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Chinese Dragon
Dragon totem
worship in China has been around for the last
8,000 years. The ancients in China
considered the dragon (or loong) a
fetish that combines animals including the fish,
snake, horse
and ox with cloud,
thunder, lightning and other natural celestial
phenomena. The Chinese dragon
was
formed
in
accordance
with
the
multicultural
fusion
process
of
the
Chinese
nation.
To
the
Chinese, the dragon signifies
innovation and cohesion.
对龙图腾他的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。
中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物
与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的
一种神物。
中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程
同步。在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。
Dumplings
Dumplings
are
one
of
the
Chinese
people
’
s
favorite
traditional
dishes.
According
to
an
ancient
Chinese
legend,
dumplings
were
first
made
by
the
medical
saint
---Zhang
Zhongjing.
There
are
three steps involved in
making dumplings: 1) make dumpling wrappers out of
dumpling flour; 2)
prepare the dumpling
stuffing; 3) make dumplings and boil them. With
thin and elastic dough skin,
fresh and
tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique
shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds
of times. There
’
s
an old saying that claims,
“
Nothing could be more
delicious than dumplings
”
.
During
the
Spring
Festival
and
other
holidays,
or
when
treating
relatives
and
friends,
Chinese
people like to follow the auspicious
custom of eating dumplings. To Chinese people who
show
high reverence for family love,
having dumplings at the moment the old year is
replaced by the
new is an essential
part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering
in the new year.
饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统食品。
相传为古代医圣张仲景发明。
饺子的制作是包括：
1
）
擀皮、
2
）
备馅、
3
）
包馅水煮三个步骤。其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食
不厌。民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。中国人接亲待客、逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，
< br>寓意吉利。对崇尚亲情的中国人来说，
“更岁交子”吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞旧
迎新必不
可少的内容。
Acupuncture
Acupuncture is
an important part of traditional Chinese medicine
(TCM). In accordance with the
“
main
and
collateral
channels
”
theory
in
TCM,
the
purpose
of
acupuncture
is
to
dredge
the
channel and regulate qi and blood, so
as to keep the body
’
s yin
and yang balanced and achieve
reconciliation between the internal
organs. It features in traditional Chinese
medicine that
“
internal
diseases are to be treated with
external therapy
”
. The main
therapy of acupuncture involves using
needles to pierce certain acupoints of
the patient
’
s body, or
adopting moxibustion to stimulate the
patient
’
s
acupoints so as to stimulate the channels and
relieve pain. With its unique advantages,
acupuncture has been handed down
generation after generation and has now spread all
over the
world. Nowadays, acupuncture,
along with Chinese food, kung fu (otherwise known
as Chinese
martial arts), and
traditional Chinese medicine, has been
internationally hailed as one of the
“
four
new
national treasures.
”
针灸是中医学的重要组成部分。
按照中医的经络理论，
针灸疗法主要是通过疏通经络、
调和
气血，来达到阴阳归于平衡
，使脏腑趋于调和之目的。其特点是“内病外治”
。主要疗法是
用针刺入病人身体的一定穴位，
或用艾火的温热刺激烧灼病人的穴位，
< br>以达到刺激经络。
治
疗病痛的目的。针灸以其独特的优势
，流传至今并传播到了世界，与中餐、功夫、中药一起
被海外誉为中国的“新四大国粹”
。
Chinese Kung Fu
Chinese kung fu, or Chinese martial
arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in
abundance. It is a
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traditional Chinese sport which applies
the art of attack and defence in combat and the
motions
engaged
with
a
series
of
skill
and
tricks.
The
core
idea
of
Chinese
king
fu
is
derived
from
the
Confucian
theory
of
both
“
the
mean
and
harmony
”
and
“
cultivating
qi
”
(otherwise
known
as
nourishing
one
’
s spirit). Meanwhile, it
also includes thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism.
Chinese
kung
fu
has
a
long
history,
with
multi-various
sects
and
many
different
boxing
styles,
and
emphasizes
coupling
hardness
with
softness
and
internal
and
external
training.
