-
1906
海上保险法
海上保险（
Marine
Insurance
）
第
1
条：海上保险的定义（
Marine insurance
defined
）
A contract of marine insurance is a
contract whereby the insurer undertakes to
indemnify the ass
ured, in manner and to
the extent thereby agreed, against marine losses,
that is to say, the losses in
cident to
marine adventure.
海上保险合同，
是一种保险人按照约
定的方式和范围，
对与海上冒险有关的海上灭失，
向被
保险人承担赔偿责任的合同。
第
2
条
海陆混合风险
（
Mixed sea and land
risks
）
2.(1) A contract of marine
insurance may, by its express terms, or by a usage
of trade, be extend
ed so as to protect
the assured against losses on inland water or on
any land risk which may be inci
dental
to any sea voyage.
(2)
Where a ship in course of building, or the launch
of a ship, or any adventure analogous to a
marine adventure, is covered by a
policy in the form of a marine policy, the
provisions of this Act,
in so far as
applicable, shall apply
thereto
；
but, except by this
section provided, nothing in this Act shall alter
or affect any rule of law applica
ble to
any contract of insurance other than a contract of
marine insurance as by this Act defined.
(1)
海上保险合同，得用明示条款或经由某种贸易习惯，扩展保障被保险人在与海上
航程有
关的内河或任何陆地风险中的损失。
(2)
如果用海上保险单格式的保险单，承保建造中的船舶，或者船舶下水，或类似海
上冒险
的任何冒险，本法中的各项规定，只要是可适用者，均得适用之；但除本条规定者
外，本法
的任何规定，
都不能改变或影响任何适用于本法规定的
海上保险合同以外的保险合同的法律
规定。
第
3
条
海上冒险与海上危险的定义（
Marine
adventure and maritime perils defined
）
3.(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, every
lawful marine adventure may be the subject of
a contract of marine insurance.
(2) In particular there
is a marine adventure where-
(a) Any ship, goods or other
movables are exposed to maritime perils. Such
property is in the A
ct referred to as
“insurable
property.”
(b) The earning or acquisition of any freight,
passage money, commission, profit or other
pecuni
ary benefit, or the security for
any advances, loans or disbursements, is
endangered by the exposur
e of insurance
property to maritime perils.
(c) Any liability to a third party
may be incurred by the owner of, or other person
interested in o
r responsible for,
insurable property, by reason of maritime perils.
3(1)
受本法规定的制
约，每一合法的海上冒险得为海上保险合同的标的。
(2)
特别是以下各项属于海上冒险：
（
a
）受海上危险影响的任何船舶，货物或其他动产。此种财产在本法中被称为
“
可保财产
”
。
（
b
）由于保险财产暴露于海上危险之中而危及的任何运费，客票款，佣金，利润或其他
钱
财上的利益，或任何预付款，贷款，或垫付费用的担保。
（
c
）保险财产的所有人或其他对其有利益或有责任的当事人
由于海上风险的原因对第三方
产生的任何责任。
”
保险利益（
Insurable
Interest
）
第
4
条
赌博合同无效（
Avoidance of wagering
or gaming contracts
）
4.(1) Every contract of
marine insurance by way of gaming or wagering is
void.
(2) A contract of
marine insurance is deemed to be a gaming or
wagering contract-
(a)
Where the assured has not an insurable interest as
defined by this Act and the contract is
ente
red into with no expectation of
acquiring such an interest; or
(b) Where the policy is made
“interest
or no
interest”
or
“without
further proof of
interest than t
he policy
itself”,
or
“without
benefit of salvage
to the
insurer”,
or subject
to any other like term.
Provided that, where there is no possibility of
salvage, a policy may be effected without benefit
of salvage to the insurer.
4
．
（
1
）用作赌博的海上保险合同无效。
（
2
）海上保险合同在下列情况下，被认为是赌博合同：
(a)
被保险人对保险标
的无本法规定的保险利益，而且在缔约后仍无获得此种保险利益的
可能；
(b)
保险单
是按
“
无论有无保险利益
”
，
或
“
除保险单本身外，再无具有保险利益的证明
”
，
或
“
保险人无救助利益
”
等条件，或按其他类似条件订定的。
但是，如无救助的可能，保
险单可以按保险人无救助利益的条件签订。
第
5
条
保险利益的定义（
Insurable interest
defined
）
5.
（
1
）
Subject to the provisions of this
Act, every person has an insurable interest who is
interested in a
marine adventure.
（
2
）
In
particular, a person is interested in a marine
adventure where he stands in any legal or
equitable relation to the adventure or
to any insurable property at risk therein, in
consequence of w
hich he may benefit by
the safety or due arrival of insurable property,
or may be prejudiced by its l
oss, or by
damage thereto, or by the detention thereof, or
may incur liability in respect thereof.
（
1
）根据本法各条规定，与海上冒险有利益关系的每一个人具有保险利益。
（
2
）一个人与海上冒险有利益关系，尤其是在
他与该冒险或处在危险中的任何保险财产，
具有任何法律上或衡平的关系，
因而若保险财产安全或及时抵达他便能从中获取利益；
反之，
如果保险财产灭失，损坏，或被滞留或招致有关责任，他的利益将受到损害。
第
6
条
何时应具有利益（
When interest must
attach
）
6.
（
1
）
The
assured must be interested in the subject-
matter insured at the time of loss
though he need not be interested when the
insurance is effected.
（
2
）
Whe
re the assured has no interest at the time of the
loss, he cannot acquire interest by any act or
el
ection after
he is aware of the loss.
（
1
）虽然
投保时被保险人无需对保险标的具有利益，但在保险标的灭损时，他必须对其具
有利益。
（
2
）如果
被保险人在灭损当时不具有利益，他不能在他知晓该灭损后，通过任何行为或选
择而获取
利益。
第
7
条
可撤销的利益或偶然的利益（
Defeasible or
contingent interest
）
7.(1) A defeasible
interest is insurable, as also is a contingent
interest.
(2) In
particular, where the buyer of goods has insured
them, he has an insurable interest,
notwit
hstanding that he might, at his
election,
（<
/p>
1
）可撤销的利益是保险利益，偶然的利益亦然。
（
2
）特别是，如货物买方已将该批货物保险，他
就对该批货物具有保险利益，尽管由于卖
方交货延误或其他原因，致使被保险人可能选择
拒收货物，或将货物视作卖方风险。
第
8
条
部分利益（
Partial
interest
）
8. A partial interest of any nature
is insurable.
8
．任何性质的部分利益均可承保。
第
9
条
再保险（
Re-
insurance
）
9(1) The insurer under a contract
of marine insurance has an insurable interest in
his risk, and m
ay re-insure in respect
of it.
