buy
you a
mockingbird.
If that
mockingbird won't sing,
Papa's going to buy you a
diamond
ring.
If that diamond ring turns to
brass
,
Papa's going to buy you a
looking-glass.
If that
looking-glass gets broke,
Papa's going to buy you a
billy-goat.
If that billy-goat runs away,
Papa's going to buy you another today.
Some simple
poems are like B and C that list things .List
poems
谣中的文字游戏，孩子们学习了语
言。
A
小宝宝，别说话，
爸爸给你买个小嘲鸟。
小嘲鸟，不会唱，
爸爸给你买个钻石戒。
钻石戒，变成铜，
爸爸给你买个小镜子。
小镜子，打破了，
爸爸给你买山羊。
小山羊，跑掉了。
爸爸今天再去给你买只。
有一些简单诗是像
B
和
C
这样列
举事物的。
清单诗可长可短，
较为灵
have a
flexible
line
length and repeated phrases which give both a
活。
可以重复一些短语，
形成诗的固
pattern
and
a
rhythm
to
the
rhyme
(like
B)
while
定免刑和节奏。有些清单诗有韵脚
others do not
(like C).
B
I saw a fish- pond all on fire
I saw a fish-
pond all on fire,
I saw a house bow to a
squire,
I saw a
person twelve-feet high,
I saw a
cottage
in the sky,
I
saw a balloon made of lead,
I saw a
coffin
drop down dead,
I saw two
sparrows
run a race,
I saw two
horses making lace,
（如
B
）
,
但有一些没有（如
C
）。
B
我看到鱼塘在燃烧
我看到鱼塘在燃烧，
我看到房子向地主哈腰，
我看到人有
12
< br>英尺高，
我看到茅屋在天郊。
我看到气球用铅造，
我看到棺材把死人抛。
我看到两只麻雀在赛跑，
我看到两匹马儿绣花包。
I saw a girl
just like a cat,
，
I saw a
kitten
wear a hat,
I saw a man who
saw these too,
And said though strange they all were
true.
C
Our first football match
We would have won ...
if Jack had
scored that goal,
if we'd had just a few more minutes,
if we had
trained harder,
if Ben had passed the ball to Joe,
if we'd had
thousands of fans
screaming,
，
if I hadn't taken my eye
off the ball,
，
if we hadn't stayed up so
late the night before,
if we hadn't
taken it easy,
if we hadn't
run out of
energy.
We would have
won ...
if we'd
been better!
我看到姑娘像只猫，
我看到小猫戴花帽。
我看到有人在一旁瞄，
虽奇怪，但也把实情报。
C
我们的第一场球赛
我们本来会得冠军……
如果杰克踢进了那个球，
如果我们还有几分钟，
如果我们训练的更刻苦，
如果本把球传给了乔，
如果有大批球迷助威，
如果我死死盯住球，
如果我们前晚不熬夜，
如果我们没有放松警惕，
如果我们没有精疲力竭，
我们本来会夺冠军……
如果我们能做得更好！
Another simple form of poem that
students can easily write is
另外一种学生容易写的简单形
the
cinquain
, a
poem
made
up
of
five
these, students
式的诗是由五行组成的，叫做五行
can
convey
a
strong
picture
in
just
a
few
words.
Look
at
the
语传递一幅生动的画面。
请看下一页
exampl
es (D and E) on the top of the next page.
< br>上端的两个例子（
D
和
E
）。
D
Brother
Beautiful, athletic
Teasing
,
shouting, laughing
Friend and enemy too
Mine
E
Summer
Sleepy,
salty
Drying,
drooping
,
dreading
Week in, week out
Endless
F
A
fallen blossom
Is coming back to the
branch
.
D
兄弟
爱美，又爱运动
爱闹，爱叫，又爱笑
是我的朋友
也是我的敌人
E
夏天
困乏，咸涩
干涸，枯萎，恐怖
周而复始
永无止境
F
落下的花朵
回到了树枝上。
瞧啊，是只蝴蝶！（
Moritake
）
诗。
用五行诗，
学生可以
用少量的词
Look, a
butterfly!