It
contains
the
ancient great
thinkers
’
pondering of life
and the universe. The skills in wielding the 18
kinds of
weapons named by the later
generations mainly involve the skills of bare-
handed boxing, such as
shadow boxing
(Taijiquan), form and will boxing (Xingyiquan),
eight trigram palm (Baguazhang),
and
the skills of kung fu weaponry, such as the skill
of using swords, spears, two-edged swords
and halberds, axes, tomahawks, kooks,
prongs and so on.
中国功夫即中国武术，
是将技击寓于搏斗和套路运动之中的中国传统体育项目，
承载着丰富
的中国民族传统文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和养气之说，同时兼容了道家、释家的思想。
< br>中国武术源远流长、流派林立、拳种繁多，讲究刚柔并济、内外兼修，蕴含着先哲们对生命
和宇宙的参悟。后世所称十八般武艺，主要指：徒手拳艺，如太极拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；
器械功夫，如刀枪剑戟、斧钺钩叉等。
Chinese Characters
Chinese
characters were initially meant to be simple
pictures used to help people remember things.
After
a
long
period
of
development,
it
finally
became
a
unique
character
system
that
embodies
phonetic
sound,
image,
idea,
and
rhyme
at
the
same
time.
The
writing
system,
which
was
extremely
advanced
in
ancient
times,
began
with
inscriptions
on
bones
and
tortoise
shells,
and
these
are
regarded
as
the
original
forms
of
Chinese
characters.
Afterwards,
Chinese
characters
went
through
numerous
calligraphic
styles:
bronze
inscriptions,
official
script,
regular
script,
cursive script, running script, etc.
Chinese characters are usually round outside and
square inside,
which is rooted in
ancient Chinese beliefs of an orbicular sky and a
rectangular Earth.
The five
basic
strokes
of
Chinese
characters
are
“
---
“
(the
horizontal
stroke)
“
│
”
(the
vertical
stroke),
“
／
”
(
the left-falling stroke),
“
＼
”
(the right-falling stroke), and
“
乙
”
(the turning stroke).
汉字是从原始人用以记事的简单图画，
经过不断演变发展最终成为一种兼具音、
形、
< br>意韵的
独特文字。
现存中国古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文
，被认为是现代汉字的初形。此后，
汉字
又经历了金文、隶书、
楷书、草书、行书等不同的阶段。汉字结构“外圆内方“，
源
于古
人”天圆地方“的观念。汉字有五种基本笔画，即：横、竖、撇、捺、折。
Chinese Chopsticks
The
Chinese
way
of
eating
with
chopsticks
is
unique
in
the
world.
The
recorded
history
of
chopsticks
started
more
than
three
thousand
years
ago.
Chopsticks
were
named
zhu
in
ancient
Chinese.
They
look
deceptively
simple
to
use,
but
possess
multi-various
functions,
such
as
clamping,
turning
over,
lifting
up,
raking,
stirring,
scooping,
poking,
tearing,
and
so
on.
Chopsticks were taken as
an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient
China. For example,
the
partial
tone
of
chopsticks
is
often
used
by
people
as
a
metaphor
at
weddings
to
indicate
a
blessing or benediction for the couple
to have a baby soon. Unlike using a knife and fork
or one
’
s
own
hands,
a
pair
of
chopsticks
also
implies
the
meaning
of
“
Harmony
is
what
matters
”
.
Chopsticks are highly praised by
Westerners as a hallmark of ancient oriental
civilization.
中国人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上独树一帜。
有史记载用筷的历史已有三千多年。
筷子古
时称
为箸，它看似简单，但却同时具有夹、拨、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多种功能。中国
民
间视筷子为吉祥之物，
如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的祝福等。
与使用刀叉以及手抓的
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方式不同，成双结对的筷子含有“和为贵“的意蕴。西方人赞誉筷子是古老的东方文
明。
Chinese Seal
A
seal
can
also
be
defined
as
a
stamp.