(2) Unless the
policy otherwise provides, the original assured
has no right or interest in respect
of
such re-insurance.
9
．
（
1
）海上保险合同中的保险人对其承保的风险有保险利益，
并可将有关风险再保险。
（
2
）除非保险单另有规定，原被保险
人对此种再保险没有权利或利益。
第
10
条
<
/p>
（以船、货为抵押物的）抵押贷款（
Bottomry
）
10.
The lender of money on bottomry or respeondentia
has an insurable interest in respect of
the
loan.
10
．以船、货为抵押物的贷款方对其贷款有保险利益。
第
11
条
船长和船员的工资（
Master?s
and
seamen?s
wages
）
11. The master or any member of the
crew of a ship has an insurable interest in
respect of his w
ages.
11
．船长或船员对其工资有保险利益。
第
12
条
预付运费（
Advance
freight
）
12. In the case of advance freight,
the person advancing the freight has an insurable
interest, in s
o for as much freight is
not repayable in case of loss.
12
．预付运费的人对在损失后不能收回的预付运费有
保险利益。
第
13
条
保险费（
Charges of
insurance
）
13. The assured has an insurable
interest in the charges of any insurance which be
may effect.
13
．被保险人对其应支付的保险费具有保险利益。
第
14
条
利益数额（
Quantum of
interest
）
14.(1) Where the subject-matter
insured is mortgaged, the mortgagor has an
insurable interest in
the full value
thereof, and the mortgagee has an insurable
interest in respect of any sum due or to
become due under the
mortgage.
(2) A mortgagee, consignee, or other person having
an interest in the subject-matter insured
may
insure on behalf and for the
benefit of other persons interested as well as for
his own benefit.
(3)
The owner of insurable property has an insurable
interest in respect of the full value thereof,
notwithstanding that some third person
may have agreed, or be liable, to indemnify him in
case of
loss.
14
．
（<
/p>
1
）在保险标的被抵押之场合，
抵押人对
抵押物的全部价值有保险利益，而抵押权人对
抵押贷款合同下其所付的或应付的有关金额
有保险利益。
（
2
）抵押
权人、收货人或对保险标的有利益的其他人，除为了自已的利益外，得代表和为
其他有利
害关系的人的利益进行保险。
（
3
）尽管
在发生损失的情况下，某些第三者可能已同意或有义务赔偿其损失，保险财产的
所有人对
其财产的全部价值有保险利益。
第
15
条
利益转让（
Assignment of
interest
）
15
．
Where the
assured assigns or otherwise parts with his
interest in the subject-
matter
insured, he does not thereby transfer to the
assignee his rights under the contract of
insuran
ce, unless there be an express
or implied agreement with the assignee to that
effect.
But the
provisions of this section do not affect a
transmission of interest by operation of law.
15
．
被保险人若转让或以其他方式放弃其保险标的利益，<
/p>
他并不因此将其保险合同下的权利
转让给受让人，除非与受让人订
有转让保险权益的明示或默示协议。
但本条规定不影响因实施法律而发生的利益转让。
保险价值（
Insurable
Value
）
第
16
条
保险价值的确定（
Measure of insurable
value
）
16. Subject to any express
provision or valuation in the policy, the
insurable value of the subject
-matter
insured must be ascertained as follows:-
(1) In insurance on
ship, the insurable value is the value at the
commencement of the risk, of the
ship,
including her outfit, provisions and stores for
the officers and crew, money advanced for
sea
men
?s
wages,
and other disbursements (if any) incurred to make
the ship fit for the voyage or
adve
nture contemplated by the policy,
plus the charges of insurance upon the
whole:
The
insurable value, in the case of a steamship,
includes also the machinery, boilers, and coals
a
nd engine stores if owned by the
assured, and, in the case of a ship engaged in a
special trade, the
ordinary fittings
requisite for that trade:
(2) In insurance on freight, whether paid in
advance or otherwise, the insurable value is the
gros
s amount of the freight at the risk
of the assured, plus the charges of insurance:
(3) In insurance on
goods or merchandise, the insurable value is the
prime cost of the property i
nsured,
plus the expenses of and incidental to shipping
and the charges of insurance upon the
whol
e:
(4)
In insurance on any other subject-matter, the
insurable value is the amount at the risk of the
assured when the policy attaches, plus
the charges of insurance.
16
．除保险单的明文规定或定值外，保险标的的保险价值，必须按下列规定确定：
（
1
）在船舶保险中，保险价值是风险
开始时的船舶价值，包括船舶的装备、全体船员的食
物与其他物料、
预付给船员的工资以及为使船舶适合航行于保险单载明的航程或海上冒险所
可能产生
的其他垫付费用加上全部保险费用。
对蒸汽机船舶，船舶的保
险价值还应包括机器、锅炉、被保险人拥有的燃料煤和机舱物料，
而如果船舶用于特殊贸
易，则还需包括适合该贸易的通常装备。
（
2
）在运费保险中，无论运费是否预付，保险价值是指被保险人处于风险中的总运费加
上
保险费。
（
3
）在货物或商品保险中，保险价值是该保险财产的成本价格，加上海运费和与海运有
关
的费用，及全部海运过程中的保险费用。
（
4
）在其他保险中，保险价值是保险单生效时被保险人处于
风险中的金额加上保险费用。
告知和陈述（
Disclosure and
Representation
）
第
17
条
保险是最大诚信（
Insurance is
uberrimae fidei
）
17
．
A contract
of marine insurance is a contract based upon the
utmost good faith and, if the ut
most
good faith be not observed by either party, the
contract may be avoided by the other party.
17
．
海上保险合同是建立在最大诚信基础上的合同，
如果任何一方不遵守最大诚信，
他方可
以撤消
该合同。
第
18
条
被保险人的告知（
Disclosure by
assured
）
18.(1) Subject to the provisions of
this section, the assured must disclose to the
insurer, before t
he contract is
concluded, every material circumstance which is
known to the assured, and the assur
ed
is deemed to know every circumstance which, in the
ordinary course of business, ought to be
k
nown by him. If the assured fails to
make such disclosure, the insurer may avoid the
contract.
(2) Every
circumstance is material, which would influence
the judgment of a prudent insurer in
fixing the premium, or determining
whether he will take the risk.
(3) In the
absence of inquiry the following circumstances
need not be disclosed, namely:-
(a) Any circumstance which
diminishes the risks;
(b) Any circumstance which is known or presumed to
be known to the insurer. The insurer is
pr
esumed to know matters of common
notoriety or knowledge, and matters which an
insurer in the o
rdinary course of his
business, as such, ought to know;
(c) Any circumstance as to which
information is waived by the insurer;
(d) Any circumstance which it is
superfluous to disclose by reason of any express
or implied wa
rranty.
