双语：世界上十位一直匿名写作的作家

The identity of Elena Ferrante, the elusive author (and subject of a series of essays

in the current issue of T) who has never been photographed, interviewed in person

or seen in public, is a matter of intense debate thanks to her sharp, autobiographical

novels, which explore female friendship in the context of Italian society. On the eve

of the publication of “Those Who Leave and Those Who Stay,” the third volume in

Ferrante’s Neapolitan series, we offer a short history of literary masks, from

Jonathan Swift to J.K. Rowling.

埃琳娜·费兰特

(Elena Fe rrante)

是一个难以捉摸的作家（本期的

T

杂志中也有若干文章

是关于她的），她的照片从未公之于众，从不接受个人访 谈，也从不在公众中出现，

她那些犀利的、自传性质的小说以意大利社会为背景，探索女 人之间的友谊，引发了

激烈的争论。新书《离开的和留下来的》

(Those Who Leave and Those Who Stay)

是

她的那不勒斯系列小说的第三卷，在这本书出版前夕，我们来盘点一下那些隐姓埋名

的作家们——从乔纳森·斯威夫特

(Jonathan Swift)< /p>

到

J

·

K

·罗琳

(J. K. Rowling)

。

Jonathan Swift

乔纳森·斯威夫特

Thanks to Swift’s cloak

-and-dagger tactics, not even his publisher knew the true

identity of the author of “Gulliver’s Travels.” The writer sent an intermediary to hand

off the manuscript under the cover of night, along with a letter supposedly from

Gulliver’s cousin.

由于乔纳森采取间谍式的隐瞒策略，连他的出版社也不知道《 格列佛游记》

(Gulliver

’

s Travels)

的作者是谁。这位作家派中间人在夜间把自己的手稿送出，还附上信函 ，暗

示去信人是格列佛的表亲。

Benjamin Franklin

本杰明·富兰克林

(Benjamin Franklin)

The founding father used a number of pseudonyms to publish opinionated

newspaper pieces: “Silence Dogood” to critique hypocrisy and hoopskirts; “Polly

Baker” to argue for women’s rights; “Anthony Afterwit” to detail the tribulations of

marriage. Franklin’s most famous alter ego, “Richard Saunders,” authored the

popular “Poor Richard’s Almanack” for 25 years.

这位美国的建 国先贤用一系列笔名在报纸上发表刚愎自用的文章：《不切实际的宁静》

批评伪善和带裙 撑的长裙；《波利·贝克尔》主张妇女权利；《事后聪明的安东尼》描

述婚姻中的痛苦。 富兰克林最有名的一个变化人格名叫“查理·桑德斯”

(Richard

Saunders)

，他撰写广受欢迎的《穷查理年鉴》

(Poor

Richard

’

s Almanack)

长达

25

年。

Sir Walter Scott

沃尔特·司各特爵士

(Sir Walter Scott)

Nicknamed “The Great Unknown,” Scott secretly published his wildly successful

“Waverley” novels and, in so doing, helped forge the genre of historical fiction. He

maintained anonymity for years, keeping his work a secret even from his own

children, until financial pressures forced him to confess.

司各特绰 号“伟大的无名氏”，他极为成功的小说《威弗利》

(Waverley)

等都是用这

个名字出版的，它们为历史小说这种类型奠定了基础。他多年保持 匿名，秘密写作，

连他的孩子们也不知道这回事，直到家中出现经济压力，他才被迫坦白 交代。

The Bront? sisters

勃朗特姊妹

(The Bront? sisters)

Charlotte, Emily and Anne produced their masterworks of Victorian literature under

the pseudonyms Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell. They chose these androgynous

monikers because of “a vague impression that authoresses are liable to be looked on

with prejudice,

”

an impression shared by at least two other great “authoresses” of

the day, George Eliot and George Sand.

< br>夏洛特

(Charlotte)

、艾米丽

(Emily)

和安妮

(Anne)

< br>用柯勒

(Currer)

、埃利斯

(Ellis)

和阿克

顿·贝尔

(A cton Bell)

为笔名发表了维多利亚文学中的杰作。她们采用没有明显性别特征

的笔名，是因为她们“有一种模糊的感觉，觉得女性作家容易遭受成见”，至少同时

期的另外两位“女作家”乔治·艾略特

(George Eliot)

和乔治·桑

(George Sand)

也和她们

有同感。

Sholem Aleichem

肖洛姆·阿莱赫姆

(Sholem Aleichem)

At the start of his career, the prolific writer whose work would inspire “Fiddler on the

Roof” didn’t want his relatives to know he was publishing in Yiddish rath

er than

Hebrew. The novelist, born Solomon Naumovich Rabinovich, adopted the pen name