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新希望英语语法精讲
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“
It
”作形式主语和形式宾语
“
It
”作
形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解
It
作形式主语和形式宾语用法，是英语学习的主要语法项目之
一。无论是单项选择，还是完行填空，
it
用法始终是反复考查
的重、热点之一。现将
it
在特殊句型中作形式主语和形式宾语
用法，进行如下归纳分
析，以供学习参考。
一、
It
用作形式主语
当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主
语时，为保持句
子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用
it
作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时
it
只
起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
e.g. It is wrong to tell a
lie.
(
说谎是错误的。
)
〔
It
为
to
tell a lie
的形式主语〕
It is no use arguing about it.
(
争吵是没用的。
)
〔
It
为
arguing
about it
的形式主语〕
It is uncertain who will come.
(
谁要来还不确定。
)
〔
It
为
who will
come
的形式主语〕
It
作形式主语的常见句型：
①
It
+ be +
形容词
+ to
do sth. / doing / that
?
.
e.g. It is very important to learn a
foreign language.
(
< br>学一门外语非常重要。
)
It is useless crying over the spilt
milk.
(
覆水难收。
)
It was
really surprising that she married a man like that
.(
她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。
)
②
It
+ be +
名词词组
+
doing / that
?
.
e.g. It is no good telling
lies. (
撒谎没好处。
)
It is a pity that you
didn’t go to see the film yesterday.
(
你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。
)
It is a truth that there
would be no new China without the Communist
Party.
(
< br>没有共产党就没有新中国，这是毋庸质疑的。
)
③
It
+ be +
过去分词
+
that
?
.
该句型常见动词有：
say,
hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know,
believe, decide, etc.
e.g. It is said that they have invented
a new type of computer.
(
据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。
)
It is believed that China
will become one of the strongest countries in the
world.
(
< br>大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。
)
It was reported that more
than 170 thousand people died in the 2004
tsunami.
(
据报道，至少有十七万人在
2004
年那场海啸中丧
生。
)
④
It + seems /
appears / happens
等不及物动词
+ that
?
.
e.g. It seems that he enjoys pop songs
very much.(
似乎他非常喜欢流行歌曲。
)
It appears that Tom
might change his mind.
(
看来汤姆可能会改变主意。
)
⑤
若句子
是疑问形式，就只能用
it
作形式主语。
e.g. Does it matter much
that they won’t come tomorrow?
(
他们明天不来很重要吗？
)
Is it true that he will go
abroad next week?
(
< br>他下周出国是真的吗？
)
⑥
It + takes +
(sb.) + some time + to do sth.
这是一个表示“（某人）花多少时间干某事”的句型，其中
it
是形式主语，代替后面的不定式（
to do sth.
），句型中的
sb.
也可以省略。
e.g. It took me some time
to read the reading materials.(
我花了一些时间才
读完那段阅读材料。
)It took him
fourteen hours to go to New Zealand
from Shanghai by plane.(
从上海乘飞机去新西兰花了他
14
小时。
)
How long does it take you to go to
Beijing from Qingdao by train? (
从青岛坐火车到
北京一般要花多久时间？
)
I am
not sure, but I think it takes at least nine hours
to get there.
(
我
不能肯定，但估计至少要九个钟头才能到那儿。
)
二、
It
用作形式宾语
当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平衡，避免句式结
构的混乱，常用
it
作形式宾语，而将真正的
宾语放在句尾。此时
it
仍只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。<
/p>
下列四种情况须用
it
作形式宾语：
1
①
<
/p>
当不定式
（短语）
、
动名词
（短语）
或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语
时
（如
think, make, find,
consider, feel,
suppose
等）；
e.g.
They found it pleasant that they worked with us
Chinese.
（他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快。）
I don’t feel it difficult
to understand the Special English.
（我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难。）
He makes it a rule never to
borrow money.
（他立志决不向别人借钱。）
I think it no need talking
about it with them.
（我认为没必要跟他们谈。）
②
某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如
like,
enjoy, love,
hate
等，往往不能直接接宾语从句；
e.g. I don’t like it that
he’s so lazy.
（我不喜欢他那么懒惰。）
I hate it when my mother
asks me to eat eggs.
（我讨厌母亲要我吃鸡蛋。）
③
that
引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语；
e.g. You may depend on it that we shall
always help you.
（尽管放心，我们会随时帮你的。）
Would you see to it that she gets home
early?
（你负责保证她早到家，好吗？）
He insisted on it that he was innocent.
（他坚持说自己是无辜的。）
④
由及物
动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用
it
。
e.g. I
leave it to your own judgement whether you should
do it.