(4) Whether any particular
circumstance, which is not disclosed, be material
or not is, in each ca
se, a question of
fact.
(5) The term
“circumstance”
includes any
communication made to, or information received by,
t
he assured.
18.(1)
根据本条的规定，在订立合同前，被保险人必须向保险人告知其所知的一
切重要情
况。
被保险人应视为知道在通常业务过程中他应当知晓
的每一情况。
若被保险人未作此种告
知，保险人可以撤消合同。
(2)
影响谨慎的保险人确定保险费的决定或决定是否承保该项风险的每一情况，即属重要
情况。
(3)
对下列情况如果保险人未问及，被保险人无需告知：
(a)
减少风险的任何情况；
(b)
保险人知道或被认为应该知道的情况；保险人
应该知晓众所周知的事情，以及他在通
常业务中应该知晓的一般情况；
< br>
(c)
保险人不要求被保险人告知的情况；
(d)
由于明文或默示的保证条款，被保险人无需告知的事项。
(4)
在每一案件中，未告知的任何特别情况是否重要，属事实问题。
(5)
“
情况
”
一词包括送给被保险人的通知和其收到的消息。
第
19
条
投保代理人的告知（
Disclosure by agent
effecting insurance
）
19
．
Subject to the provisions
of the preceding section as to circumstances which
need not be di
sclosed where an
insurance is effected for the assured by an agent,
the agent must disclose to the i
nsurer-
(a) Every material
circumstance which is known to himself, and an
agent to insure is deemed to
know every
circumstance which in the ordinary course of
business ought to be known by, or to
ha
ve been communicated to, him; and
(b) Every material
circumstance which the assured is bound to
disclose, unless it came to his
kn
owledge too late to communicate it to
the agent.
19.
若由代理人为被保险人投保
,
除按前条各款规定无需告知的各有关事项外
,
该代理人必
须向保险人告知
:
(a)
他所知道的每一重
要情况
,
保险代理人视为知晓其在通常业务中应当知晓或被保险
人
已通知他的每一情况
;
(b)
及被保险人有义务告知的每一重要情况
,
除非他得知该情况过迟
,
< br>无法及时通知该代理
人
.
第
20
条
协商合同时的陈述（
Representations
pending negotiation of
contract
）
20.
①
Every material
representation made by the assured or his agent to
the insurer during the negotiatio
ns for
the contract and before the contract is concluded,
must be true. If it be untrue the insurer
ma
y avoid the contract.
②
A
representation is material which would influence
the judgment of a prudent insurer in fixing the
premium, or determining whether he will
take the risk.
③
A representation may be
either a representation as to a matter of fact, or
as to a matter of expectati
on or
belief.
④
A representation as to a
matter of fact is true, if it be substantially
correct, that is to say, if the
diffe
rence between what is represented
and what is actually correct would not be
considered material b
y a prudent
insurer.
⑤
A representation as to a
matter of expectation or belief is true if it be
made in good faith.
⑥
A representation may be
withdrawn or corrected before the contract is
concluded.
⑦
Whether a particular
representation be material or not is, in each
case, a question of fact.
20
①在协商合同期间
及订立合同前
,
被保险人或其代理人向保险人作出的每一重要陈
述必须
真实
,
若其不真实
,
保险人可以撤消合同
.
②影响谨慎的保险人确定保险费的评价或决定是否承保该项风险的陈述
,
即为重要陈述
.
③一项陈述既可以是有关事实
,
也可以
是关于期望或是关于信念的陈述
.
④若一项关于事实的陈述实质上是准确的
,
它便是真实的
,
亦即
,
如果陈述内容与实际情况
有差异
,
谨慎的保险人并不认为是重要的
.
⑤若被保险人依诚信作出期望或信念的陈述
,
该陈述即是真实的
.
⑥陈述在订立合同前可以撤回或更正
.
⑦在每一案件中
,
某一特定的陈述是否重要
,
属事实问题
.
第
21
条
何时合同视为成立（
When contract is
deemed to be concluded
）
21
．
A contract of marine
insurance is deemed to be concluded when the
proposal of the assure
d is accepted by
the insurer, whether the policy be then issued or
not and, for the purpose of showi
ng
when the proposal was accepted, reference may be
made to the slip or covering note or other
cu
stomary memorandum of the contract.
21
．
保险人接受被保险人的
投保单后，
无论当时是否已签发保险单，
海上保险合同应视为<
/p>
已经成立；
为表明该投保单何时被接受，
可以参考承保条或暂保单或其他合同习惯的备忘录。
保险单（
The
Policy
）
第
22
条
合同必须包含在保险单内（
Contract must be
embodied in policy
）
22. Subject to the
provisions of any statute, a contract of marine
insurance is inadmissible in evi
dence
unless it is embodied in a marine policy in
accordance with this Act. The policy may be
exe
cuted and issued either at the time
when the contract is concluded, or afterwards.
22
．
受任
何法律规定的制约，
海上保险合同不能作为诉讼的证据，
除非包
含在符合本法的海
上保险单内。保险单可在海上保险合同成立时或以后签发。
第
23
条
保险单必须载明的事项（
What policy must
specify
）
23. A marine policy must specify-
(1) The name of the
assured, or of some person who effects the
insurance on his behalf;
(2) The subject-matter insured and the risk
insured against;
(3)
The voyage, or period of time, or both, as the
case may be, covered by the insurance;
(4) The sum or sums insured;
(5) The name or names
of the insurance.
23
．海上保险单必须载明下列事项：
（
1
）被保险人或代被保险人投保的人的名称；
（
2
）保险标的和承保险别
（
3
）保险承保的航程或期间，或同时承保航程和期间两者，视情况而定
（
4
）保险金额
（
5
）保险人的名称。
（本条第
2
，
3
，
4
，
5
款已被英国
1959
年《财政法》废除。译者注
）
第
24
条
保险人签署（
Signature of
insurer
）
24.(1) A marine policy must be
signed by or on behalf of the insurer, provided
that in the case of
a corporation the
corporate seal may be sufficient, but nothing in
this section shall be construed as
requiring the subscription of a corporation to be
under seal.
(2) Where a
policy is subscribed by or on behalf of two or
more insurers, each subscription,
unl
ess the contrary by expressed,
constitutes a distinct contract with the assured.
24
．
（
1
）海上保险单必须由保险人或其代表签署，假如是（保险）公司出具保险单，则加盖
公司
印章即可；但不能把本条规定解释为要求公司签署加盖印章。
（
2
）在保险单是由两个或两个以上认可保险份额的保险人或其代表出具之情况下，除非
另
有明示相反约定，每一签署构成与被保险人的独立合同。
第
25
条
航次保险单和定期保险单（
Voyage and time
policies
）
25.(1) Where the contract is to
insure the subject-matter at and from, or from one
place to anoth
er or others, the policy
is called a
“voyage
policy”
and where the
contract is to insure the
subject-
matter for a definite period of
time the policy is called a
“time
policy”.
