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(英文)标点符号用法总结

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2021-02-15 12:59
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2021年2月15日发(作者:alonzo)


(英文)标点符号用法



英文中常用的标点符号:





period


句号





comma


逗号





colon


冒号





semicolon


分号





exclamation


惊叹号





question mark


问号





hyphen


连字符



'


apostrophe


省略号;所有格符号





dash


破折号



‘’



single quotation marks


单引号



“”



double quotation marks


双引号



( )


parentheses


圆括号



[]


square brackets


方括号



《》



French quotes


法文引号;书名号



...


ellipsis


省略号



¨



tandem colon


双点号




ditto


同上





parallel


双线号





virgule


斜线号





ampersand = and





swung dash


代字号



§



section



;


division


分节号





arrow


箭号;参见号





plus


加号;正号






minus


减号;负号



?



plus or minus


正负号



?



is multiplied by


乘号



÷



is divided by


除号





is equal to


等于号





is not equal to


不等于号





is equivalent to


全等于号





is equal to or approximately


等于或约等于号



equal to




is approximately equal to


约等于号





is less than


小于号





is more than


大于号





is not less than


不小于号





is not more than


不大于号



?



is less than or equal to


?



is more than or equal to




per cent


?



per mill




infinity




varies as




(square) root




since


;


because




hence




equals


as (proportion)


等于,成比例






angle




?



semicircle


半圆





circle






circumference


圆周



π



pi


圆周率





triangle


三角形





perpendicular to


垂直于





union of


并,合集





intersection of


交,通集





the integral of


?的积分





(sigma) summation of


总和



?



degree




?



minute




?



second






number


?号





Celsius system


摄氏度





at


单价



小于或等于号



大于或等于号



百分之?



千分之?



无限大号



与?成比例



平方根




因为



所以





以下是具体使用方法



(一)逗号的用法



1.


在并列连词(


and, but, for, nor, or, yet


)前使用,用来连接句中的各分句。



In fact you do, but you may not remember me.



p17


全日制普通高级中学教科书(必修)


英语第一册(下)


Sen ior English for China Student



s Book 1B


以下标有页码未特别注明出处


的皆出自本书)




2.


用逗号来分隔一系列单词、词组和从句。



In


summer,


people


like


to


go


sailing,


swimming,


horse-riding


and


rock-climbing


in


the


mountains.



p42




Red, pink, yellow and white roses filled the huge vases.


(牛津现代高级英汉双解词典第


6




附录


4


标点使用法)



In the summer of 1984, many trees died.



3.


逗号用来分隔与句子其他部分密切相连的简短插入语或旁 白。


(较长的,更为突兀的或复


杂的插入成分的则用破折号或圆 括号。




Chemical


fertilization



for


example,


helps


to


produce


better


crops,


but


is


harmful


to


the


environment.



p45 -46





4.


在并列形容词,即分别修饰同一个名词的形容词之间使用 逗号,但也有的形容词之间不


加逗号的。



For men, heroism was usually described as bravery and the active, successful overcoming of


adversity.



5.


用逗号来分隔非限定性修饰语,即该修饰语对于句子的意义并非必不可少。非限定性修< /p>


饰语与限定性修饰语的区别在于,它即使被省略,也不会改变句子的主要意思。

< p>


(1)


同位语



Ma De, former Party secretary of Suihua, in Northeast China



s Heilongjiang Province, was


charged


with


taking


bribes


worth


6.03


million


yuan



during


his


10


years


in


various


government


positions.



(China Daily July29, 2005)


At the World Park, one of the largest theme parks in China, visitors can look at buildings,


castles and statues from more than thirty countries.



P66




注意:限定性同位语不用逗号隔开。



US


President


George


W.


Bush


said


on


Wednesday


that


he


looked


forward


to


meeting


President Hu Jintao later this year.




China Daily July29, 2005




(2)


从句



A brief comparison with the most famous chivalric drama, which was written fifteen years


earlier, clarifies the uniqueness of Thon



s play.


与那部最 著名的,完成于十五年前的骑士剧的简短比较,表明了索恩这部剧作的独特性。



When they discovered it about 1,000 years ago, they called it Aotearoa, which means



Land


of the long white cloud



.



P38




(3)


副词短语和从句



Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.



P59




He was born in Yidu, Shandong Province.



P48




By the way, did you hear about Sue



s car?


Oh, so that



s where it was.



6.


