-
It
作形式主语常见句型
动词不定式，动名词或主语从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语动词前，而用
it<
/p>
作形式主
语，放到句首，常见句型有：
1. It + be +
形容词
+
主语从句，如：
It is
uncertain whether he can come to
Jenny
’
s birthday party or
not.
2. It + be +
名词词组
+
主语从句，这类名词有：
a fact, a pity, a
shame, an honour
，
a
question
等，如：
It
’
s a pity that
you missed the exciting football match.
It remains a question whether he will
come or not.
3. It + be +
过去分词
+
主语从句，这类过去分词有：
announced,
believed, expected,
hoped, decided,
reported, said, shown
等，
如：
It is reported
that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.
It is not decided who will give the
operation to the patient.
4. It +
不及物动词
(seem, appear,
happen
等
) +
主语从句
,
这类不及物动词有：
appear,
happen, seem
等，
如：
It seemed that
he didn
’
t tell the truth.
It happened that I was out when he
called.
5. It + be +
形容词
+ for
sb.
）
+
动词不定式
这类句型常用形容词
easy, difficult,
hard, important, possible
，
wi
se
等作表语，有时
候为了强调不定式动作的执行者，常在不定
式前加
for sb
，如：
It
’
s necessary
for the young to master two foreign language.
It is unwise to give the children
whatever they want.
这类形容词有：
easy, difficult,
hard, important,
possible
，
wise
6. It + be +
形容词
+ of sb. +
动词不定式，这类形容词常是表示心理
品质
,
性格特征的形
容词，
如：
kind, nice stupid, clever,
foolish, polite, impolite, silly, selfish, conside
rate
等。某人和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构。如：
It
’
s very kind of
you to help me with the work.
=You are
kind to help me.
It seemed selfish of
him not to share his dictionary with others.
=He seemed selfish not to share his
dictionary with others.
7. It + be
+
名词词组
+
动词不定式，如：
It is
not a good habit to stay up too late.
8. It + be +
名词或形容词
+
动名词，这类名词和形容词常常是：
good, no
good, no use,
a waste of, useless,
senseless
等，如：
It
’
s a waste of
time talking to her any more.
It is no
use arguing about the matter with him.
9. It + take ( sb. )+
时间（金钱）
+
动词不定式，如：
It took
the workers almost three years to finish building
the dam.
It will take a whole day to
get to the top of the mountain on foot.
实战演练：
1.
It
is
generally
considered
unwise
to
give
a
child
he
or
she
wants.
(NMET 1997)
A. however
B. whatever
C. whichever
D. whenever
2. In fact
is a hard job
for the police to keep order in an important
football
match. (2001
上海
)
A. this
B. that
C. there
D. it
3.
is a fact that English is
being accepted as an international language.
(NMET1995)
A. There
B. This
C. That
D. It
4. Is
necessary to take off our shoes when we
enter the lab? (MET88)
A.
everyone
B. this
C.
her
D.
it
5. ________ will take you a lot of
time to find him in the crowd.
A. It
B.
I
C. We
D.
They
6. It is no use his _________
there, the situation is hopeless now.
A. to go
B. to be going
C. going
D.
having gone
7. It is never too late to
learn, ________?
A. is it
B.
isn
’
t it
C.
does it
D. doesn
’
t it
8. ___________ is known to all that
Shenzhou VI Launched Successfully.
A. As
B. What
C. It
D.
That
9. _______ is reported
in the newspaper, the Earthquake in east China's
Jiangxi
Province killed 13 people
A. It
B.
As
C. That
D. What
10.
___________ certain that his invention will make
people
’
s life convenient.
A.
That
’
s
B.
This is
C.
It
’
s
D.
What
’
s
11.
_________ that there is another football match on
the air this evening.
A. It says
B. It was said
C. It is said
D. What was
said
12. __________ that their daughter
got an opportunity to study abroad.
A.
It
’
s a exciting news
B. This is an exciting news
C. This is
exiting news
D.