A contract for both
voyage
and time may be included in the
same policy.
((2)
Subject to the provisions of section eleven of the
Finance Act, 1901, a time policy which is
made for any time exceeding twelve
months is invalid.)
25
．
（<
/p>
1
）
在保险合同承保保险标的
“
在和从
”
或
“
从
”
某一地点运送至另
一地点或其他地点之场
合，该保险单称作
“
航次保险单
”
；
在保险合同承保保
险标的某一段固定期间之情况下，该保
险单叫做
“
定期保险单
”
。同一保险单可以同时承保航次和定期
保险的合同。
（
2
）
（该款已废除。译
者注）
第
26
条
指定标的（
Designation of subject-
matter
）
26(1).The subject-matter insured
must be designated in a marine policy with
reasonable certaint
y.
(2) The nature and extent of the
interest of the assured in the subject-matter
insured need not be
specified in the
policy.
(3) Where the
policy designates the subject-matter insured in
general terms ,it shall be construed
to
apply to the interest intended by the assured to
be covered.
(4) In the
application of this section regard shall be had to
any usage regulating the designation
of
the subject-matter insured.
26
（
1
）保险标的必须在海上保险单中合理确定地标明。
（
2
）被保险人对于保险标的利益的性质和范围无需在保险单中明确规定。
（
3
）在保险单用一般术语标明保险标的之场合，应解释为适用于被保险人意图投保的利<
/p>
益。
（
4
）在适用本条规定时，还应考虑制
约保险标的指定的任何习惯。
第
27
条
定值保险单（
V
alued
policy
）
27.(1) A policy may be either
valued or unvalued
(2)
A valued policy is a policy, which specifies the
agreed value of the subject-matter insured.
(3) Subject to the
provisions of this Act, and the absence of fraud,
the value fixed by the policy i
s, as
between the insurer and assured, conclusive of the
insurable value of the subject intended to
b
e insured, whether the loss be total
or partial.
(4) Unless
the policy otherwise provides, the value fixed by
the policy is not conclusive for the
purpose of determining whether there
has been a constructive total loss.
27.(1)
保险单可以是定值保险单，也可以是不定值保险单。
（
2
）定值保险单指载明保险标的的约定价值的保险单。
（
3
）除本法条款另有规定外，若不存在欺骗，不论损失是全损或部分损失，保险单确定<
/p>
的价值即为保险人与被保险人之间意图对标的物投保的确定保险价值。
(4)
除保险单另
有规定外，就确定是否构成推定全损而言，保险单约定的价值并非终结性
的。
第
28
条
不定值保险单（
Unvalued
policy
）
28. An unvalued policy is a policy
which does not specify the value of the subject-
matter insure
d, but, subject to the
limit of the sum insured, leaves the insurable
value to be subsequently ascerta
ined,
in the manner herein before specified.
28
．
不定值保险单指未载明保险标的的价值的保险单，
但受保
险金额制约，
按前述规定将保
险价值留待以后确定。
第
29
条
船舶预约保险单（
Floating policy by
ship or ships
）
29.(1) A floating policy is a
policy which describes the insurance in general
terms, and leaves th
e name of the ship
or ships and other particulars to be defined by
subsequent declaration.
(2) The subsequent declaration or declarations may
be made by endorsement on the policy, or
in
other
customary manner.
(3)
Unless the policy otherwise provides, the
declarations must be made in the order of
dispatch
or shipment. They must, in the
case of goods, comprise all consignments within
the terms of the p
olicy, and the value
of the goods or other property must be honestly
stated, but an omission or erro
neous
declaration may be rectified even after loss or
arrival, provided the omission or declaration
was made in good faith.
(4) Unless the policy otherwise
provides, where a declaration of value is not made
until after no
tice of loss or arrival,
the policy must be treated as an unvalued policy
as regards the subject to ma
tter of
that declaration.
29.(1)
预约保险单是指保险单仅作笼统的规定，将船舶的名称和其他事项在以后
申报中确
定。
（
2
）这种后来进行的申报，
可用批单形式在保险单上批注，也可按其他习惯方式进行。
（
3
）除非保险单另有规定，申报应按装运的前后依次进行。如果是货物，申报必须包括<
/p>
保险单规定条件之内的全部货物运输。
货物或其他财产的价值，<
/p>
必须诚实说明，
但善意的漏
报或误报，即
便在发生损失或货物抵达之后，也可以进行更正。
（
4
）除非保险单另有规定，在收到损失通知或抵达之前未申报价值的情况下，对该申报
的
标的物，保险单应视为不定值保险单。
第
30
条
保险单术语的解释（
Construction of
terms in policy
）
30.(1) A policy may be in the form
in the First Schedule to this Act.
(2) Subject to the provisions of
this Act, and unless the context of the policy
otherwise requites,
the terms and
expressions mentioned in the First Schedule to
this Act shall be construed as having
the scope and meaning in that Schedule
assigned to them.
30,(1)
保险单可按本法所附第一附件的式样签订。
（
2
）
根据本法规定，除非保险单内容另有其他要求，本法所附第
一附件内的术语及措词，
应按赋予该附件规定的词意和范围解释。
第
31
条
待安排的保险费（
Premium to be
arranged
）
31.(1) Where an insurance is
effected at a premium to be arranged, and no
arrangements is mad
e, a reasonable
premium is payable.
(2)
Where an insurance is effected on the terms that
an additional premium is to be arranged in
a given event, and that event happens,
but no arrangement is made, then a reasonable
additional pr
emium is payable.
31
．
（
1
）
在待安排的保险费倘未确定而保险业已生效之场合，
被保险人
应支付合理的保险费。
<
/p>
（
2
）在某一事件发生时，保险继续有效
以某一待安排的附加保险费为条件之情况下，若
事件发生时，倘未商定该附加保费，则被
保险人应支付合理的附加保费。
重复保险（
Double
Insurance
）
第
32
条
重复保险（
Double
insurance
）
32.(1) Where two or more policies
are effected by or on behalf of the assured on the
same adven
ture and interest or any part
thereof, and the sums insured exceed the indemnity
allowed by this Ac
t, the assured is
said to be over-insured by double insurance
(2) Where the assured is over-insured by double
insurance-
(a) The
assured, unless the policy otherwise provides, may
claim payment from the insurers in s
uch
order as he may think fit, provided that he is not
entitled to receive any sum in excess of the
in
demnity allowed by this Act;
(b) Where the policy
under which the assured claims is a valued policy,
the assured must give cr
edit as against
the valuation for any sum received by him under
any other policy without regard to
the
actual value of the subject-matter insured;
(c) Where the policy
under which the assured claims is an unvalued
policy he must give credit,
as against
the full insurable value, for any sum received by
him under any other policy;
(d) Where the assured receives any
sum in excess of the indemnity allowed by this
Act, he is de
emed to hold such sum in
trust for the insurers according to their right of
contribution among them
selves.