逗号可以用在一个很长的引导 性短语或从句后,逗号还可以用来分隔表示选择或对比关


系的短语。


You can feel what it is like to live in space, walk on the ocean floor or ski with polar bears at


the North Pole.



P69




And remember, it is better to eat a potato than to be one.



P75





7.


在以“月、日、年”为次序排 列的日期间使用逗号。如果这种次序的日期出现在句子中


间,则在“年”后也加上逗号。



Martin Luther King, Jr., was born on January 15, 1929, and died on April 4, 1968.


但在以“日、月、年”为次序排列的日期间,不使用逗号。



Martin Luther King, Jr., was born on 15 January 1929, and died on 4 April 1968.


在“月”和“年”之间,或“季节”和“年”之间,不使用逗号。



The events of July 1789 are as familiar to the French as those of July 1776 are to Americans.


发生在


1789



7


月的那些事件对于法国人来说,


就像美国人对于发生在


1776



7< /p>


月的


那些时间一样熟悉。




8.


在表示地名时



Pandas come from China, Asia.



9. < /p>


用以将一导言的或转变语气的词或短语


(如


therefore, however, by the way, for instance

< p>



句中其余部分隔开。



Yes, it certainly had an eventful day.


In fact, I don



t even know her name.



10.


书写对话时用于某某说等词语前后。








Come back soon,



she said.


11.


用于短小的引语前。



Disraeli said,



Little things affect little minds.





(二)对话及引语标点符号用法



1.


对话



(1)


说话人在前,说话内容在后。一般而言,


say


后用逗号,引 号内第一个单词第一个字母


大写,引文内句子意思完整,则标点符号(句号、叹号、问号 、省略号、破折号等)放在引


号内。



My friend said,



You



re getting compulsive about this stuff.




(2)


说话人在后,说话内容全部前置。一般而言,如果是陈 述句,引号内用逗号,引号外第


一个单词第一个字母小写;


如果 是疑问句或感叹句,


引号内用问号或感叹号,


引号外第一单


词第一个字母小写。




It



s a deal,



he said, laughing.



No,



he said.



You coming back?



the policeman asked.


(3)


说话人在中间,说话内容分列于说话人前后。一般而言 ,说话人(


he


)引号内用逗号,


引号 外第一个单词的第一个字母小写;如果


he said


(有时也用


said he


或 其他形式)后用句


号,则后边引号第一个单词第一个字母用大写;如果

< br>he


said


后用逗号,则后边引号第一个

< p>
单词的第一个字母也小写。




I bet,



he said.



Can I try it?





You can go any place you want,



Beto said,



but I think you



ll find what you need.






p73


Field Work, Bruce Jackson, University of Illinois Press





They


agreed


to


continue


consultations,




said


Qin


Gang,


spokesman


for


the


Chinese


delegation.



The meetings alone are progress.






China Daily July29, 2005





2.


引语



(1)


英语中,如果所引用的句子不是特别长,且不需特别强 调,可以直接用引号表示引语部


分。




It


was


the


best


of


times,


it


was


the


worst


of


times,




wrote


Charles


Dickens


about


the


eighteenth century.


查尔斯?狄更斯对 于十八世纪这样写道,


“这是最好的时代,同时也是最糟的时代。




Their raincoats have been left behind, for the radio reports



Fair tonight and tomorrow with


gentle westerly winds.




(2)


也有只引用一个词或词组的。



And while



a picture may be worth a thousand words,



this is true only if the picture is taken


in a particular way and is then properly analyzed.



Yet for multitudes, the photographic record is true because



the camera cannot lie.




For Charles Dickens, the eighteenth century was both



the best of times



and



the worst of


times.




句中的




the worst of times.




引号内的句号常放在 引号外。


(审读室建议咱们报社统一采


用此种形式。

< p>



When they discovered it about 1,000 years ago, they called it Aotearoa, which means



Land


of the long white cloud



.



P38




(3)


引语可以放在句首、句中或句末。或为了文体风格的需 要,用自己的话将引语拆开。




He was obeyed,



writes Joseph Conrad of the company manager in


Heart of Darkness


,



yet


he inspired neither love nor fear, nor even respect.






“他的话大家都服从,


”约瑟夫?康 拉德在《黑暗的中心》里这样描绘一位公司经理,


“但


他并未因 此激发别人的爱和恨,也没赢得尊敬。




(4)


其他(高二?外研新标准版?第


11


期?


B4


?交际英语)



You can ask



Where was I?