（我让你自己判断这事是否该做。）
We owe it to you that there
wasn’t a serious accident.
（多亏了你才没有发生严重事故。）
练习一
1. Is _______ necessary to complete the
design before National Day? A. this
B. that
C. it
D. he
2. I don’t think _______ possible to
master a foreign language without much memory
work..
A. this
B. that
C. its
D. it
3. Does _______ matter if he can’t
finish the job on time?
A.
this B
. that
C.
he
D. it
4. Tom’s mother kept telling him that
he should work harder, but ____ didn’t help. A. he
B. which C. she
D.
it
5. _____ is a fact that
English is being accepted as an international
language. A. There
B. This
C. That D. It
6. I hate
_______ when people talk with their mouths full.
A. it
B. that
C. these
D. them
7.
Don
’
t
_______
that
all
those
who
get
good
grades
in
the
entrance
examination
will
prove
to
be
the
most
successful. A. take as granted
B. take this for granted
C. take that for granted
D. take it for
granted
8. I like _______ in
the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
A. this
B. that
C. it D. one
练习二
1. _______ happened _______ he is unfit
for the office.A. This; that
B. That; that
C. It; that
D. He; that
2. We took _______ for granted that
they would accept our advice.A. that
B. this
C. it
D. them
3. ______ that the scientist will give
us a talk next month?A. Is true
B. Is it true
C.
It’s true
D. It’s
truly
4. ____ doesn’t matter
much _____ dress you are going to wear.A. This;
that B. That; who C. It; which D. It;
who
5. _______ is going to
America for further study.
A. He is said that
B. People said that he
C. It was said he
D. It is said that
he
6. They are good friends.
_______ is no wonder that they know each other so
well.A. This B. That
C
. There D. It
7. Is _______ possible to fly to the
moon in a spaceship?A. this
B. there
C. that
D.
it
8. She liked _______ when
he kissed her. A. him
B.
that
C. one
D.
it
9. _______ will do you
good to do some exercise every morning. A. It
B. There
C.
Those D. One
10. We think
_______ our duty to pay taxes to our government.A.
that
B. this
C. its
D.
it
2
Key:
练习一
1-8 CDDDDADC
练习二
1-5 CCBCD 6-10
DDDAD
it
作形式主语和形式宾语
it
既可作人称代词，用来表示动物或无生命的物体等，也可以作无人称
代词，在句中作主语，表示
“
时
间
”
、
“
距离
”
、
“
天气
”
等。它还可以引导强调句，使语气得以加强。此外，
< br>it
在句中能作引导词，充当句子
中的形式上的成分，如
形式主语、形式宾语等。
㈠
it
作形
式主语：
it
作形式主语时没有具体的意义，而只是帮助把真正
的主语移到句子后部去，使句子
显得平稳一些。
it
作形式主语时，可以代替三种形式：不定式、动名词和主语从句。
1.
it
代替不定式短语
常用于下列句型中：
It + be
+
形容词
+ (for/of
sb.)
to do sth.
It + be +
名词
+ to do sth.
It takes sb.
some time to do sth.
干
…
花了某人
…
时间
It’s up to sb.
to do sth.
干
…
是某人的
职责或义务
如：①
It is everyone’s duty to
obey the law.
遵守法律是每个人的义务。
（
it
作形式主语
,
代替不定式短语
to obey the
law
）
②
It is difficult for a
foreigner to learn
Chinese.
对于一个外国人来说，学习汉语是困难的。
（
it
作形式主语
,
代替不定式短语
to learn
Chinese
）
③
It is not right
to use these places as rubbish
dumps.
把这些地方用来倒垃圾是不对的。
（
it<
/p>
作形式主语
,
代替不定式短语
to use these places
as rubbish dumps
）
④
It
took them a year to build the
bridge.
建这座桥花了他们一年的时间。
（
it
作形式主语
,
代替不定式短语
to build the
bridge
）
⑤
It is bad
manners to stare at
people.
瞪着眼睛看人是不礼貌的。
（
it
作形式主语
,
代替不定式短语
to stare at
people
）
⑥
It is up to us
to help those in need.
帮助那些有困难的人是我们的责任。
（
it
作形式主语
,
代替不定式短语
to help those in
need
）
⑦
It is not up to
you to tell me how to do my job.
我怎样干我的工作不用你来多嘴。
（
it
作形式主语
,
代替不定式短语
to tell me how to do
my job
）
◆
It be +
形容词
+ for sb. to do
sth.
与
It be +
形容词
+of sb. to do
sth.
：
如果句型中的形容词描述的是
sb.
的品质、品格，在逻辑上可以作
sb.
的表语，则
sb.