32
．
（
1
）
当被保险人或其代表，
就同一冒险和利益或其中的一部分订立
了两份以上的保险单，
且保险金额超过本法所允许的赔偿限额时，被保险人即被视为因重
复保险而超额保险。
（
2
）在被保险人因重复保险而超额保险之
场合：
(a)
除非保险单另有规定，被保险人可根据自已认为合适的顺序，依次向其保险人索赔，
但他所得金额不得超过本法允许的赔偿限额；
(b)
如果被保险人凭以索赔的保险单是一份定值保
险单，被保险人必须将其他保险单项下
他已收取的任何数额从约定保险价值中扣除，无需
考虑保险标的的实际价值；
（
c
）如果被保险人据以索赔的保险单
是一份不定值保险单，被保险人必须将其他保险单
项下他已收取的数额从全部保险价值中
扣除；
(d)
若被保险人得到的金额超过本法所允许的赔偿额，则此种超出金额即被视为由被保险
人代各保险人托管，由保险人按他们之间的分摊权利摊回。
各项保证等（
Warranties,
etc.
）
第
33
条
保证的性质（
Nature of
warranty
）
33.(1) A warranty, in the following
sections relating to warranties, means a
promissory warranty
, that is to say, a
warranty by which the assured undertakes that some
particular thing shall or shall
not be
done, or that some condition shall be fulfilled,
or whereby he affirms or negatives the
exist
ence of a particular state of
facts.
(2) A warranty
may be express or implied.
(3) A warranty, as above defined, is a condition
which must be exactly complied with, whether
i
t be material to the risk or not. If
it be not so complied with, then, subject to any
express provision
in the policy, the
insurer is discharged from liability as from the
date of the breach of warranty, but
without prejudice to any liability incurred by him
before that date.
33
．
（<
/p>
1
）保证（下述各条有关保证）是指允诺性的保证，即被保险人保
证去做或不去做某种
特定事情，或履行某项条件，或者肯定或否定存在某些事实的特定状
态。
（
2
）保证可以明示或默示。
（
3
）按照上述定义，无论保证对风险是否重要，均是一种必须严格遵守的条件。如果被<
/p>
保险人不如此遵守之，
除非保险单另有明示规定，
从被保险人违反保证之日起，
保险人解除
责任，但不妨
碍在违反保证之前产生的任何责任。
第
34
条
何时可免除违反保证（
When breach of
warranty excused
）
34.
（
1
）
Non-
compliance with a warranty is excused
when, by reason of a change of circumstances, the
warrant
y ceases to be applicable to the
circumstances of the contract, or when compliance
with the warran
ty is rendered unlawful
by any subsequent law.
(2) Where a warranty is broken, the assured cannot
avail himself of the defence that the breach
has been remedied, and the warranty
complied with, before loss.
(3) A breach of warranty may be
waived by the insurer.
(1)
由于情况变化，保证不再适用于合同情况，或遵循该保证被任何后来的法律视为
非法
等情况下，不遵循该保证可以免责。
(2)
如果一项保证已被
破坏，则被保险人不能以在发生损失前违反已得到弥补，保证已得
到遵守的理由为自已辩
护。
(3)
保险人可以放弃保证的违反。
第
35
条
明示保证（
Express
warranties
）
35.(1) An express warranty may be
in any form of words from which the intention to
warrant is
to be inferred.
(2) An express warranty must be
included in, or written upon, the policy, or must
be contained i
n some document
incorporated by reference into the policy.
(3) An express warranty
does not exclude an implied warranty, unless it be
inconsistent therewit
h.
35
．
(1)
明示保证可以用任何形式的文字说明保证意图。
(2)
明示保证必须包含
在或写进保险单，或包括在并入保险单的某些文件之中。
(3)
除非明示保证与默示保证相抵触，明示保证不排除默示保证。
第
36
条
中立保证（
Warranty of
neutrality
）
36.(1) Where insurable property,
whether ship or goods, is expressly warranted
neutral, there is
an implied condition
that the property shall have a neutral character
at the commencement of the ri
sk, and
that, so far as the assured can control the
matter, its neutral character shall be
preserved during the risk.
(2) Where a ship is
expressly warranted
“neutral”
there is also an
implied condition that, so far a
s the
assured can control the matter, she shall be
properly documented, that is to say, that she
shall
carry the necessary papers to
establish her neutrality, and that she shall not
falsify or suppress her
papers, or use
simulated papers. If any loss occurs through
breach of this condition, the insurer
ma
y avoid the contract.
36
．
（
1
）在保险财产，不
论是船舶还是货物，明确宣布保证中立之场合，存在一项默示条
件，即在风险开始时，该
项财产应为中立性质，而且在被保险人能控制的范围内，
在整个风
险期间应保持这种中立性质。
（
2
）在船舶明文保证中立之情况下，
亦存在一项默示条件，即在被保险人能控制的范围
内，该船舶应适当备齐各种证件；亦即
，
该船舶必须携带表明其中立性质的必要文件，
并不
得伪造或隐匿证件或使用假文件。
对因违反此项条件所产生的任何损失，保险人可以解除合同。
第
37
条
无默示船籍保证（
No implied warranty
of nationality
）
37
．
There is
no implied warranty as to the nationality of a
shipper that her nationality shall not
be changed during the risk.
37
．关于船舶的国籍不存在默示保证，也不存在风险
期间其船籍不变的默示保证。
第
38
条
完好安全保证（
Warranty of good
safety
）
38. Where the subject-matter
insured is warranted
“well”
or
“in
good
safety”
on a particular
day
, it is sufficient if it be safe at
any time during that day.
38
．
在被保险人保证保险标的在某一特定日期内保持
“
良好
”
或
“
完好安全<
/p>
”
之情况下，
只要
保险标的在该日期的任何时候处于安全状态便已足够。
第
39
条
船舶适航保证（
Warranty of
seaworthiness of ship
）
39.(1) In a voyage
policy there is an implied warranty that at the
commencement of the voyage t
he ship
shall be seaworthy for the purpose of the
particular adventure insured.
(2) Where the policy attaches while
the ship is in port, there is also an implied
warranty that she
shall, at the
commencement of the risk, be reasonably fit to
encounter the ordinary perils of the
po
rt.
