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英语中什么叫复合句

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2021-02-14 04:08
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2021年2月14日发(作者:ant是什么意思)


英语中什么叫复合句?



复合句(


Complex Sentence


)由一个主句(


Principal Cla use)


和一个或一个以上


的从句


(S ubordinate Clause)


构成。





主句是全句的主体,


通常可以独立存在;


从句则是一个句子成分,


不能独 立存


在。





从句不能单独成句,


但它也有主语部分和谓语部分,

< p>
就像一个句子一样。


所不


同在于,从句须由一个关 联词(


connective


)引导。





复合句(


The Complex Sentence


):句子中有一个或一个以上的从句,叫做


复合句。复合句可分为:






1).


定语从句(


The Attributive Clause


);






2).


状语从句(


The Adverbial Clause


);






3).


名词性从句(


The Noun Clause






一、



定语从句





·



定语从句的定义






定语从句在句子中作定语,用来修 饰一个名词、名词词组或者代词。





·



先行词和引导词






被修饰的名词、名词词组或代词叫做先行词;






在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫做引导词。






引导词 分为



关系代词




关系副词


< br>。





·



关系代词和关系副词






关系代词有:


who, whom, whose, that, which, as







关系副词有:


when, where, why




注意:关系副词里面没有< /p>


how







如果要修饰方式,用


that



in which


引导,或者不用引导词。






I don’t like the way (that, in which) he eyed me.





我不喜欢他看我的那个样子。






·



关系代词:


who





关系动词


who


在从句中主要作主语,在非正式语体里


who

< p>
还可以作从句中的


宾语。






He is the man who wants to see you.





He is the man who I saw in the park yesterday.





·



关系代词:


whom





He is the man



whom




I saw in the park yesterday.






whom


在从句中作宾语)






·



关系代词:


whose





whose


用来指人或物,


(只能用作定语


,


若指物,


它还可以同


of which


互换)







They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.





Please pass me the book whose cover is green.



of which the cover/the


cover of which






·



关系代 词:


which



1

< br>)






which


指物,在从句中作主语或 宾语,作宾语时在非正式语体中可以省略。






They needed a plant which didn't need as much water as rice.





The farm (which) we visited yesterday is located in the suburb of Beijing.





·



关系代 词:


which



2

< br>)






当在


which


that


面前进行选择的情况下,一般情况下要选


which







1.


在非 限制性定语从句中通常用


which


作引导词,


而不能用


that


做非限制性定


语从句的引导词。






2.


修饰整个主句。






I never met Julia again after that, which was a pity.





3.


修饰谓语部分。






He can swim in the river, which I cannot.





4.


介词



+ which





They are all questions to which there are no answers.





·



关系代词:


that


1







that


多用来指物,有时也可以用 来指人;在从句中作主语或宾语。指物的时候


多用


that


,也可用


which






It’s a question that (which) needs careful consideratio


n.





(指物,作主语。)






Who is the man that is reading a magazine under the tree?





(指人,作主语。)






The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Tom’s sister.





(指人,作宾语,可省略。)





·



关系代 词:


that



2






在以下的情况中,只能用


that


作引 导词,而不能用


which


作引导词。






1.


先行词为


all , everything, anything, nothing, little


等不定代词时。






All (that) she lacked was training.





2.


先行词被形容词最高级修饰时






This is the best film that I have ever seen.





3.


先行词被序数词和


the last


修饰时






4.


先行词中既有人又有物时






They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited.





5.


主句是含有


who



which


的特殊疑问句,为了避免重复时






二、



状语从句





1


地点状语从句





地点状语从句通常由


where, wherever


引导。





Where I live there are plenty of trees.




Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.





2


方式状语从句






方式状语从句通常由


as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though


引导。





1




as, (just) as…so…


引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后,但在


(just)


as…so…


结构中位于句首,这时< /p>


as


从句带有比喻的含义,意思是



正如




< p>




,多用于正式文体, 例如:





Always do to the others as you would be done by.




你希望人家怎样待你,你就要怎样待人。





As water is to fish, so air is to man.




我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水。





Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our


minds.




正如打扫房屋一样,我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。





2




as if, as though




两 者的意义和用法相同,


引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,


表示 与事实相反,


有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作< /p>



仿



……


似的





好像


……


似的



,例如:





They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.




他们完全忽略了这些事实,就仿佛它不存在似的。

< p>
(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟


语气。)





He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.




他那样子就像被雷击了似的。(与 事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。)





It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.




看来天气 很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大,谓语用陈述语气。)





说明:


as if / as th ough


也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语,


例如:





He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.




他目不转睛地看着我,就像第一次看见我似的。





He cleared his throat as if to say something.




他清了清嗓子,像要说什么似的。





3


原因状语从句






比较:


because, since, as



for





1




bec ause


语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答


why


提出的问题。


当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用

< p>
as




since






I didn't go, because I was afraid.




Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.




2





because


引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗



号,则可以用


for


来< /p>


代替。但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用


for






He is absent today, because / for he is ill.




He must be ill, for he is absent today.




4


目的状语从句






表示目的状语的从句可以由


that, so that, in order that, in case


等词引导,例


如:





You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.




Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.




5


结果状语从句






结果状语从句常由


so… that




such…that


引导,掌握这两个句型,首先要


了解


so




such


与其后的词的搭配规律。





比较:


so




such




其规律由


so



such

< p>
的不同词性决定。


such


是形容词,


修饰名词或名词词组,


so


是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。



so


还可与表示数量的形容词


many, few,


much, little


连用,形成固定搭配。





so foolish such a fool





so nice a flower such a nice flower





so many / few flowers such nice flowers





so much / little money. such rapid progress


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