-
从无到有
开始
Begin,
start,
begin
with,
spring,
start
up,
set
off
on,
break
out,
strike
up,
origin
ate
from,;
Initiate,
launch,
originate,
sprout;
unfold;
unleash
outset,
onset,
Rudimentary,
elementary,
出现
Appear,
appear
to
be,
emerge,
arise,
lo
om,
turn
out,
show
up,
com
out,
come
into
sight/view,
come
forth
发生
Happen,
occur,
take
place,
come
about,
Happening
occurrence
产生
,
创造
create,
produce,
bring
about,
yield,
give
birth
to,
bear,
bring
into
being,
genera
te,
beget
，
germinate;
Invent,
innovate,
renovate,
plan,
design,
imagine,
conceive,
devise,
formulate,
i
magine,
envision,
建立
Found,
set,
built
up,
construct,
institute,
constitute,
set
up,
establish
制造
,
组成
Make,
make
up,
produce,
construct,
tur
n
out,
manufacture,
form,
shape,
compo
se,
compile,
concoct,
fabricate
生长壮大
复制
,
繁殖
Copy,
duplicate,
reproduce,
multiply.
发育，发展
Grow,
develop,
breed,
bring
up,
nurture,
cultivate,
hone,
raise,
foster,
(
主动
)
Develop,
advance,
progress,
move
forwa
rd,
go
forward,
proceed
（自我成长）
Burgeon,
flourish,
thrive,
bloom,
blosso
m,
boom,
prosper;
保持，延续
Continue,
last,
carry
on,
keep
on,
keep,
remain
maintain
retain
Perpetuate,
Persevere,
stick
with,
insist
on,
persist
i
n,
Continuous,
incessant,
permanent,
const
ant,
steady,
unbroken,
perpetual,
everla
sting,
eternal,
lasting,
unending,
uninterr
upted,
undying,
immortal,
invariable,
存在
,
生存
Exist
，
found,
stand,
lay
in,
be
rooted
i
n
，
be
embedded
in,
Substance,
matter,
object,
material,
stuf
f,
things,
entity,
individual,
creature,
beings,
Topic,
subject,
issue,
theme,
gist,
item,
content,
point,
Extant,
existing,
in
existence,
substantiv
e,
ubiquitous,
omnipresent,
universal,
survive
，
outlive
，
outlast
,
remain
alive
，
Endure,
undergo,
从有到无
结束，停止
53
stop
，
finish,
be
over,
cease,
discontinue,
wind
up,
bring
to
an
end(close,
halt),
end
，
come
to
an
end,
end
up,
terminat<
/p>
e
，
quench
，
quell
，
run
out,
expire,
concl
ude
adjourn/
dissolve/lull/subvert,abortaive,
Surcease,
cessation,
impasse,
deadlock,
logjam,
stalemate,
Ultimate,
final,
eventual,
Abeyance,
suspend,
interruption,
brake,
halt,
pause,
死亡
,
毁灭
Perish,
annihilate,
kill,
exterminate,
take
life,
slay,
hatchet,
slaughter,
assassinat
e,
famish,
smother,
throttle,
strangle,
sti
fle,
decimate,
Die,
pass
away,
perish,
expire,
run
out,
decease,
death,
demise,
Defunct,
moribund,
dying,
Fatal,
formidable,
deadly,
fatality.