(3)
Where the policy relates to a voyage which is
performed in different stages, during which
th
e ship requires different kinds of or
further preparation or equipment, there is an
implied warranty
that at the
commencement of each stage the ship is seaworthy
in respect of such preparation or
equ
ipment for the , purposes of that
stage.
(4) A ship is
deemed to be seaworthy when she is reasonably fit
in all respects to encounter the
ordinary perils of the seas of the
adventure insured.
(5)
In a time policy there is no implied warranty that
the ship shall be seaworthy at any stage of
the adventure, but where, with the
private of the assured, the ship is sent to sea in
an unseaworthy
state, the insurer is
not liable for any loss attributable to
unseaworthiness.”
39
（
1
）在航次保险单中有一项默示保证，即在为承
保的特定海上冒险之目的而开始其航
次当时，船舶应适航。
（
2
）保险单订立时若船舶停泊于港口，亦有一项默示保证，即在风险开始时，船舶应合<
/p>
理适宜面对该港口的通常危险。
（
3
）在保险单有关的航次分不同阶段履行之场合，在各个阶段中，船舶需要不同种类的
装备
或进一步准备，
有一项默示保证，在每一阶段开始时，为各该阶段之目的，船舶就有关<
/p>
此种准备或装备是适航的。
（
4
）船舶在所有方面合理适宜面对承保的海上冒险中通常海上危险，即被视为适航。
（
5
）在船舶定期保险单中，不存在船舶在海上冒险的任何阶段应当适航的默示保证，但<
/p>
若被保险人私谋，
将处于不适航状态下的船舶派出海，
保险人对可归因于不适航的任何损失
不负责任。
第
40
条
无货物适航的默示保证（
No implied
warranty that goods are
seaworthy
）
（
1
）
In
a policy on goods or other movables there is no
implied warranty that the goods or movables
ar
e seaworthy.
(2) In a voyage policy
on goods or other movables there is an implied
warranty that at the com
mencement of
the voyage the ship is not only seaworthy as a
ship, but also that she is reasonably
fi
t to carry the goods or other
movables to the destination contemplated by the
policy.”
（
1
）在货物或其他动产的保险单中，不存在
该货物或动产适航的默示保证。
（
2
）在货物或其他动产的航次保险单
中，存在着一项默示保证：在船舶航次开始当时，
不仅船舶本身适航，而且船舶还合理适
宜运送货物或其他动产至保险单预定的目的地。
第
41
条
合法保证（
Warranty of
legality
）
There is an implied warranty that
the adventure insured is a lawful one, and that,
so far as the as
sured can control the
matter, the adventure shall be carried out in a
lawful manner.
< br>有一项承保的海上冒险是合法的默示保证，
且就被保险人所能控制的问题而言，<
/p>
该海上冒
险应当以合法的方式进行。
航程（
The
Voyage
）
第
42
条
关于风险开始的默示条件（
Implied
condition as to commencement of
risk
）
42.(1) Where the subject-matter is
insured by a voyage policy
?at
and
from?
or
?from?
a
particula
r place, it is not necessary
that the ship should be at that place when the
contract is concluded, but
there is an
implied condition that the adventure shall be
commenced within a reasonable time, and
that if the adventure be not so
commenced the insurer may avoid the contract.
(2) The implied
condition any be negative by showing that the
delay was caused by circumstanc
es known
to the insurer before the contract was concluded,
or by showing that he waived the
condi
tion.
4
2
．
（
1
）在
保险标的是按
“
在和从
”
或
“
从
”
< br>某一特定地点开始的航次保险单承保之场合，在
签订该合同时，
< br>该船无需在该指定地点，
但有一项默示条件，
即该冒险应
在合理时间内开始，
如果该冒险未在该时间内开始，保险人可以撤销合同。
（
2
）通过证明延迟是由于保险人在签订保险合同之前已知道的情况造成的，
或证明保险
人已放弃该默示条件，该默示条件可以被否定。
第
43
条
启航港的变更（
Alteration of port of
departure
）
43. Where the place of departure is
specified by the policy, and the
ship instead of sailing from that place
sails from any other place, the risk
does not attach.
43
．
在保险单已明确规定了
启航地之情况下，
船舶未从该地而是从任何其他地点启航，
保<
/p>
险单不承保该风险。
第
44
条
驶往不同的目的港（
Sailing for
different destination
）
44. Where the place
destination is specified in the policy, and the
ship, instead of sailing for that
destination, sails for any other destination, the
risk does not attach.
4
4
．若保险单已明确规定了目的港，但船舶不驶往该目的港，而驶往任何其他目的港时，
保险单不承保该风险。
第
45
条
改变航程（
Change of
voyage
）
45.(1) Where, after the
commencement of the risk, the destination of the
ship is voluntarily chan
ged from the destination contemplated
by the policy there is said to be a change of
voyage.
(2) Unless the
policy otherwise provides, where there is a change
of voyage, the insurer is disch
arged
from liability as from the time of change , that
is to say, as from the time when the
determin
ation to change it is
manifested; and it is immaterial that the ship may
not in fact have left the cour
se of
voyage contemplated by the policy when the loss
occurs.
45
．<
/p>
（
1
）如果在风险开始后，船舶自愿地改
变保险单预定的目的港，即构成航程变更。
（
2
）除非保险单另有规定，如存在航程变更，保险人自该变更之时起，亦即，自变更决
定被
证明之时起，
即免除责任；
至于船舶发生灭失当时可能事实上尚
未偏离保险单预定的航
线则无关紧要。
第
46
条
<
/p>
绕航（
Deviation
）
46.(1) Where a
ship, without lawful excuse, deviates from the
voyage contemplated by the polic
y, the
insurer is discharged from liability as from the
time of deviation, and it is immaterial that
the
ship may have regained her route
before any loss occurs.
(2) There is a deviation from the voyage
contemplated by the policy
–
Where the course of the
voyage is specifically designated by the policy,
and that course is depar
ted from; or
Where the course of the
voyage is not specifically designated by the
policy, but the usual and cu
stomary
course is departed from.
(3) The intention to deviate is immaterial; there
must be a deviation in fact to discharge the
insu
rer from his liability under the
contract.
46
．
（
1
）
如果
在无合法理由的情况下，
船舶自保险单预定的航线绕航，保险人自该绕航之
时起解除责任，船舶在任何损失发生前可能已回到原航线无关紧要。
（
2
）下列情形即属自保险单预定的航线绕航在保险单已明确规定了航程航线的情况下，<
/p>
船舶驶离该航线；
在保险单未明确规定航程的航线之场合，船舶驶离通常
和习惯的航线
（
3
）绕航的意图无关紧要，必须有绕航的事实，
保险人方可解除合同项下的责任。
第
47
条
数个卸货港（
Several ports of
discharge
）
47.-(1) Where several ports of
discharge are specified by the policy, the ship
may proceed to all
or any of them, but,
in the absence of any usage of sufficient cause to
the contrary, she must proce
ed to them,
or such of them as she goes to , in the order
designated by the policy. If she does not
th
ere is a deviation.