It
’
s exciting news
参考答案：
1
——
5 BDDDA
6
——
10CACAC
11
——
12CD
㈠
it
作形式主语：
it
作形式主语时没有具体的意义，
而只是帮助把真正的主语移到句子后部去，
使句子显
得平稳一些。
it
作形式主语时，可以代替三种形
式：不定式、动名词和主语从句。
⒈
it
代替不定式短语
常用于下列句型中：
It + be
+
形容词
+ (for/of
sb.)
to do sth.
It + be +
名词
+ to do sth.
It takes sb.
some time to do sth.
干…花了某人…时间
It’s up to sb. to do sth.
干…是某人的职责或义务
①It is
everyone’s duty to obey the law.
遵守法律是每个人的义务。
（
it
作形式主语
,
代替不定式短语
to obey the
law
）
②
It is difficult for a
foreigner to learn Chinese.
对于一个外国人来说，学习汉语是困难的。
（
it
作形式主语
,
代替不定式短语
to learn
Chinese
）
③
It is not right
to use these places as rubbish dumps.
把这些地方用来倒垃圾是不对的。
（
it<
/p>
作形式主语
,
代替不定式短语
to use these places
as rubbish dumps
）
④
It
took them a year to build the bridge.
建这座桥花了他们一年的时间。
（
it
作形式主语
,
代替不定式短语
to
build
the
bridge
）
◆
It be +
形容词
+ for
sb. to do sth.
与
It be +
形容词
+of sb. to do
sth.
：
如果句型中的形容词描述的是
sb.
的品质、品格，在逻辑上可以作
sb.
的表语，则
sb.
前应用介词
of
，否则就用
for
。
①It’s
necessary for us to use a short
-wave
radio to pick up the programmes.
我们用一台短波收音机收听这些节目是必要的。
③It’s kind of
you to help me.
感谢你对我的帮助。
（
= You
are kind to help me.
）
④
It
was foolish of him to give up the job.
他放弃那工作是愚蠢的。
（
= He
was foolish to give up the job
⒉
it
代替动名词短语：
动名词作主语用后置形式的情况远
不及不定式那么普遍，常限于
no
good,
no
use,
useless,
waste
等词的后面。
①It is no good/ use having a car if you
can’t
drive.
如果你不会开车，有车也没用。
( it
作形式主语
,
代替动名词短语
hav
ing a car)
②
It is a waste of time
watching TV.
看电视是浪费时间。
（
it
作形式主语
,
代替动名
词短语
watching TV
）
③
It
is no use asking him.
问他没有用。
（
it
作形式主语
,
代替动名词短语
asking him
）
⒊
it
代替主语从句：
这个主语从句可以用连词
that
引导，也可以用连接代词或连接副词引导。
①
It was clear that they had
no desire for peace.
很清楚他们没有和平的诚意。
（
it<
/p>
作形式主语
,
代替主语从句
that they had no desire for
peace
）
②
It is doubtful
whether she will be able to come.
她能否来还很难说。
（
it
作形式主语
,
代替主语
从句
whether
she
will
be
able
to
come
）
③
It was clear
enough what she meant.
她的意思是够清楚的。
（
it
作形式主语
,
代替主
语从句
what she
meant
）
用
it
作形
式主语，把真正的主语从句移至后面的常见句型有：
◆
It
is
a
pity/
a
shame/
a
fact/
an
honour/
good
news/
no
wonder/
a
wonder…
that…
①It was a pity that the engineer
couldn’t come.
可惜工程师没能够来。
②
It is a wonder
that he continues to gamble when he always loses!
令人惊讶的是他一直输还一直赌。
◆
It
is +
形容词
（如：
strange/ natural/ surprising/ obvious/
true/ fortunate/
wonderful/
funny/
possible/
impossible/
likely/
unlikely/
clear/
unusual/
certain/
important…）that …
①
It is certain
that he will win.
他一定会取胜。
。
◆
It
seems/
happened/
turned
out/
suddenly
struck
me/
occurred
to
me…that …
①It happened that I wasn’t
there that day.
恰好那天我不在那里。
◆
It
+ be +
过去分词（如：
said/
reported/ announced/ decided/ expected/
hoped/ known/
believed…）
tha
t…
②
It
is said that nothing has been done about it.
据说至今对此没采取任何措施。
③
It is reported
that more than twenty people were killed in that
bus accident.