(
by
Moritake
)
G
Snow having
melted
,
The whole
village is
brimful
Of happy children.
(by Issa)
Haiku
is
a
Japanese
form
of
poetry
that
is
made
up
of
17
G
雪儿融化了，
整个村庄到处是
欢乐的儿童。
（
Issa
）
俳句诗是一种日本诗，由
17
个
音节组成。
它不是英文诗歌的传统形
syllables.
It is
not a traditional form of English poetry, but is
very
式，但是在用英语写作的人们中间，
popular
with
English
is
easy
to
write
and,
like
the
这种诗也很流行。
它容易写，
而且像
它可以用最少的词语呈
cinq
uain
, can give a clear picture and
create a special feeling using
五行诗一样，
the
minimum
of two
haiku
poems (F and G) above are
translations
from the
Japanese.
现出一幅清晰的画面，
表达出一种特
殊的感情。
上面两首俳句诗
（
F
和
G
）
< br>就是从日文翻译过来的。
Did you know that English
speakers also enjoy other forms of
<
/p>
你知道说英语的人也喜欢其他类
尤其是中国的唐诗吗？
Asian
poetry
-
Tang
poems
from
China
in
particular
?
A
lot
of
型的亚洲诗，
Tang poetry has been
translated into English. This Tang poem (H)
is a translation from the Chinese.
H
Where she
awaits
her husband
On
and on the river flows.
Never looking back,
Transformed
into
stone
Day by
day upon the mountain top,
wind and rain
revolve
Should the
traveller return,
this stone would
utter
speech.
(by Wang Jian)
许多唐诗已经被翻译成英文了。
这首
唐
诗（
H
）就是从中文翻译过来的。
H
望夫处，江悠悠。
化为石，不回头。
山头日日风复雨，
行人归来石应语。
（王健）
<
/p>
有了这么多诗歌类型可供选择，
学
生们最
终也许想写自己的诗了。
写诗
With
so
many
different
forms
of
poetry
to
choose
from, <
/p>
比你可能认为的要容易，
当然值得一
st
udents
may
eventually
want
to
write
poems
of
their
own.
It
is
试！
easier than
you might think and certainly worth a try!
选修
6
Unit 2
I'VE
SA
VED THE SUMMER
我把夏天省下来
我把夏天省下，
全都交给了你。
当雪花儿初降时，
让冬天的早晨停住。
我把阳光省下，
以供你不时之需。
在那远离黑暗的地方，
你的心灵会得到滋养。
那年你才十九岁，
我就珍藏了你的微笑。
等你长大成人以后，
才知道年轻勇敢的微笑的奥秘。
我不知道有什么办法，
帮你踏上你人生的旅程。
答案也许就在某处
,
在白天结束的那个时辰。
但是如果你需要爱，
我会献上我所有的爱。
它也许能帮你踏上旅程，
直到你也找到属于你的爱。
罗德·麦丘恩
I've saved the summer
And
I give it all to you
To hold on winter mornings
When the snow is new.
I've saved some
sunlight
If you
should ever need
A place away from
darkness
Where your mind
can feed.
And
for myself I've kept your smile
When you were
but nineteen,
Till you're older you'll not know
What brave
young smiles can mean
I know no answers
To help you on
your way
The
answers lie somewhere
At the bottom of the day.
But if you've a need for
love
I'll give
you all l own
It might help you down the road
Till you've
found your own.
(by Rod McKuen)
选修六
Unit3
ADVICE FROM
GRANDAD
爷爷的忠告
亲爱的詹姆士：
今天这儿的天气很好
,
我正坐在花
园尽头的那棵大树底下呢。
我刚刚才
Dear
James,
It is a beautiful day here and I am
sitting under the big tree at the
end
of the garden. I have just returned from a long
bike ride to an
回来，
骑自行车跑了很长一
段路，
一
old castle. It seems
amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to
直到了古城堡。这看起来很惊奇吧，
cycle 20
kilometres in an afternoon. It's my birthday in
two weeks’
一个下午骑车跑
20
< br>千米。再过两个
time and I'll be 82 years
old! I think my long and active life must
< br>礼拜就是我
82
岁的生日了！我想我
be
due to
the healthy life
I live.