取消
,
废除
550
Cancel,
annul,
call
off,
do
away
with,
Abolish,
desuetude,
disuse,
abandon,
re
peal,
revoke,
invalidate,
rescind,
nullify
Obsolete,
out
of
date,
outmoded,
out
of
fashion,
old-fashioned,
除去
551
Remove
，
erase
，
dele
te,
extinguish,
exter
minate,
eliminate,
eradicate,
extirpate,
e
fface
，
clear
away,
throw
away,
do
away
with,
wipe
out,
get
rid
of
,
rule
out,
Obliterate,
expurgate,
expunge,
purify,
p
urge,
破坏
Destroy,
damage,
wreck,
devastate,
raze,
ravage,
knock
down,
demolish,
vandaliz
e,
tear
down,
ruin,
spoil,
dilapidate,
Perdition
，
detrimental
，
harmful,
injurious,
topple
down
/inclement/
伤害
Damage
Bruise,
mar,
maul,
do
harm
to,
injure,
wound,
hurt,
impair,
harm,
hurt,
wound,
harm,
break,
fracture,
maim,
c
ripple,
mangle,
mutilate;
cut,
gash,
fracture,
break
灾祸
Disaster,
catastrophic,
calamity,
cataclys
m,
carnage,
massacre,
holocaust,
decim
ate,
wreck,
accident,
Misfortune,
hapless,
mishap,
逐渐消亡
Rot
way,
perish,
decay,
disintegrate,
de
compose,
deteriorate,
molder,
aggravate,
worsen,
exacerbate,
corrupt,
Rotten,
decayed,
corrupt,
damaged;
decrepit
,decrepitude,
dilapidate
状态之改变
正面
能力，强，权力
Enable,
facilitate,
empower,
entitle,
enha
nce,
Strengthen,
reinforce,
sustain,
countenan
ce,
consolidate,
Able,
be
capable
of
doing
,
competent,
potent,
omnipotent,
puissant,
resourceful
Ability,
capability,
capacity,
skill,
forte
，
c
ompetence,
faculty
Intelligence,
aptitude,
flair,
talent
Clever,
bright,
talented,
astute,
wisdom,
wise,
smart,
acumen,
Hegemony,
puissance,
resource,
power,
energy,
authority,
influence,
impact,
sup
remacy,
potency,
strength,
force,
vigor;
大
Aggrandize,
amplify,
augment,
broaden,
widen,
extend,
enlarge,
magnify,
enlarg
e,
Exaggerate,
overstate,
overstress,
overe
mphasize,
多
,
增加
Enrich,
increase,
add
to,
abound,
fill,
fill
up,
replenish,
stock
up,
add,
put
in,
ra
ise,
Accrue,
mount
up,
augment,
accumulate,
rise
Abundant,
plentiful,
more
than
enough,
profuse,
copious,
rich,
wealthy,
generou
s,
numerous,
in
great
numbers;
sufficient,
enough,
adequate,
ample,
as
much
as
necessary,
Increment,
accretion,
growth,
augmentat
ion,
高
Raise,
lift
up,
improve,
enhance,
elevate,
escalate,
heave,
heighten,
hoist,
Rise,
increase,
ascend,
mount,
go
up,
cl
imb
scale,
jack
up,
skyrocket,
surge,
up
surge
High,
tall,
in
height,
lofty,
towering,
lan
ky;
Height,
stature,
elevation,
altitude
有助
Help,
assist,
aid,
subsidize,
help
to,
con
duce
to,,
contribute
to,
function
to,
be
of
assistance,
lend
a
hand,
facilitate,
en
hance,
Helper,
aide,
assistant,
accessory,
ancilla
ry,
accomplice,
auspices,
支持
Support,
bolster,
boost,
brace,
buttress,
espouse,
proponent,
underpin,
embrace,
exponent,
快
216
Accelerate,
hasten,
speed
up,
quicken
u
p,
expedite
Run,
scurry,
scuttle,
scamper,
prance,
g
allop,
sprint,
scud,
Dart,
fleet,
rush,
Fast,
quick,
rapid,
swift,
expeditious,
sp
eedy,
fleeting,
brisk
Speed,
swiftness,
pace,
velocity,
rapidity,
tempo,
rate,
quickness,
promptness,
有效
,
起
作用
Effective,
efficient,
effectual,
successful,
useful,
helpful,
functional,
applicable,
op
erative,
working,
active,
functioning,
in
operation,
in
use,
Available,
serviceable,
Impact,
influence,
自由，解脱
Release,
free,
set
free,
set
off,
liberate,
unshackle,
unfetter,
emancipate,
manu
mit,
disentangle,
untangle,
extricate,
unr
avel,
中性
变
Change,
alter,
modify,
vary,
turn,
beco
me,
adjust,
amend,
transform,
distort,
modulate,
transmute,
shift,
transfigure,
Fluctuate,
move,