据报道在那次的公共汽车事故中有二十多人丧生。
*
注意要在
It is suggested/required
/desired/ordered/proposed…that…的主语从
句中用虚
拟语气：
(should) +
动词原形
①
It is requested that he
give a performance at the party.
有人请求他在聚会上表演一个节目。
②
It is suggested
that we should get everything ready by tonight.
建议一切在今晚准备好。
◆
It doesn’t
matter +连接代词或副词…
It doesn’t make too much
difference
+
连接代词或副词…
①It doesn’t
matter whether he comes or not.
他来还是不来都没关系。
②It won’t make much
difference whether you go today or
tomorrow.
你今天去也好，明天去也好，关系不大。
㈡
it
作形式宾语：
it
作形
式宾语时，可以代替三种形式：不定式、动名词和宾语从句。
it
作形式宾语时，
需具备两个条件：
①
真正的宾语是不定式、
动名词或从句
②
有宾
语补足语
具备了这两个条件，形式宾语
it
一定要用。
⒈
it
代替不定式短语
think/ find/
feel/ consider/ make/ regard…+ it
+形容词
/
名词
+
不定式短语
①
I
find it pleasant to work with him.
(it
作形式宾语，代替不定式短语
to work with
him)
我觉得和他一起工作很愉快。
②
They felt it difficult to
finish the work in such a short time.
（
it
作形式宾语，代替不定式短语
to finish the
work in such a short time
）
他们认为在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是困难的。
⑥
All
these noises made it impossible for me to go on
with the work.
（
it
作形式宾语，代替不定式短语
to go on with
the work
）这些噪音使我无法继续
工作。
⒉
it
代替动名词短语
(
这只限于少数句型，在多数情况下用不定式时更多一些
)
①
The
professor considers it no good reading without
understanding.
这位教授认为阅读而不理解没有益处。
③
He
found it useless( no use) arguing with him.
他发现和他辩论没有用。
④
He thought it
absolutely senseless attempting the impossible.
想做不可能的事情，他认为是完全没道理的。
⒊
it
代替宾语从句：
①
We
all thought it a pity that the conference should
have been cancelled.
会议取消了我们都感到很遗憾。
②
I took it for
granted that they were not coming.
我想他们准是不会来的了。
③I’ll see to it that
everything is ready in
time.我负责使一切都按时准备好。
㈢
含
it
的常用句型
英语中有一些固定句型中含有
it,
应注意这些句型的使用。
⒈
It
be +
被强调部分
+
that/ who +
其他成分
I met Peter in Japan last
year.
⑴
It was
I
who/that met Peter in Japan
last year.
⑵
It was Peter
whom/that I met
in Japan last year.
⑶
It was in Japan
that I met Peter last year.
⑷
It
was last year that I met Peter in Japan.
* not …until
也可用于强调句型
例１
Mr
Brown didn’t come back until eleven
o’clock.
可变为：It was not until eleven o’clock
that
Mr Brown came back.
*
强调句也可变为特殊疑问句
例１
It
was in 1949 that the PRC was founded.
可变为：
When was it
that the PRC was founded?
⒉
It’s +
地点状语+
that…（强调句）
It’s
+地点名词+ where… (定语从句
)
①
It is the town
where I was born.
(the town
为地点名词，定语从句
< br>)
这是我出生的镇子。
②
It was in the town that I
was born.
(in
the town
为地点状语，强调句型
)
我出生在这个镇子。
⒊
It’s +
时间名词+ when…(时间状语从句
)
It’s +
时间状语
+that…(强调
句
)
①It was at 8
o’clock that he returned.
(at 8
o’clock
是时间状语，
强调句
)
他
是在八点钟回来的。
②It was 8
o’clock when he returned.(8 o’clock
是时间
名词，时间状语从句
)
他回来的时候是八点钟。
⒋
if it is
convenient to you
如果你方便的话
If it is
convenient to you, you can start tomorrow.
如果方便的话，你明天可以动身。
⒌
believe it or not
信不信由你
①Believe it or not, I’ll go
abroad next month.
不管你信还是不信，我下个月要出国。
⒍
It’s time that…did / should do
…(定语从句
)
①
It is time that I went and
picked up my daughter from school.