(2) Where the policy is to
?ports
of
discharge,?
within a given
area, which are not named, the shi
p
must, in the absence of any usage or sufficient
cause to the contrary, proceed to them, or such of
them as she goes to , in their
geographical order. If she does not there is a
deviation.
47
．
（
1
）
如
果保险单载明数个卸货港，
船舶可以驶往全部或其中任何一个港口，
但若没有
相反的习惯或充分的理由，
船舶必须按照保险单定
明的次序，
顺序驶经各个港口或其中几个
港口。如果船舶违反上
述次序，即构成绕航。
<
/p>
（
2
）若保险单载明某个区域内的
“
卸货港口
”
，但未
载明港名，在没有相反的习惯或充足
的理由的情况下，
船舶必须
按照地理上的远近顺序驶抵各港口或其中几个港口。
如船舶违反
该次序，即构成绕航。
第
48
条
航程延迟（
Delay in
voyage
）
48. In the
case of a voyage policy, the adventure insured
must be prosecuted throughout its
cour
se with reasonable dispatch, and,
if without lawful excuse it is not so prosecuted,
the insurer is dis
charged from
liability as from the time when the delay became
unreasonable.
48
．
在航次保险单的情况下，
承保航程在整个过程中必须
合理迅速地完成，
如果不能如此
完成又无合法的理由，保险人自
延迟成为不合理之时起解除责任。
第
49
条
获准绕航或延迟（
Excuses for
deviation or delay
）
49.(1) Deviation or
delay in prosecuting the voyage contemplated by
the policy is excused-
(a) Where authorized by any special term in the
policy; or
(b) Where
caused by circumstances beyond the control of the
master and his employer; or
(c) Where reasonably necessary in
order to comply with an express or implied
warranty; or
(d) Where
reasonably necessary for the safety of the ship or
subject-matter insured; or
(e) For the purpose of
saving human life, or aiding a ship in distress
where human life may be in
danger; or
(f) Where reasonably
necessary for the purpose of obtaining medical or
surgical aid for any pers
on on board
the ship; or
(g) Where
caused by the barratrous conduct of the master or
crew, if barratry be one of the peril
s
insured against.
(2)
When the cause excusing the deviation or delay
ceases to operate, the ship must resume her
course, and prosecute her voyage, with
reasonable
dispatch.”
49.
（
1
）
船舶在完成保险单载明的航程中，下述绕航或延迟是许可的：
(a)
保险单中特殊条款授权者；
(b)
船长或其雇员不能控制的情况造成的；
(c)
为遵循明示或默示保证所合理必要的；
(d)
为船舶或保险标的的安全所合理必要的；
(e)
为救助人命或为救护有人命危险的遇难船舶；
(f)
为船上任何人员合理地及时得到内、外科治疗所合理必要的；
(g)
如果
“
船长、船员欺诈恶行
”
是
承保风险，由于船长或船员的欺诈恶行造成的。
(2)
一旦允许绕航或迟延的理由终止，船舶必须合
理快速地回复其原航线并完成其航程。
保险单的转让（
Assignment of
Policy
）
第
50
条
何时及如何转让保险单（
When and how
policy is assignable
）
“50.
-(1) A marine policy is
assignable unless it contains terms expressly
prohibiting assignment.
It may be
assigned either before or after loss.
(2) Where a marine policy has been
assigned so as to pass the beneficial interest in
such policy,
the assignee of the policy
is entitled to sue thereon in his own name; and
the defendant is entitled t
o make any
defence arising out of the contract which he would
have been entitled to make if the
a
ction had been brought in the name of
the person by or on behalf of whom the policy was
effected.
(3) A marine
policy may be assigned by endorsement thereon or
in other customary manner.
50.
（
1
）除非保险单中明文规定禁
止转让，海上保险单可以在损失发生前或发生后转让。
（
2
）在海上保险已经转让，以便转移此种保险单中的利益之场合，保险单的受让人有权
以自
已的名义起诉，
被告有权援用该合同引起的任何抗辩，
好像诉讼
是由订立保险单的人或
代表他提起的一样。
（
3
）海上保险单可以用在保险单上背书或用其他习惯方式转让。
第
51
条
无保险利益者不能转让保险单（
Assured who
has no interest cannot
assign
）
51. Where the assured
has parted with or lost his interest in the
subject-matter insured, and has
not,
before or at the time of so doing, expressly or
impliedly agreed to assign the policy, any
subse
quent assignment of the policy is
inoperative;
Provided
that nothing in this section affects the
assignment of a policy after loss.
51
．
在被保险人对保险标的
已经没有或丧失利益，
且在此之前或当时未明示或默示同意转
让
保险单之情况下，则随后保险单的任何转让均属无效。
但本条规定不影响在发生损失之后的保险单转让。
保险费（
The
Premium
）
第
52
条
何时缴付保险费（
When premium
payable
）
52
．
Unless
otherwise agreed, the duty of the assured or his
agent to pay the premium, and the d
uty
of the insured to issue the policy to the assured
or his agent, are concurrent conditions, and the
insurer is not bound to issue the
policy until payment or tender of the premium.
52
．
除非另有协议，
被保险人或其代理人支付保险费的义务，
与
保险人向被保险人或其代
理人签发保险单的义务是对流条件，
在
支付或提交保险费之前，
保险人没有义务签发保险单。
第
53
条
通过经纪人订立的保险单（
Policy effected
through broker
）
53
．
（
1
）
Unless
otherwise agreed, where a marine policy is
effected on behalf of the assured by a broker,
th
e broker is directly responsible to
the insurer for the premium, and the insurer is
directly responsib
le to the assured for
the amount which may be payable in respect of
losses, or in respect of returna
ble
premium.
(2) Unless
otherwise agreed, the broker has, as against the
assured, a lien upon the policy for the
amount of the premium and his charges in respect
of effecting the policy; and, where he has dealt
with the person who employs him as a
principal, he has also a lien on the policy in
respect of any
balance on any insurance
account which may be due to him from such person,
unless when the de
bt was incurred he
had reason to believe that such person was only an
agent.