revolutionize,
alternate,
shift
Diversified,
volatile,
fickle,
mercurial,
pro
tean,
erratic,
eccentric,
irregular,
inconsi
stent,
Changeable,
unsettled,
variable,
malleabl
e,
mutable,
Change,
alteration,
variation,
modificatio
n,
transition,
renovation,
recondition,
mu
tation;
修改
Redress,
rectify,
revise,
emend,
renovat
e,
innovate,
recondition,
负面
弱
Weaken,
enervate,
vitiate,
sap,
impair,
e
maciate,
attenuate,
dilute
Wane,
sag,
fade,
flag,
deteriorate,
exac
erbate,
wither,
blight,
dry
up,
wilt,
sere,
sear,
shrink,
shrivel,
Weak,
feeble,
effete,
wan,
frail,
lacking
in
strength,
impotent,
feeble,
lethargic
Infirmity,
weakness,
decadence,
decaden
t,
减少，降低
Lower,
reduce,
decrease,
drop
off,
abat
e,
decline,
dwarf,
dwindle,
rarefy,
curtail,
shorten,
abridge,
truncate,
dock,
declin
e,
slump,
eclipse,
subside,
shrink,
ebb,
Diminish,
lessen,
debase,
dilute,
modera
te,
die
down,
grow
less
intense,
cut
do
wn,
ebb,
cut
back,
慢
Decelerate,
slow,
slow
down,
retard,
hol
d
back,
Slow,
sluggish,
Postpone,
put
off,
delay,
defer,
procrasti
nate,
adjourn,
Dilatory,
tardy,
slack,
sluggish,
平息
reconcile,
comfort,
placate,
conciliate,
re
assure
，
alla
y,
calm,
console,
soothe,
pac
ify,
assuage,
mitigate,
palliate,
salve,
te
mper,
palliation,
reconciliation,
禁止，限制
Prohibit,
proscribe,
forbid,
ban,
restrain,
interdict,
overrule,
veto,
stop
from
Limit,
restrict,
confine,
blockade,
fetter,
shackle,
circumscribe
Prohibited,
forbidden,
banned,
illegal,
ou
tlawed,
proscribed,
taboo;
Durance,
taboo,
控制
,
抑制
Control,
wield,
hold,
steer,
helm,
maneu
ver,
manipulate,
dominate,
regulate,
rein
in,
direct,
rule,
govern,
reign,
regiment
Curb,
bridle,
yoke,
restrain
inhibit
smold
er,
suffocate
，
refrain
from
阻碍
455
Hinder,
hamper,
check,
stunt,
impede,
b
lock,
obstruct,
retard,
interrupt,
hold
ba
ck,
prevent
from,
forestall,
keep
from,
d
eter
from,
discountenance,
lumber,
thwa
rt,
stem,
stymie,
frustrate,
stump,
stem,
Entangle,
enmesh,
ensnare,
entrap,
Barrier,
obstacle,
obstruction,
impedimen
t,
setback,
hindrance,
hurdle,
blockade,
blockage,
morass,
predicament,
plight,
straits,
qua
ndary,
strait,
预防
Forestall,
proselytize,
preclude,
prevent,
干预
432
Interfere,
intervene,
intercede,
meddle,
annoy,
vex,
nettle,
perturb,
disturb,
disc
omfit,
molest,
pester,
bother,
annoy,
ha
rass,
intrude,
Mediate,
Inroad,
raid,
assail,
assault,
attack,
tres
pass,
infringe,
attack,
foray,
intrude,
en
croach,
Turbulence,
disturbance
得到，付出
付出
给
Give,
offer,
endow,
endue,
present,
best
ow,
provide,
supply,
furnish
Impart,
instruct,
apprise,
teach,
instill,
i
nculcate,
Proffer,
confer,
donate,
contribute,
subs
cribe,
bequeath,
Issue,
flow
out,
release,
支出
Cost,
spend,
pay,
pay
out,
expend,
disb
urse,
Prodigal,
profligate,
splurge,
spendthrift,
dissipate
frugal,
scrimp,
skimp,
abstemious,
Expenditure,
subvention,
归还
,
偿
439
Return,
hand
out,
restore,
reciprocate,
r
emunerate,
revert,
Compensate,
reimburse,
indemnify,
expi
ate,
atonement,
Salary,
remuneration,
Emolument,
honor
arium,
分配
Distribute,
allocate,
issue,
hand
out,
app
ortion,
allot,
dispense,
ration,
allot,
assi
gn,
designate;
Distribution,
dispensation
ration,
allotme
nt
施加
impose,
entail,
exert,
inflict,
suppress,
s
ubjugate,
compress
,repress,
coerce
，
使满
Suffice,
satiate,
satisfy,
cater,
sate,
mee
t
requirement,
gratify
Suffuse,
implant,
instill,
infuse,
fill,
impr
egnate,
放弃
Relinquish,
give
up,
disclaim,
abdicate,
a
bjure,
waive,
renounce,