You can say



Once upon a time or long, long ago, etc.



For example,




Can I say



Long ago a son and his father were walking on the mountains



?


补充:引语 中,引号和其它符号配合使用时,美国的通用方法是:



a.


句号和逗号放在引号之内;



b.


冒号和分号放在引号之外;



c.


破折号、问号和感叹号,如只是与引语有关,放在引号之内;如 与整个句子有关,则


放在引语之外。




(三)中英文夹杂情况下的标点用法



(除整篇文章是中英文夹杂的情况,其他情况主要按中文的表达方式处理)



1.


词语释义的表达方式



(1)


一般而言,英文词或词组后直接跟中文释义,各词义间 用分号隔开(各词义如相近或相


同也可以用逗号,词义相差较远或不同时用分号)


,释义完毕用句号,再接“如”


(或又如、


比 如等)



“如”后用冒号。



make up


构成;形成;组成。


(又)如:



Manufacturing and mining make up most of the country



s industry.


制造业和采矿业构成了


这个国家产业的大部分。



P142




(2)


对英文词或词组进行解说式释义时,释义部分加引号, 各词义间用分号隔开(各词义如


相近或相同也可以用逗号,


词义 相差较远或不同时用分号)



释义后的标点符号放在引号外。< /p>



?


act the role


也作


take the role

,意为“扮演某个角色;起某种作用”


。又如:



She is fit to take tragic roles.


她适合扮演悲剧性人物。



P145




?


make sb do sth


意思是“使某人做某事”


。在“


let/make/have +


宾语



+


不定式”结构


中的不定式必须去掉


to


。又如:



Please have Mary come in.


请叫玛 丽进来吧。



P145




?


had better do

< br>...


表示建议,意为“最好去做某事”


。又如:



You



d better go to bed.


你该去睡觉了。



?


ought to


相当于

< p>
should


,意为“应该;应当”


,用来作为劝 告和建议,语气友善温和,


没有强制作用。又如:



We ought to respect the privacy of others.


我们应当尊重他人的隐私。



?


in shape


还表示

< p>
“健康状况良好”



相当于


in good shape



它与


out of shape


相对。



(高


二?外研新标准版?第


11


期?

B1


?名师讲堂)




bend down


有时也可用



bend over (to)



来表示。



高二?


外研新标准版?


< br>11


期?


B1


?



师讲堂)



建议改成:


bend down


有时也可用


bend over (to)


来表示。




Excuse me


在口语中经常使 用,表示“请原谅”



“对不起”的意思。常用在问路、问


事、


表示失礼、


请求许可等场合。


依照汉语的习惯,


有时可以译作


“劳驾”



“借光”



“请问 ”


等。


(初二人教版


P161




?


may


在这里表示“可能”



“或许”




a


little


与形容词(如


late


hungry


)或副词连用,意思是“一点儿”



“稍微”



(初二人


教 版


P169





2.


句中列举多个英文单词或词组 时,可以在“如”后边加冒号,再接单词或词组,列举完


毕加“等”

(或等等)


,标点符号用中文的句号(或其他中文标点)




how


可以与形容词和副词结合,< /p>


以询问许多方面的问题,


如:


how much, how many, how


old, how important


等等。如:



How heavy is your suitcase?


你的手提箱有多沉?(


P148



< /p>


一般过去时表示过去某个时候发生动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,



yesterday


< br>last night



in 1990



two days ago


等。也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常



often



always


等表示频度的时间状语连用。


(初二人教版,


P179-180


)< /p>




3.


其他







(1)


as


has


our


way


of


life


是一个倒装结构,意为:


and


our


way


of


life


has


changed


too.



P132




(2) Being black and a woman made life even more difficult in America at that time.


在当时的


美国,作为一个黑人女性,生活要更加艰难。



being black and a woman


是动词 的



ing


形式作主语,动词的


-ing


形式具有名词的特征,


它可以在句中 作主语、宾语和表语等。又如:



Taking the subway at night in that city is dangerous.


在那个城市里,夜里乘地铁很危险。



(3) It is their clothes, make-up and the way they walk that makes people laugh.

< br>逗人们笑的


是他们的衣着、装扮和走路姿势。



It is (was)



that (who)



是个加强语气的结构,它可以用来强调句中的主 语、宾语、状


语等部分,需要加强语气的部分放在


It is (was)


后。又如:



Jack bought two tickets for the musical last Friday.


杰克上星期五买了两张音乐剧的票。


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