之所以长寿而且精力充沛，
要归功于
我的健康生活。
像我这样的年纪，
身体健康而且能在
This
brings
me
to
the
real
reason
for
my
letter,
my
dear
这就是我写信给你的真正原因，
我
mother tells me that you started smoking some time
亲爱的孙子。
你妈妈告诉我，
你不久<
/p>
ago and now you are finding it difficult
to give it up. Believe me, I
前开始吸烟了，
而且现在很难把它戒
掉。
相信我吧，
我知道，
吸烟容易戒
know how
easy it is to begin smoking and how
tough
it is to stop.
烟难。
你知道，
当我还是一个十几岁
You see, during
adolescence
I also smoked
and became
addicted
的孩子的时候，<
/p>
我也吸过烟，
而且还
to
cigarettes.
上了瘾。
By
the
way,
did
you
know
that
this
is
because
you
become
这儿我想顺便问你一个问题，
你
addic
ted in three different ways? First, you can become
physically
知道上瘾有三个方面的原因吗？首
addicted to
nicotine, which is one of the hundreds of
chemicals in
是香烟里几百种化学物质之一。
这
就
cigarettes.
This
means
that
after
a
while
your
body
becomes
是说，<
/p>
过一段时间以后，
你的身体习
因此一旦你
的
accustomed to
having
nicotine in it. So when the drug leaves your
惯了体内含有尼古丁。
先，
你会在身体上对尼古丁
有瘾，
它
body,
you
get
withdrawal
symptoms.
I
remember
feeling
瘾症状，
我记得曾感到烦躁，
有时甚
其
次你也可能因为习惯而上
bad-tempered
and
sometimes even in pain. Secondly, you become
至痛苦。
addicted through habit.
As you know, if you do the same thing over
瘾。
你知道，
如果你反反复复地做同
< br>一件事情，你就会开始自动地做它。
体内没有这种麻醉
剂了，
你就会有脱
and over again, you
begin to do it
automatically
. Lastly, you
can
最后，
你可以在心理上上瘾。
我那时
抽了一支烟后就会感到更轻松
become
mentally
addicted.
I
believed
I
was
happier
and
more
认为，
relaxed
after
having
a
cigarette,
so
I
began
to
think
that
I
could
it was very difficult to
quit
. But I did finally
manage.
愉快，
于是我就以为抽烟才能使自己
感觉良好。
我上瘾共有这三个方面的
最终还是戒
掉了。
only feel
good when I smoked. I was addicted in all three
ways, so
原因，
因此，
要戒
烟就很难。
但是我
When
I
was
young,
I
didn't
know
much
about
the
harmful
<
/p>
在我年轻的时候，
关于吸烟的危
effe
cts
of
smoking.
I
didn't
know,
for
example,
that
it
could
do
害性我知道得并不多。
例如，
我不知
terrible damage to your heart and
lungs
or that it was more
difficult
道抽烟能严重侵害人的心脏和肺部，
for smoking
couples to become
pregnant
.
I certainly didn't know
降。
我当
然不知道他们的婴儿在出生
their babies may have a
smaller birth weight or even be
abnormal
时可能体重较轻甚至在某些方面不
in
some
way.
Neither
did
I
know
that
my
cigarette
smoke
could
正常。
我也不知道，
我自己吸烟还会
损害那些不吸
烟人的健康。
然而我的
也不知道吸烟的夫妇生育能力会下
affect the health of non-smokers. However,
what
I did
know
was
的确确知道，
我的女朋友觉得我的烟
< br>that my girlfriend thought I smelt terrible. She said my breath and
味很难闻。
她说我的呼吸、
我的衣服
都有烟味，而且我的指尖都变黄了。<
/p>