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英语时态八种基本时态讲解及练习
一．概念：
英语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，
需用不同的动词
形式表示，这种
不同的动词形式称为时态。
二．种类：
（基本时态）
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
一般将来时
过去将来时
现在完成时
过去完成时
三．用法：
1
．一般现在时：
< br>1
）一般现在时表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态及客观现实和普遍真理。
一般现在时常以动词原形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数时，动词
词尾加
-s
或
-es
< br>。
2
）句型结构：主语＋Ｖ<
/p>
.
（包括
be
动
词）＋宾语＋
…
She is an
engineer.
He has breakfast at
6:00every day.
3
）注意：
a)
一般现在时通常与
always
, often , usually , every day , sometimes , once a
week
等时间状
语连用。
I
always watch TV at 8: 00 in the evening
.
They go home once a week .
We
usually do our homework at home .
b)
表客观现实或普遍真理。
The
sun always rises in the east .
The
light travels faster than the sound .
c)
表永远性的动作或状态。
He
lives in the country .
4
）第三人称单数变化形式。
a)
一般情况动词在词尾加
-s
.
come---comes
speak---speaks
work---works
live---lives
b)
以
o,
s, x, ch,
sh
结尾的单词在词后加
-es.
do
---does
go---goes
finish---finishes
brush---brushes
fix---fixes
pass---passes
watch---watches
c)
以
“<
/p>
辅音字母＋
y”
结尾的单词变
y
为
i
加
-es.
Study---studies
carry-carries
cry
---cries
d)
以
“
元音字母＋
y”
结尾的单词直接加
-s.
play---plays
stay---stays
例句：我们每天晚上九点做作业。
我在早上七点半起床。
他每天七点去上班。
我们经常下午打篮球。
他喜欢音乐。
地球围绕太阳转。
火车六点出发。
5
）否定句和疑问句。
a)-----He is an
engineer.
-----
He isn’t an
engineer.
-----Is he an
engineer?
-----
Yes, he is
./ No, he isn’t.
b)----We get up at 7:30 in
the morning .
-----
We don’t
get up at 7:30 in the morning .
-----Do you get up at 7:30 in the
morning ?
-----
Yes, we do.
/ No, we don’t.
c)----He likes music.
-----
He doesn’t
like music.
-----Does he
like music?
-----
Yes ,he
does./ No, he doesn’t .
2
．一般过去时
1
）
一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态，
通常与表示过去的时间状语
yesterday,
last night ,some years ago, in 1990,in
those days.
等连用。
I
was a student 6years ago.
I
went to Beijing last year.
They saw a film last night .
2
）句型结构：主语＋Ｖ
.
过去时＋宾语＋
…
例句：昨天他很忙。
去年他抽烟了。
两年前他去参军了。
他在
1990
年去世了。
3
）否定句和疑问句。
a)----He was busy yesterday.
-----
He wasn’t
busy.
-----Was
he busy?
-----
Yes, he was./ No, he
wasn’t.
b)----He smoked last
year.
-----
He didn’t smoke last
year.
-----Did
he smoke last year?
-----
Yes ,he did ./No ,he
didn’t.
c)----He joined the
army in 1990.
-----
He didn’t joined the
army in 1990.
-----Did he join the army
in 1990?
-----
Yes ,he did
./No ,he didn’t.
4
）动词过去式变化规则。
a)
一般情况下的词加
-ed.
work---worked
call----called
laugh----laughed
Explain----explained
finish----finished
knock----knocked
b)
以不发音的字母
e
结尾的单词直接加
-d .
live----lived
change----changed
smoke----smoked
die
----died
graduate----graduated
drive----drove
<
/p>
c)
以
“
辅音字
母＋
y”
结尾的单词，变
y
为
i
加
-ed.
study
----studied
carry----carried
cry----cried
try
----tried
marry----married
d)
以
“
元音
字母＋
y”
结尾的单词直接加
-ed.
play----played
stay----stayed
e)
以
“<
/p>
一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母
”
结尾的单
词应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加
-ed.
stop----stopped
plan----planned
pat
----patted
f)
动词不规则变化：
do----did
go
----went
come----came
run----ran
write----wrote
begin----began
drink----drank
keep----kept
leave----left
sleep----
slept
make----made
lie----lay
dig----dug
eat----ate
know----knew
cut----cut
set----set
let----let
read----read
hurt----
hurt
例句：我前天拿走了这本书。
去年我买了一辆自行车。
每天晚上我听音乐。
她通常待在家里。
两天前我完成了这项工作。
复习：
1) I
(be) a teacher
2 years ago.
2) He
(be) a student
now.
3) He
(do) his homework at home
every day.
4) They
(join) the
Party in 1998.
5) We
(not eat)
apples yesterday.
6) We
(not play)
basketball every day.
7) He
(not go ) home
once a week.
8) I am 16
years old.
(
划线部分提问
)
9) I go to work at 8:00 every morning.
(
划线部分提问
)
10) They joined the Party in 1990.
(
划线部分提问
)
11) I went to Beijing last year.
(
划线部分提问
)
3
．一般将来时
1)
表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表将来的时间状语
tomorrow, the day after
tomorrow,
next Sunday, soon, in a few
days
等连用。
2)
句型结构：主语＋
will/shall
＋
V.
原形＋
…
（第一人
称用
shall
）
I shall go to Shanghai
tomorrow.
They
will have a meeting next week.
----She will be 20 years
old.
----Will
she be 20 years old?
----
Yes, she will./ No, she
won’t .
3)
主语＋
will/shall
＋
V.
< br>原形＋
…
be(am, is, are)going to
They will have a meeting
next Sunday.
(will=are going to )
----What will they do next
Sunday ?
----When will they have a
meeting?
4) be about to
＋
V.
原形
I am about to leave
school.
不能与表示时间的副词连用。
They are about to set
out.(√)
They are about to
set out soon.(×
)
复习题：
(do) his homework at school every
day.
(finish) their work
yesterday.
(visit) their farm next
year.
4.
我半小时后要吃午饭。
5.
他将骑自行车去学校。
6.
他们下周日将去买汽车。
4
．过去将来时
1
）
过去将
来时是立足于过去某时，
从过去的观点看将要发生的动作或状态。
主要用于宾语
从句中。
2
）基本结构：主语
+would/shoul
d
was/were going to
+V.
原形
+…
He said that he
would have a meeting next week.
(He says that
he will nave a meeting next week.)
They said we
should leave school tomorrow.
(They say we
shall leave school tomorrow.)
5
．现在进行时
1)
现在进行时表示现在或现在这段时间正在进行的动作。
通常与
now, at present
等时间状语
连用。
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