前应用介词
of
，
否则就用
for
。如：①
It’s necessary for us to use a
short
-wave radio to pick up the program
mes.
我们用一
台短波收音机收听这些节目是必要的。
②
It’s
important for us to learn English
well.
学好英语对我们来说是重要的。
③
It’s kind of
you to help me.
感谢你对我的帮助。（
=
You are kind to help me.
）
④
It was foolish
of him to give up the
job.
他放弃那工作是愚蠢的（
= He was
foolish to give up the job.
）
⒉
it
代
替动名词短语：
动名词作主语用后置形式的情况远不及不定式那么普遍，
常限于
no good, no use,
3
useless,
waste
等词的后面。
①
It is no good/ use having a
car if you can’t drive
.
如果你不会开车，有车也没用。
( it
作形式主语
,
代替动名词短语
having a car)
②
It is a waste of time
watching
TV.
看电视是浪费时间。
（
it
作形式主语
,
代
替动名词短语
watching
TV
）
③
It is no use asking
him.
问他没有用。
（
it
作形
式主语
,
代替动名词短语
asking
him
）
④
It is no use talking to him
about
it.
和他谈这事没有用。
（
it
作形式主语
,
代
替动名词短语
talking to him
about
it
）
⒊
it
代替主语从句：
这个主语从句可以用连词
< br>that
引导，也可以用连接代词或连接副词引导。
如：①
It was clear that they
had no desire for
peace.
很清楚他们没有和平的诚意。
（
it
作形式主语
,
代替主语从句
that they had no desire for
peace
）
②
It is doubtful whether she
will be able to
come.
她能否来还很难说。
（
it<
/p>
作形式主语
,
代替主语从句
whether she will be able to
come
）
③
It was clear enough what
she meant.
她的意思是够清楚的。（
it
作形式主语
,
代替主语
从句
what she
meant
）④
It hasn’t
been made clear when the new road is to be opened
to traffic
.
还没明确宣布新路什么
时候通车。（
it
作形式主
语
,
代替主语从句
when the
new road is to be opened to
traffic
）
⑤
It is a mystery to me how
it all
happened.
这都是怎么发生的对于我来说还是一个谜。
（
it
作形式主语
,
代替主语从句
how it all
happened
）
用
it
作形式主语，把真正的主语从句移至后面的常
见句型有：
◆
It is a pity/ a shame/ a
fact/ an honour/ good news/ no wonder/ a wonder…
that…
如：①
It was a pity that the
engineer couldn’t
come.
可惜工程师没能够来。
②
It is a wonder that he
continues to gamble when he always
loses!
令人惊讶的是他一直输还一直赌。
③（
It
is
）
no wonder (that) you were
late!
难怪你来晚了。
④
It is a shame that the rain
spoiled our picnic.
真可惜，这场雨把我们的野餐给搅了。
⑤
It is a fact
that English is being accepted as international
language.
英语被认为是国际语言，这是一个事实。
◆
It is +
形容词
（如：
strange/ natural/ surprising/ obvious/
true/ fortunate/ wonderful/ funny/ possible/
impossible/ likely/ unlikely/ clear/
unusual/ certain/
important…
）
that …
如：①
It is certain that he
will win.
他一定会取胜。
②
It is important
that we should learn from each other and help each
other.
我们应当互相学习，互相帮助，这是很重要的。
③
It
was obvious that the child had been badly
treated.
很显然那个孩子受过虐待。
④
It
is likely that he will ring me tonight.
他今晚可能给我打电话。
⑤
It is strange
that he should have left without telling us.
真奇怪，他也没说一声就走了。
⑥
It is unlikely
that their group will get ahead of us.
他们小组不会赶到我们前头去。
◆
It seems/
happened/ turned out/ suddenly struck me/ occurred
to me…that …
如：①
It happened that I wasn’t
there that day.
恰好那天我不在那里。
②
It seems that
his idea is more
practical.
看起来他的意见更实际一些。
③
It
suddenly occurred to me that I knew how to solve
that problem.
我忽然想起我知道怎样解决那个问题。
◆
It
+
be
+
过去分词（如：
said/
reported/
announced/
decided/
expected/
hoped/
known/
bel
ieved…
）
that…
如：①
It is hoped that the number of deer will
greatly increase very
soon.(
相当于：
People hope that
the number of deer will greatly increase very
soon)
人们希望鹿的数目将会很快增加。
②
It is said that nothing has
been done about it.
据说至今对此没采取任何措施。
③
It is reported that more
than twenty people were killed in that bus
accident.
据报道在那次的公共汽车事故中有二十多人丧生。
④
It is known that he is one
of the best teachers in our
school.
大家都知道他是我们学校最好的教师之一。
4