Both
the
Chinese
official
and
private
seal
of
various
dynasties have
different titles, such as stamp, zhu note,
contract, fu, lease and others.
The
seals
used by the emperors of ancient
China were called xi, yin, bao, etc. According to
historical records,
seals were widely
used during the Warring States Period
(475BC-221BC). The making of a seal is
to engrave fonts, such as seal
characters and official script and so on; or
images in the form of
intaglio
and
embossment
into
the
seal,
basically
shaped
as
round
or
square.
Covered
with
a
vermilion
overlay, the Chinese seal is not only used in
daily life, but it is also used to represent
signatures
on
paintings
and
calligraphies.
It
is
gradually
becoming
one
of
China
’
s
unique
artworks.
印章就是图章。中国历代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱记、合同、符、契等等不同的称谓，
而帝王所用的印章古时称玺、印、宝、章等。据史料记载，印章在战国时代已普遍使用。印
章的制作是将篆隶等字体、图像用阴、阳的形式雕刻而成，形状以圆、方为主。印章用朱色
< br>
钤盖，除日常应用外，又
多用于书画题识，逐渐成为中国特有的艺术形式之一。
Chinese Era
The Chinese era
is the symbol that the Chinese calendar uses for
recording and naming years. The
ten
Heavenly Stems are: jia, yi, bing, ding, wu, ji,
geng, xin, ren, gui. The twelve Earthly Branches
are: , yin, mou, chen, si, wu, wei,
shen, you, xu, hai. After observing the lunar
month, the
ancients
found
that
the
moon
always
wazes
and
wanes
roughly
12
times
a
year,
and
two
lunar
months account for about 60 days, so
the order of the ten Heavenly Stems and the order
of the
twelve
Earthly
Branches
are
properly
matched
in
turn.
In
terms
of
recording
date,
60
years
is
considered to be a full time cycle. The
Chinese era chronology was first invented in
ancient times
and is still in use now.
according to the chronology of the
“
ten Heavenly
Stems,
”
2011 is the year
of
“
the seventh
of the ten Heavenly Stems
”
and
“
the fifth of the
twelve Earthly Branches
”
.
天干地支是中国历法中用以记录和命名年岁的方法。十天干为：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、已、<
/p>
庚、辛、壬、癸；十二地支为：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戊、亥。古人
观测朔望月，
发现月亮圆缺
12
次大体上是一年的天数，
而两个朔望月约是
6
0
天。
古人以十
天干与十二地支的顺序
依次相配，记录不同年份，
60
年为一个轮回。干支纪年法从古
沿用
至今。按干支纪年法，
2011
年
便是辛卯年。
Chinese Beijing Opera
Praised
as
“
Oriental
Opera
”
,
Beijing
Opera
is
a
genuine
national
quintessence
of
China.
It
originated from many kinds of ancient
local operas, especially huiban in southern China.
At the
end
of
the
19
th
Century,
Beijing
Opera
evolved
and
took
shape,
becoming
the
greatest
kind
of
opera in China. Beijing Opera is a
blend of performing arts---song, speech,
performance, acrobatix
fighting and
dance. Beijing Opera portrays and narrates the
plot and characters through stylized
acting.
The
main
types
of
roles
in
Beijing
Opera
are
sheng(male),
dan
(young
female),
jing
(painted face, male), and chou( clown,
male or female).
京剧被誉为
“东方歌剧”
，
是地道的中国国粹。
它起源于中国多种古老的地方戏剧，
特别是
南方的<
/p>
“徽班”
。
到了
19
世纪末，京剧形成并成为中国最大的戏曲剧种。京剧是综合性表演
< br>艺术，集唱（歌唱）
、念（念白）
、做（表演）
、打（武）
、舞（舞蹈）为一体，通过程式化的
表演手段，叙述故事，刻画人物。角色主要分生（男性）
、旦（女性）
< br>、净（男性）
、丑（男
性女性皆有）四大行当。
Chinese Taoism
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