我该去学校
接
我女儿放学了。
②It’s high tim
e
that we stopped/should stop this practice.
< br>我们的确该停止这
种做法了。
⒎
It
is /has been…since…did…(时间状语从句
)
It is just a
week since we arrived here.
我们来这里已一星期了。
⒏It won’t be
…before…用不了（多长时间）就会…
It wasn’t
…before…没过（多长时间）就…
①
It will be a
long time before we finish the task.
我们还
需要很长时间才能完成这
项任务。
②It wasn’t long before he
learned to use the
computer.不久他就学会使用计算
机了。
㈣
易混用其他句型
英语中有一些句型不含
it,
但却易被误用了
it
，常见的有以下句型：
⒈
There is
something/nothing wrong/ the matter with sb./ sth.
There is
nothing wrong /the matter wit
h him.
He’s just pretending.
他没什么事，他只是在装呢。
⒉
There is no doubt
about…对…毫不怀疑
There is no
doubt that…对…毫不怀
疑
①
There is no doubt about his
suitability for the
job
毫无疑问，他适合这个工作。
③
There is no
doubt that he is hard to deal
with.
毫无置疑他很难对付。
⒊
There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.
没必要…
①
There was no need for him
to remain in
Paris.
他没有必要继续留在巴黎。
⒋There is no/a
possibility that…
…没可能
/
有可能
①
There is a possibility that
the train may be
late.
可能火车要晚点。
②There is no possibility
that we’ll see him this weeke
nd.
我们本周末不可能见
到他。
⒌
There is a chance that …可能…
There is a
chance that the sick child will get well.
这个生病的孩子可能会好起来
的。
⒍
There be no/ some differences between…a
nd……和…之间没
/
有区别
There are some
differences between the two languages.
这
两种语言之间有些区
别。
⒎
After what seemed +
时间
After what seemed a very long time, the
wounded soldier came back to life.
在经过似乎很长的一段时间之后，那个受伤的士兵苏醒了过来。
⒏
There be difficulty/ trouble (in) doing
sth.
干…有困难
There was no difficulty in
finding him.
找到他没费什么事。
三
.
形式主语、形式宾语专项练习
1.
It's easier _____ than ________.
A. say, do
B. to say, to
do C. says, does
D. saying, doing
2. It takes me 30 minutes ________ to
school by bike every day.
A. going
B. to go
C. goes
D. go
3. It’s not easy ________ us _________
a foreign l
anguage.
A. for; learning
B. of;
learning
C. of; to learn
D. for; to learn
4.
Children find___ interesting to play computer
games.
A. that
B. which
C. it
D. it’s
5. Do you
think it important _____ computer well?
A. play
B.
plays
C. to play
D.
playing
6. Is _______ necessary to
complete the design before National Day?
A. this B.
that C. it D. he
7.
I
don’t
think
_______
possible
to
master
a
foreign
language
without
much
memory work.
A. this
B. that
C. its
D. it
8.
Does _______ matter if he can’t finish the job on
time?
A. this
B. that C. he D. it
9.
Tom’s
mother
kept
telling
him
that
he
should
work
harder,
but
_______
didn’t
help.
A. he
B. which C. she D. it
10.
_______ is a fact that English is being accepted
as an international language.
A. There
B. This
C. That
D. It
11. I hate _______
when people talk with their mouths full.
A. it B. that C. these
D. them
12. I like _______ in the
autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
A. this B. that C. it D.
one
13. _______
happened _______ he is unfit for the office.
A. This; that
B. That; that
C. It; that
D. He; that
14. We took
_______ for granted that they would accept our
advice.
A. that B. this
C. it D. them
15. _______ that the
scientist will give us a talk next month?
A. Is true B. Is it true
C. It’s true D. It’s truly
16. _______ doesn’t matter much _______
dress you are going to wear.
A. This; that
B. That; who
C. It; which
D. It; who
17. _______ is
going to America for further study.
A. He is said that
B.
People said that he
C. It was said he
D. It is said that he
18. They are good friends. _______ is
no wonder that they know each other so well.