53
．
(1)
除非另有约定，在海上
保险单是由经纪人代表被保险人办理之场合，该经纪人应
对保险人就该保险费承担直接责
任，
关于因灭失应付之赔偿或可退还的保险费，
保险人应向
被险人直接负责。
(2)
除
非另有约定，
经纪人就其缴纳的保险费和他代办投保的费用，
< br>对被保险人享有留置
保险单的权利；经纪人如果同作为雇主雇用他的人打交道，而
在保险账目中该人有
应当支
付他的余
额时，
他也有留置保险单的权利，
除非这种债务产生时，
他有理由相信此种人只是
一个代理人。
第
54
条
收据对保险单的效果（
Effect of receipt
on policy
）
54
．
Where a
marine policy effected on behalf of the assured by
a broker acknowledges the rece
ipt of
the premium, such acknowledgment is, in the
absence of fraud, conclusive as between the
in
surer and the
assured, but not as between the insurer and
broker.
54
．<
/p>
如果海上保险单由经纪人代表被保险人订立，
确认收到保险费的收
据，
在没有欺诈的
情况下，
此种确认在
保险人与被保险人之间是确证，
但在保险人与经纪人之间不是最终证明。
灭失及委付（
Loss and
Abandonment
）
第
55
条
保险和除外灭失（
Included and
excluded losses
）
55.(1) Included and excluded losses
Subject to the provisions of this Act, and unless
the policy
otherwise provides, the
insurer is liable for any loss proximately caused
by a peril insured against,
but,
subject as aforesaid, he is not liable for any
loss which is not proximately caused by a peril
ins
ured against.
(2) In particular-
(a) The insurer is not liable for
any loss attributable to the willful misconduct of
the assured, but
, unless the policy
otherwise provides, he is liable for any loss
proximately caused by a peril insur
ed
against, even though the loss would not have
happened but for the misconduct or negligence of
the master or crew;
(b) Unless the policy otherwise
provides , the insurer on ship or goods is not
liable for any loss
proximately caused
by delay, although the delay be caused by a peril
insured against;
(c)
Unless the policy otherwise provides, the insurer
is not liable for ordinary wear and tear,
ord
inary leakage and breakage, inherent
vice or nature of the subject-matter insured, or
for any loss pr
oximately caused by rats
or vermin, or for any injury to machinery not
proximately caused by mar
itime perils.
55
、承保风险及除外风险
(1)
本法规定及除保险单另有规定外，保险人对承保
风险作为近因而导致的任何损失承担
保险责任，
但是，
如前所述，
保险人将不对承保风险并非近因而导致的任何损失承担保险责
任。
(2)
尤其是
-
(a)
保险人不承担由被保险人恶意行为所导致的任
何损失，但除非保单另有规定，保险人
对承保风险直接导致的任何损失承担责任，
尽管若非船长或船员的恶意行为或疏忽该损失将
不会发生；
(b)
除
非保单另有规定，船舶险或货物险保险人将不对由迟延直接导致的任何损失承担责
任，尽
管该迟延是由承保风险所引起；
(c)
除非保险单另有规定，对通常磨损、渗漏和破裂，保险标的固有缺陷或特性，或
者鼠
害或虫害造成的任何损失，或者不是海上危险造成的机器损坏，保险人不负赔偿责任
。
第
56
条
部分损失和全损（
Partial and total
loss
）
56.(1) a loss may be either total
or partial. Any loss other than total loss, as
hereinafter defined, i
s a partial loss.
(2) A total loss may be
either an actual total loss, or a constructive
total loss.
(3) Unless
a different intention appears from the terms of
the policy, an insurance against total
l
oss includes a constructive, as well
as an actual, total loss.
(4) Where the assured brings an action for a total
loss and the evidence proves only a partial
los
s, he may, unless the policy
otherwise provides, recover for a partial loss.
(5) Where goods reach
their destination in specie, but by reason of
obliteration of marks, or othe
rwise, they are incapable
of identification, the loss, if any, is partial,
and not
total.”
56.(1)
损失可以为全损或部分损失。任何非本法下文所规定的全损的损失，为部
分损失。
(2)
全损可以为实际全损，或者推定全损。
(3)
除非保险单条款另
有不同的意思，全损险除承保实际全损外，还承保推定全损。
(4)
被保险人提出全损诉讼请求，而证据证明仅为
部分损失的，除保险单另有规定外，他
可以索赔部分损失。
(5)
货物以原有品种抵
达目的地，只是由于标识之涂擦或者其他原因而无法识别的，该损
失，如果有的话，是部
分损失而非全损。
第
57
条
实际全损（
Actual total
loss
）
57.(1) Where the subject-matter is
destroyed, or so damaged as to cease to be a thing
of the kind
insured, or where the
assured is irretrievably deprived thereof, there
is an actual total loss.
(2) In the case of an actual total loss no notice
of abandonment need be given.
57
．
(1)
当保险标的完全灭失，或者损坏程度严重到不再是与原保险标的类似的事物，或
者被保险人无可挽回地丧失了该保险标的者，构成实际全损。
(2)
发生实际全损的，无须发送委付通知。
第
58
条
船舶失踪（
Missing
ship
）
58
．
Missing
ship-
Where the ship concerned in the
adventure is missing, and after the lapse of a
reasonable time no n
ews of her has been
received, an actual total loss may be presumed.
58
．
船舶失踪－如果在海上冒险中有关的船舶失踪，
在一段合理的时间过后，
仍未收到任
何消息，则可推定为实际全损
.
第
59
条
转运的效果（
Effect of
transshipment, etc.
）
59 .Where, by a peril
insured against, the voyage is interrupted at an
intermediate port or place,
under such
circumstances as, apart from any special
stipulation in the contract of affreightment, to
justify the master in landing and re-
shipping the goods or other movables, or in
transshipping them
, and sending them on
to their destination, the liability of the insurer
continues notwithstanding
the landing or transshipment.
59
．
如果由于承保危险使航
程在中途港或中途某地中断，
除了运输合同中的任何特殊规定
之
外，在船长有将货物或其他动产卸下及重装，或转船运往其目的港的正当理由的情况下，
保险人应继续承担责任，尽管发生了该卸岸或转运。
第
60
条
推定全损的定义（
Constructive total
loss defined
）
60.(1)Subject to any express
provision in the policy, there is a constructive
total loss where the s
ubject-matter
insured is reasonably abandoned on account of its
actual total loss appearing to be
u
navoidable, or because it could not be
preserved from actual total loss without an
expenditure whi
ch would exceed its
value when the expenditure had been incurred.
(2)In particular, there
is a constructive total loss-
(i) Where the assured is deprived
of the possession of his ship or goods by a peril
insured agains
t, and (a) it is unlikely
that he can recover the ship or goods, as the case
may be, or (b) the cost of r
ecovering
the ship or goods, as the case may be, would
exceed their value when recovered; or
(ii) In the case of damage to a
ship, where she is so damaged by a peril insured
against, that the