recant,
wean,
f
orsake,
abdicate,
desert,
forswear,
reno
unce,
repudiate,
forgo,
disown,
disavow,
abandon
Renunciation,
获得
得到
Get,
receive,
Accept,
attain,
acquire,
obt
ain,
gain,
repossess,
retrieve,
procure,
c
atch,
Earn,
profit,
embezzle,
peculate,
defalcat
e,
graft,
appropriate,
Obtainable,
accessible,
receptive,
Receiver,
recipient,
procurement
夺
Deprive,
take
away,
exact,
extort,
dispo
ssess,
bereave,
divest,
strip,
Loot,
ravage,
ransack,
sack,
despoil,
plu
nder,
rapine,
snatch,
,exploit,
distill,
Confiscate,
impound,
sequestrate,
forfeit,
expropriate
Exaction,
depredation,
spoliation,
吸引
Attract,
appeal,
fascinate,
draw,
charm,
intrigue,
enchant,
tempt,
allure,
enchant,
enthrall,
rivet,
fix,
spellbind,
intoxicate,
engross,
occupy,
captivate,
enamor,
Attractive,
appealing,
charming,
pleasing,
attractiveness,
fascination,
charisma,
pe
rsonal,
magnetism,
attraction,
fascinatio
n,
包含
510
Contain,
consist
of,
comprise,
cover,
enc
ompass,
span,
contain,
encompass,
subs
ume,
consist
of,
include,
involve,
embroi
l,
implicate,
;
Configuration
component
，
需要
,
Require,
call
for,
need,
demand,
necessi
tate,
Necessary,
required,
requisite,
essential,
Requisite,
prerequisite,
requirement,
pre
condition,
使
使
Cause
to
be,
make,
lead
to,
render,
tur
n
into,
trigger,
activate,
cause,
要求，请求，
Request,
ask,
entreat,
demand,
petition,
appeal
to
Solicit,
invoke,
plead,
implore,
beseech,
adjure,
Dictate,
command,
mandate,
order,
instr
uct,
charge,
Imperative,
essential,
compulsory,
mand
atory,
urgent,
obligatory,
Request,
requisition,
petition,
invocation;
促使，
劝说，
Advise,
urge,
argue,
advocate,
persuade,
sway,
influence,
Convince,
expostulate,
exhort,
hortative
刺激，
激发，鼓励
Stimulate,
activate,
spur,
incite,
agitate,
inspire,
arouse,
excite,
provoke,
actuate,
incite,
foment,
stir
up,
trigger,
Kindle,
enkindle,
ignite
encourage,
motivate,
invigorate,
prompt,
instigate,
Impetuous,
impulsive;
Drive,
motivation,
incentive,
inducement,
impetus
推动，驱动，迫使
Push,
drive,
propel,
force,
oblige,
propel,
compel
goad
威逼利诱
欺骗，
伪装
Deceive,
dupe,
cheat,
swindle,
hoodwin
k,
Disguise,
Duplicity,
artifice,
chicanery,
deception,
s
cheme,
subterfuge,
duplicity.
引诱
Beguile,
lure,
tempt,
allure,
entice,
tanta
lize,
coax,
delude,
cozen,
beguile,,
Guile,
deceit,
cunning,
wile,
trickery
Wily
威吓
Threaten,
menace,
intimidate
,hector,
fri
ghten,
bully,
Threatening,
menacing,
Threat,
menace
允许
,
承认
Allow,
let,
permit,
license
Allowance,
license,
permission,
consent,
sanction,
authorization
心理
想要
期望
Expect,
look
forward
to,
wait
for,
look
a
head
to,
suppose,
anticipate,
await
欲望，欲求
Wish,
want,
desire,
long,
yearn,
aspire,
crave,
hanker,
covet:
Desirous,
eager,
avid,
greedy,
acquisitiv
e,
much
desired,
coveted,
ambitious,
en
terprising;
Longing,
aspiration,
yearning,
ambition,
avarice,
desire
for,
appetite,
desire
意图
Intend,
tend
to,
mean,
plan,
be
inclined
to,
predispose,
resolve,
prone
to,
apt
t
o,
disposed
to,
attempt
to,
aim
to,
be
s
et
to,
have
in
mind,
slant
Intentionally,
purposely,
deliberately,
con
sciously,
Intention,
motive,
tendency,
trend,
procl
ivity,
inclination,
acclivity
declivity,
Liable,
inclined
to,
willingly,
likely
不愿意
Waver,
hesitate,
oscillate,
vacillate,
bogg
le,
pause,
falter,
reluctant,
unwilling
，
irresolute,
indecisive,
undetermined,
uncertain,
undecided,
un
sure,
Reluctantly,
unwillingly
Reluctance,
unwillingness
认知
感觉，察觉
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