A. This B. That C. There
D. It
19. Is _______ possible to fly to
the moon in a spaceship?
A. this B. there C. that D. it
20. She liked _______ when he kissed
her.
A. him B. that C.
one D. it
21. _______ will do you good
to do some exercise every morning.
A. It
B. There
C. Those
D. One
22. We think _______ our duty to pay
taxes to our government.
A. that
B. this
C. its
D. it
23.
I’d
appreciate
________
if
you
would
like
to
teach
me
how
to
use
the
computer.
A. that
B. it
C. this
D. you
24 . -What do you
think made Mary so upset?
-___ her new bicycle.
A. As she lost
B. Lost
C. Losing
D. Because of
losing25. Our monitor
suggested
25_____a discussion of this subject.
A. to have
B. should have
C.
have
D. having
26. It’s very kind ___ you ______
me..
A. for,
helping
B. of ,help
C. for, to help
D. of, to
help
27
—
What do you think of the
book
？
-Oh,
excellent
．
It's worth ___a
second time.
A. to
read
B. to be read C.
reading
D. being read
28.
It’s no use
＿＿＿＿＿
forward to
＿＿＿＿
from her soon.
A. to look; to hear
B.
looking; hearing
C. looking; hear
D. look; hear
29.
It took the workmen only two hours to finish
________ my car.
A. repairing
B. repair
C. to repair
D.
repaired
30. __________
clean is a safeguard against disease.
A. To be
keeping
B. Kept
C. Keep
D.
Keeping
参考答案
1
—
5
BBDCC
6
—
10
CDDDD
11
—
15
ACCCB
16
—
20 CDDDD
21
—
25
ADBCD
26
—
30 DCBAD
It
”作形式主语和宾语
It
作形式主语和形式宾语用法
，是中学阶段英语学习的主要语法项目之一。纵观历届
高考题，无论是单项选择，还是完
行填空，
it
用法始终是反复考查的重、热点之一。现将
it
在特殊句型中作形式主语和形式宾语用法，进行如下归纳分析，以
供学习参考。
一、
It
用作形式主语
当不定式（短语）
、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构
前后平
衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用
it
作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时
it
只
起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
e.g. It is wrong to tell a lie.
(
说谎是错误的。
)
〔
It
为
to
tell a lie
的形式主语〕
It is no use arguing about it.
(
争吵是没用的。
)
〔
It
为
arguing
about it
的形式主语〕
It is uncertain who will come.
(
谁要来还不确定。
)
〔
It
为
who
will come
的形式主语〕
It
作形式主语的常见句型：
①
It + be +
形容词
+ to do sth.
/ doing / that ….
e.g. It
is very important to learn a foreign language.
(
学一门外语非常重要。
)
It
is useless crying over the spilt milk.
(
覆水难收。
)
It was really surprising that she
married a man like that.
(
她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。
)
②
It + be
+
名词词组
+ doing /
that ….
e.g. It is no good
telling lies.
(
撒谎没好处。
)
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see
the film yesterday.
(
你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。
)
It is a truth that there would be no new China
without the Communist Party.
(
没有共产党就没有新中国，这是毋庸质疑的。
)
③
It
+ be +
过去分词
+
that ….
该句型常见动词有：
say, hope, think,
suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide,
etc.
e.g. It is said that
they have invented a new type of computer.
(
据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。
)
It is believed that China will become one of the
strongest countries in the world.
(
大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。
)
It was reported that more than 170
thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami.
(
据报道，至少有十七万人在
200
4
年那场海啸中丧生。
)
④
It + seems /
appears / happens
等不及物动词
+ that ….
e.g.
It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much.
(
似乎他非常喜欢流行歌曲。
)
It appears that Tom might change his
mind.
(
看来汤姆可能会改变主意。
)
⑤
若句子是疑问形式，就只能用
it
作形式主语。
e.g. Does it matter much
that they won’t come tomorrow?
(
他们明天不来很重要吗？
)
Is it true that he will go abroad next
week?
(
他下周出国是真的吗？
)
⑥
It + takes +
(sb.) + some time + to do sth.
这是一个表示“
（某人）
花多少时间干某事”的句型，
其中
it
是形式主语，
代替后面的不定